937 research outputs found
Disaster Site Structure Analysis: Examining Effective Remote Sensing Techniques in Blue Tarpaulin Inspection
This thesis aimed to evaluate three methods of analyzing blue roofing tarpaulin (tarp) placed on homes in post natural disaster zones with remote sensing techniques by assessing the different methods- image segmentation, machine learning (ML), and supervised classification. One can determine which is the most efficient and accurate way of detecting blue tarps. The concept here was that using the most efficient and accurate way to locate blue tarps can aid federal, state, and local emergency management (EM) operations and homeowners. In the wake of a natural disaster such as a tornado, hurricane, thunderstorm, or similar weather events, roofs are the most likely to be damaged (Esri Events., 2019). Severe roof damage needs to be mitigated as fast as possible: which in the United States is often done at no cost by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
This research aimed to find the most efficient and accurate way of detecting blue tarps with three different remote sensing practices. The first method, image segmentation, separates parts of a whole image into smaller areas or categories that correspond to distinct items or parts of objects. Each pixel in a remotely sensed image is then classified into categories set by the user. A successful segmentation will result when pixels in the same category have comparable multivariate, grayscale values and form a linked area, whereas nearby pixels in other categories have distinct values. Machine Learning, ML, a second method, is a technique that processes data depending on many layers for feature v identification and pattern recognition. ArcGIS Pro mapping software processes data with ML classification methods to classify remote sensing imagery. Deep learning models may be used to recognize objects, classify images, and in this example, classify pixels. The resultant model definition file or deep learning software package is used to run the inference geoprocessing tools to extract particular item positions, categorize or label the objects, or classify the pixels in the picture. Finally, supervised classification is based on a system in which a user picks sample pixel in an image that are indicative of certain classes and then tells image-processing software to categorize the other pixels in the picture using these training sites as references. To group pixels together, the user also specifies the limits for how similar they must be. The number of classifications into which the image is categorized is likewise determined by the user.
The importance of tracking blue roofs is multifaceted. Structures with roof damage from natural disasters face many immediate dangers, such as further water and wind damage. These communities are at a critical moment as responding to the damage efficiently and effectively should occur in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. In part due to strategies such as FEMA and the United States Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) Operation Blue Roof, most often blue tarpaulins are installed on structures to prevent further damage caused by wind and rain. From a Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAV) perspective, these blue tarps stand out amid the downed trees, devastated infrastructure, and other debris that will populate the area. Understanding that recovery can be one of the most important stages of Emergency Management, testing techniques vi for speed, accuracy, and effectiveness will assist in creating more effective Emergency Management (EM) specialists
Deep Learning Methods for Remote Sensing
Remote sensing is a field where important physical characteristics of an area are exacted using emitted radiation generally captured by satellite cameras, sensors onboard aerial vehicles, etc. Captured data help researchers develop solutions to sense and detect various characteristics such as forest fires, flooding, changes in urban areas, crop diseases, soil moisture, etc. The recent impressive progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has sparked innovations in technologies, algorithms, and approaches and led to results that were unachievable until recently in multiple areas, among them remote sensing. This book consists of sixteen peer-reviewed papers covering new advances in the use of AI for remote sensing
Service robotics and machine learning for close-range remote sensing
L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen
Automated methods for image detection of cultural heritage: Overviews and perspectives
Remote sensing data covering large geographical areas can be easily accessed and are being acquired with greater frequency. The massive volume of data requires an automated image analysis system. By taking advantage of the increasing availability of data using computer vision, we can design specific systems to automate data analysis and detection of archaeological objects. In the past decade, there has been a rise in the use of automated methods to assist in the identification of archaeological sites in remote sensing imagery. These applications offer an important contribution to non-intrusive archaeological exploration, helping to reduce the traditional human workload and time by signalling areas with a higher probability of presenting archaeological sites for exploration. This survey describes the state of the art of existing automated image analysis methods in archaeology and highlights the improvements thus achieved in the detection of archaeological monuments and areas of interest in landscape-scale satellite and aerial imagery. It also presents a discussion of the benefits and limitations of automatic detection of archaeological structures, proposing new approaches and possibilities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Deep learning methods applied to digital elevation models: state of the art
Deep Learning (DL) has a wide variety of applications in various
thematic domains, including spatial information. Although with
limitations, it is also starting to be considered in operations
related to Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). This study aims to
review the methods of DL applied in the field of altimetric spatial
information in general, and DEMs in particular. Void Filling (VF),
Super-Resolution (SR), landform classification and hydrography
extraction are just some of the operations where traditional methods
are being replaced by DL methods. Our review concludes
that although these methods have great potential, there are
aspects that need to be improved. More appropriate terrain information
or algorithm parameterisation are some of the challenges
that this methodology still needs to face.Functional Quality of Digital Elevation Models in Engineering’ of the State Agency Research of SpainPID2019-106195RB- I00/AEI/10.13039/50110001103
Artificial Intelligence Based Classification for Urban Surface Water Modelling
Estimations and predictions of surface water runoff can provide very useful insights, regarding flood risks in urban areas. To automatically predict the flow behaviour of the rainfall-runoff water, in real-world satellite images, it is important to precisely identify permeable and impermeable areas. This identification indicates and helps to calculate the amount of surface water, by taking into account the amount of water being absorbed in a permeable area and what remains on the impermeable area. In this research, a model of surface water has been established, to predict the behavioural flow of rainfall-runoff water. This study employs a combination of image processing, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, for automatic segmentation and classification of permeable and impermeable areas, in satellite images. These techniques investigate the image classification approaches for classifying three land-use categories (roofs, roads, and pervious areas), commonly found in satellite images of the earth’s surface. Three different classification scenarios are investigated, to select the best classification model. The first scenario involves pixel by pixel classification of images, using Classification Tree and Random Forest classification techniques, in 2 different settings of sequential and parallel execution of algorithms. In the second classification scenario, the image is divided into objects, by using Superpixels (SLIC) segmentation method, while three kinds of feature sets are extracted from the segmented objects. The performance of eight different supervised machine learning classifiers is probed, using 5-fold cross-validation, for multiple SLIC values, while detailed performance comparisons lead to conclusions about the classification into different classes, regarding Object-based and Pixel-based classification schemes. Pareto analysis and Knee point selection are used to select SLIC value and the suitable type of classification, among the aforementioned two. Furthermore, a new diversity and weighted sum-based ensemble classification model, called ParetoEnsemble, is proposed, in this classification scenario. The weights are applied to selected component classifiers of an ensemble, creating a strong classifier, where classification is done based on multiple votes from candidate classifiers of the ensemble, as opposed to individual classifiers, where classification is done based on a single vote, from only one classifier. Unbalanced and balanced data-based classification results are also evaluated, to determine the most suitable mode, for satellite image classifications, in this study. Convolutional Neural Networks, based on semantic segmentation, are also employed in the classification phase, as a third scenario, to evaluate the strength of deep learning model SegNet, in the classification of satellite imaging. The best results, from the three classification scenarios, are compared and the best classification method, among the three scenarios, is used in the next phase of water modelling, with the InfoWorks ICM software, to explore the potential of modelling process, regarding a partially automated surface water network. By using the parameter settings, with a specified amount of simulated rain falling, onto the imaged area, the amount of surface water flow is estimated, to get predictions about runoff situations in urban areas, since runoff, in such a situation, can be high enough to pose a dangerous flood risk. The area of Feock, in Cornwall, is used as a simulation area of study, in this research, where some promising results have been derived, regarding classification and modelling of runoff. The correlation coefficient estimation, between classification and runoff accuracy, provides useful insight, regarding the dependence of runoff performance on classification performance. The trained system was tested on some unknown area images as well, demonstrating a reasonable performance, considering the training and classification limitations and conditions. Furthermore, in these unknown area images, reasonable estimations were derived, regarding surface water runoff. An analysis of unbalanced and balanced data-based classification and runoff estimations, for multiple parameter configurations, provides aid to the selection of classification and modelling parameter values, to be used in future unknown data predictions. This research is founded on the incorporation of satellite imaging into water modelling, using selective images for analysis and assessment of results. This system can be further improved, and runoff predictions of high precision can be better achieved, by adding more high-resolution images to the classifiers training. The added variety, to the trained model, can lead to an even better classification of any unknown image, which could eventually provide better modelling and better insights into surface water modelling. Moreover, the modelling phase can be extended, in future research, to deal with real-time parameters, by calibrating the model, after the classification phase, in order to observe the impact of classification on the actual calibration
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