20 research outputs found

    Una investigación sobre arquitecturas que soportan la composición de servicios web semánticos: una revisión sistemática

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    En la actualidad muchas instituciones están migrando sus procesos de negocio de manera que se encuentren soportados por servicios web para facilitar la interoperabilidad con otras instrucciones y una mejor reutilización de sus componentes, sin embargo la manera sintáctica como se describen los servicios web en la actualidad presentan sus limitaciones cuando se desean hacer actividades automatizadas de descubrimiento, composición e invocación de los servicios web más convenientes. Estas limitaciones están siendo cubiertas con la combinación de conceptos de la web semántica y de los servicios web existentes dando lugar a los servicios web semánticos (SWS). Pero aún existen desafíos que deben resolverse tal como la composición de los servicios web semánticos, este problema se vuelven más críticos sobre todo en las instituciones financieras cuyos procesos de negocio están compuestos por más de un servicio. El objetivo de este trabajo es llenar ese vacío mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura existente acerca de las arquitecturas planteadas en la composición de servicios web semánticos. Este documento tiene tres propósitos: en primer lugar, proponer una definición y discusión de las arquitecturas de servicios web compuestos, obtener una clasificación de las arquitecturas en base a sus componentes. En base a clasificación, se identifican y discuten necesidades de investigación futuras.Tesi

    A framework for semi-automated software evolution analysis composition

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    Software evolution data stored in repositories such as version control, bug and issue tracking, or mailing lists is crucial to better understand a software system and assess its quality. A myriad of analyses exploiting such data have been proposed throughout the years. However, easy and straight forward synergies between these analyses rarely exist. To tackle this problem we have investigated the concept of Software Analysis as a Service and devised SOFAS, a distributed and collaborative software evolution analysis platform. Software analyses are offered as services that can be accessed, composed into workflows, and executed over the Internet. This paper presents our framework for composing these analyses into workflows, consisting of a custom-made modeling language and a composition infrastructure for the service offerings. The framework exploits the RESTful nature of our analysis service architecture and comes with a service composer to enable semi-automated service compositions by a user. We validate our framework by showcasing two different approaches built on top of it that support different stakeholders in gaining a deeper insight into a project history and evolution. As a result, our framework has shown its applicability to deliver diverse, complex analyses across system and tool boundarie

    Orchestration de web services fiables

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    L’Informatique Orienté Services représente un paradigme pour construire des applications distribuées sur Internet. L’Architecture Orientée Services(SOA) est un style architectural qui permet le développement de ces applications à base de services. Au cours de la dernière décennie, l’orchestration des services Web est devenue un domaine très actif dans la recherche scientifique et académique. Bien que de nombreux défis liés à l’orchestration aient été abordés, la fiabilité de l’orchestration et de sa vérification restent encore un sujet ouvert, prérequis et important de fait que ces orchestrations affectent aujourd’hui plusieurs activités quotidiennes. Cette thèse focalise sur le sujet d’orchestration des Services Web Fiables. En particulier, elle contribue avec un ensemble d’approches, de techniques et d’outils pour améliorer la sélection et l’orchestration des services web fiables. Premièrement, elle affine les phases du cycle de vie d’orchestration de services web afin d’assurer une vérification continuée de fiabilité lors des phases de conception et d’exécution. En outre, elle propose une architecture conceptuelle basée sur un registre de service amélioré, pour la mise en œuvre d’orchestrations fiables. Deuxièmement, elle présente une approche de mesure de similarité entre les services web. L’approche repose sur la comparaison des interfaces WSDL de services. L’approche sert à identifier les relations de similarité, de substituabilité et de composabilité entre services. L’outil WSSIM a été développé pour mettre en œuvre l’approche proposée. Pour validation, l’outil a été expérimenté avec un ensemble important de services web réels. Troisièmement, la thèse contribue avec une approche pour l’identification des substituts de services simples et complexes. L’approche utilise les techniques de mesure de similarité, la classification de service avec FCA et l’analyse de fiabilité pour identifier et sélectionner les meilleures substitutes. Un ensemble d’algorithmes aient été proposés pour décrire le processus d’identification. Quatrièmement, pour examiner la réputation des services comme un autre critère de fiabilité, la thèse introduit un Framework et un modèle mathématique pour la gestion de réputation de service We

    Composition dynamique de services sensibles au contexte dans les systèmes intelligents ambiants

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    With the appearance of the paradigms of the ambient intelligence and ubiquitaire robotics, we attend the emergence of new ambient intelligent systems to create and manage environments or intelligent ecosystems in a intuitive and transparent way. These environments are intelligent spaces characterized in particular by the opening, the heterogeneousness, the uncertainty and the dynamicité of the entities which establish(constitute) them. These characteristics so lift(raise) considerable scientific challenges for the conception(design) and the implementation of an adequate intelligent system. These challenges are mainly among five: the abstraction of the representation of the heterogeneous entities, the management of the uncertainties, the reactivity in the events, the sensibility in the context and the auto-adaptationAvec l'apparition des paradigmes de l'intelligence ambiante et de la robotique ubiquitaire, on assiste à l'émergence de nouveaux systèmes intelligents ambiants visant à créer et gérer des environnements ou écosystèmes intelligents d'une façon intuitive et transparente. Ces environnements sont des espaces intelligents caractérisés notamment par l'ouverture, l'hétérogénéité, l'incertitude et la dynamicité des entités qui les constituent. Ces caractéristiques soulèvent ainsi des défis scientifiques considérables pour la conception et la mise en œuvre d'un système intelligent adéquat. Ces défis sont principalement au nombre de cinq : l'abstraction de la représentation des entités hétérogènes, la gestion des incertitudes, la réactivité aux événements, la sensibilité au contexte et l'auto-adaptation face aux changements imprévisibles qui se produisent dans l'environnement ambiant. L'approche par composition dynamique de services constitue l'une des réponses prometteuses à ces défis. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un système intelligent capable d'effectuer une composition dynamique de services en tenant compte, d'une part, du contexte d'utilisation et des diverses fonctionnalités offertes par les services disponibles dans un environnement ambiant et d'autre part, des besoins variables exprimés par les utilisateurs. Ce système est construit suivant un modèle multicouche, adaptatif et réactif aux événements. Il repose aussi sur l'emploi d'un modèle de connaissances expressif permettant une ouverture plus large vers les différentes entités de l'environnement ambiant notamment : les dispositifs, les services, les événements, le contexte et les utilisateurs. Ce système intègre également un modèle de découverte et de classification de services afin de localiser et de préparer sémantiquement les services nécessaires à la composition de services. Cette composition est réalisée d'une façon automatique et dynamique en deux phases principales: la phase offline et la phase online. Dans la phase offline, un graphe global reliant tous les services abstraits disponibles est généré automatiquement en se basant sur des règles de décision sur les entrées et les sorties des services. Dans la phase online, des sous-graphes sont extraits automatiquement à partir du graphe global selon les tâches à réaliser qui sont déclenchées par des événements qui surviennent dans l'environnement ambiant. Les sous-graphes ainsi obtenus sont exécutés suivant un modèle de sélection et de monitoring de services pour tenir compte du contexte d'utilisation et garantir une meilleure qualité de service. Les différents modèles proposés ont été mis en œuvre et validés sur la plateforme ubiquitaire d'expérimentation du laboratoire LISSI à partir de plusieurs scénarii d'assistance et de maintien de personnes à domicil

    Knowledge-base and techniques for effective service-oriented programming & management of hybrid processes

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    Recent advances in Web 2.0, SOA, crowd-sourcing, social and collaboration technologies, as well as cloud-computing, have truly transformed the Internet into a global development and deployment platform. As a result, developers have been presented with ubiquitous access to countless Web-services, resources and tools. However, while enabling tremendous automation and reuse opportunities, new productivity challenges have also emerged: The exploitation of services and resources nonetheless requires skilled programmers and a development-centric approach; it is thus inevitably susceptible to the same repetitive, error-prone and time consuming integration work each time a developer integrates a new API. Business Process Management on the other hand were proposed to support service-based integration. It provided the benefit of automation and modelling, which appealed to non-technical domain-experts. The problem however: it proves too rigid for unstructured processes. Thus, without this level of support, building new application either requires extensive manual programming or resorting to homebrew solutions. Alternatively, with the proliferation of SaaS, various such tools could be used for independent portions of the overall process - although this either presupposes conforming to the in-built process, or results in "shadow processes" via use of e-mail or the like, in order to exchange information and share decisions. There has therefore been an inevitable gap in technological support between structured and unstructured processes. To address these challenges, this thesis deals with transitioning process-support from structured to unstructured. We have been motivated to harness the foundational capabilities of BPM for its application to unstructured processes. We propose to achieve this by: First, addressing the productivity challenges of Web-services integration - simplifying this process - whilst encouraging an incremental curation and collective reuse approach. We then extend this to propose an innovative Hybrid-Process Management Platform that holistically combines structured, semi-structured and unstructured activities, based on a unified task-model that encapsulates a spectrum of process specificity. We have thus aimed to bridge the current lacking technology gap. The approach presented has been exposed as service-based libraries and tools. Whereby, we have devised several use-case scenarios and conducted user-studies in order to evaluate the overall effectiveness of our proposed work

    SERVICE-BASED AUTOMATION OF SOFTWARE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

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    The reuse of software units, such as classes, components and services require professional knowledge to be performed. Today a multiplicity of different software unit technologies, supporting tools, and related activities used in reuse processes exist. Each of these relevant reuse elements may also include a high number of variations and may differ in the level and quality of necessary reuse knowledge. In such an environment of increasing variations and, therefore, an increasing need for knowledge, software engineers must obtain such knowledge to be able to perform software unit reuse activities. Today many different reuse activities exist for a software unit. Some typical knowledge intensive activities are: transformation, integration, and deployment. In addition to the problem of the amount of knowledge required for such activities, other difficulties also exist. The global industrial environment makes it challenging to identify sources of, and access to, knowledge. Typically, such sources (e.g., repositories) are made to search and retrieve information about software unitsand not about the required reuse activity knowledge for a special unit. Additionally, the knowledge has to be learned by inexperienced software engineers and, therefore, to be interpreted. This interpretation may lead to variations in the reuse result and can differ from the estimated result of the knowledge creator. This makes it difficult to exchange knowledge between software engineers or global teams. Additionally, the reuse results of reuse activities have to be repeatable and sustainable. In such a scenario, the knowledge about software reuse activities has to be exchanged without the above mentioned problems by an inexperienced software engineer. The literature shows a lack of techniques to store and subsequently distribute relevant reuse activity knowledge among software engineers. The central aim of this thesis is to enable inexperienced software engineers to use knowledge required to perform reuse activities without experiencing the aforementioned problems. The reuse activities: transformation, integration, and deployment, have been selected as the foundation for the research. Based on the construction level of handling a software unit, these activities are called Software Construction Activities (SCAcs) throughout the research. To achieve the aim, specialised software construction activity models have been created and combined with an abstract software unit model. As a result, different SCAc knowledge is described and combined with different software unit artefacts needed by the SCAcs. Additionally, the management (e.g., the execution of an SCAc) will be provided in a service-oriented environment. Because of the focus on reuse activities, an approach which avoids changing the knowledge level of software engineers and the abstraction view on software units and activities, the object of the investigation differs from other approaches which aim to solve the insufficient reuse activity knowledge problem. The research devised novel abstraction models to describe SCAcs as knowledge models related to the relevant information of software units. The models and the focused environment have been created using standard technologies. As a result, these were realised easily in a real world environment. Softwareengineers were able to perform single SCAcs without having previously acquired the necessary knowledge. The risk of failing reuse decreases because single activities can be performed. The analysis of the research results is based on a case study. An example of a reuse environmenthas been created and tested in a case study to prove the operational capability of the approach. The main result of the research is a proven concept enabling inexperienced software engineers to reuse software units by reusing SCAcs. The research shows the reduction in time for reuse and a decrease of learning effort is significant

    Service-oriented architecture for device lifecycle support in industrial automation

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    Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores Especialidade: Robótica e Manufactura IntegradaThis thesis addresses the device lifecycle support thematic in the scope of service oriented industrial automation domain. This domain is known for its plethora of heterogeneous equipment encompassing distinct functions, form factors, network interfaces, or I/O specifications supported by dissimilar software and hardware platforms. There is then an evident and crescent need to take every device into account and improve the agility performance during setup, control, management, monitoring and diagnosis phases. Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm is currently a widely endorsed approach for both business and enterprise systems integration. SOA concepts and technology are continuously spreading along the layers of the enterprise organization envisioning a unified interoperability solution. SOA promotes discoverability, loose coupling, abstraction, autonomy and composition of services relying on open web standards – features that can provide an important contribution to the industrial automation domain. The present work seized industrial automation device level requirements, constraints and needs to determine how and where can SOA be employed to solve some of the existent difficulties. Supported by these outcomes, a reference architecture shaped by distributed, adaptive and composable modules is proposed. This architecture will assist and ease the role of systems integrators during reengineering-related interventions throughout system lifecycle. In a converging direction, the present work also proposes a serviceoriented device model to support previous architecture vision and goals by including embedded added-value in terms of service-oriented peer-to-peer discovery and identification, configuration, management, as well as agile customization of device resources. In this context, the implementation and validation work proved not simply the feasibility and fitness of the proposed solution to two distinct test-benches but also its relevance to the expanding domain of SOA applications to support device lifecycle in the industrial automation domain

    An Investigation into Dynamic Web Service Composition Using a Simulation Framework

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    [Motivation] Web Services technology has emerged as a promising solution for creat- ing distributed systems with the potential to overcome the limitation of former distrib- uted system technologies. Web services provide a platform-independent framework that enables companies to run their business services over the internet. Therefore, many techniques and tools are being developed to create business to business/business to customer applications. In particular, researchers are exploring ways to build new services from existing services by dynamically composing services from a range of resources. [Aim] This thesis aims to identify the technologies and strategies cur- rently being explored for organising the dynamic composition of Web services, and to determine how extensively each of these has been demonstrated and assessed. In addition, the thesis will study the matchmaking and selection processes which are essential processes for Web service composition. [Research Method] We under- took a mapping study of empirical papers that had been published over the period 2000 to 2009. The aim of the mapping study was to identify the technologies and strategies currently being explored for organising the composition of Web services, and to determine how extensively each of these has been demonstrated and assessed. We then built a simulation framework to carry out some experiments on composition strategies. The rst experiment compared the results of a close replication of an ex- isting study with the original results in order to evaluate our close replication study. The simulation framework was then used to investigate the use of a QoS model for supporting the selection process, comparing this with the ranking technique in terms of their performance. [Results] The mapping study found 1172 papers that matched our search terms, from which 94 were classied as providing practical demonstration of ideas related to dynamic composition. We have analysed 68 of these in more detail. Only 29 provided a `formal' empirical evaluation. From these, we selected a `baseline' study to test our simulation model. Running the experiments using simulated data- sets have shown that in the rst experiment the results of the close replication study and the original study were similar in terms of their prole. In the second experiment, the results demonstrated that the QoS model was better than the ranking mechanism in terms of selecting a composite plan that has highest quality score. [Conclusions] No one approach to service composition seemed to meet all needs, but a number has been investigated more. The similarity between the results of the close replication and the original study showed the validity of our simulation framework and a proof that the results of the original study can be replicated. Using the simulation it was demonstrated that the performance of the QoS model was better than the ranking mechanism in terms of the overall quality for a selected plan. The overall objectives of this research are to develop a generic life-cycle model for Web service composition from a mapping study of the literature. This was then used to run simulations to replicate studies on matchmaking and compare selection methods

    J-model: an open and social ensemble learning architecture for classification

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    Ensemble learning is a promising direction of research in machine learning, in which an ensemble classifier gives better predictive and more robust performance for classification problems by combining other learners. Meanwhile agent-based systems provide frameworks to share knowledge from multiple agents in an open context. This thesis combines multi-agent knowledge sharing with ensemble methods to produce a new style of learning system for open environments. We now are surrounded by many smart objects such as wireless sensors, ambient communication devices, mobile medical devices and even information supplied via other humans. When we coordinate smart objects properly, we can produce a form of collective intelligence from their collaboration. Traditional ensemble methods and agent-based systems have complementary advantages and disadvantages in this context. Traditional ensemble methods show better classification performance, while agent-based systems might not guarantee their performance for classification. Traditional ensemble methods work as closed and centralised systems (so they cannot handle classifiers in an open context), while agent-based systems are natural vehicles for classifiers in an open context. We designed an open and social ensemble learning architecture, named J-model, to merge the conflicting benefits of the two research domains. The J-model architecture is based on a service choreography approach for coordinating classifiers. Coordination protocols are defined by interaction models that describe how classifiers will interact with one another in a peer-to-peer manner. The peer ranking algorithm recommends more appropriate classifiers to participate in an interaction model to boost the success rate of results of their interactions. Coordinated participant classifiers who are recommended by the peer ranking algorithm become an ensemble classifier within J-model. We evaluated J-model’s classification performance with 13 UCI machine learning benchmark data sets and a virtual screening problem as a realistic classification problem. J-model showed better performance of accuracy, for 9 benchmark sets out of 13 data sets, than 8 other representative traditional ensemble methods. J-model gave better results of specificity for 7 benchmark sets. In the virtual screening problem, J-model gave better results for 12 out of 16 bioassays than already published results. We defined different interaction models for each specific classification task and the peer ranking algorithm was used across all the interaction models. Our research contributions to knowledge are as follows. First, we showed that service choreography can be an effective ensemble coordination method for classifiers in an open context. Second, we used interaction models that implement task specific coordinations of classifiers to solve a variety of representative classification problems. Third, we designed the peer ranking algorithm which is generally and independently applicable to the task of recommending appropriate member classifiers from a classifier pool based on an open pool of interaction models and classifiers
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