Multimodal Biometrics Enhancement Recognition System based on Fusion of Fingerprint and PalmPrint: A Review

This article is an overview of a current multimodal biometrics research based on fingerprint and palm-print. It explains the pervious study for each modal separately and its fusion technique with another biometric modal. The basic biometric system consists of four stages: firstly, the sensor which is used for enrolmen

固定パラメータ問題に対する高速算法に基づく計算困難問題の解決

金沢大学 / 北陸先端科学技術大学院大学本研究の目的は、最近の計算機環境の下で固定パラメータ問題を高速に解決するための方法論を確立することである。そのために、単なるプログラムテクニックとして解析に反映されなかった側面を数学的に厳密に評価し、従来の解析方法とは全く異なる立場から計算の効率評価を行うことであった。今年度は、トライセクター曲線に関する研究に時間を割いた.平面上に与えられた2点に対する2等分線は容易に計算できるが,2点間に等距離の曲線を描くのは困難である.正確には,任意の精度で近似解を得ることはできるが,正確に曲線上の点を求めることは不可能(代数的でない)であることが予想される.本研究では,そのような曲線が常に存在し,ユニークに定まることを数学的にかつ構成的に証明した.それ以外にも様々な興味深い構造的な性質を明らかにした.この研究の成果は,5月に開かれた理論計算機科学では最高峰の国際会議であるSTOCにおいて発表すると共に,Advances in Mathematicsという数学ではトップクラスのジャーナルにも論文を発表した.非常に基本的な問題でありながら,これまでに全く類似の研究がなかったということはむしろ驚きである.計算幾何学においてボロノイ図は重要な研究課題のひとつである.本研究では,従来のボロノイ図の概念を一般化して,三角形に関する評価尺度に基づいた様々なボロノイ図を定義したが,特に角度ボロノイ図に興味をもち,その構造と複雑さに関する研究を行った.具体的には,線分の集合が与えられたとき,どの線分に対して定義される視角が最も小さいかという関係で平面を分割したものである.この研究では,角度ボロノイ図が通常のボロノイ図と極めて異なる性質をもつことを証明し,さらに最小の視角を最大にする点を効率よく求めるためのアルゴリズムを示している.この結果にっいては,7月に開かれたボロノイ図に関する国際ワークショップにおいて報告した.現在は,そのジャーナルバージョンを執筆中であり,近い将来にジャーナル誌に投稿をする予定である.The purpose of this research is to establish methodology for solving fixed parameter problems in an efficient way under latest computer environment. For the purpose we mathematically evaluate some aspects of programming which has not been reflected to analysis as just simple programming techniques and then analyze computational performance from a completely different standpoint from the existing ones.In this year we spent much time for the study of distance trisector curves. Given two points in the plane, it is easy to draw perpendicular bisector, but it is hard to draw two curves equidistant from each other. More exactly, we can approximate points on the curves at any precision, but it is impossible to compute their coordinates exactly without any error. In fact we conjecture that the curves are non-algebraic. In this research we proved that such curves exist and they are unique, mathematically in a constructive manner. We also found many interesting properties of the curves. The resu lts were presented at an international symposium STOC, one of the top conference in the world in this area and also published in a top mathematical journal, Advances in Mathematics. It is rather surprising that it is quite simple and fundamental problem while there is no study on the curves. We also applied the idea to Voronoi diagrams, which is one of the most important research topics in computational geometry. In this research we defined various Voronoi diagrams based on criteria on goodness of triangles by generalizing the traditional Voronoi diagrams. More concretely, given a set of line segments in the plane, an angular Voronoi diagram is a partition of the plane into regions by the relation on which line segment gives the smallest visual angle. We have shown that this Voronoi diagram has properties which are quite different from those of the exisiting ones. We also gave an efficient algorithm for finding a point that maximizes the smallest visual angle. The results were presented at an international symposium on Voronoi diagrams We are now preparing journal version of those papers to submit them to international journals.研究課題/領域番号:15300003, 研究期間(年度):2003 - 2006出典：「固定パラメータ問題に対する高速算法に基づく計算困難問題の解決」研究成果報告書　課題番号15300003（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15300003/153000032006kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/）を加工して作

幾つかの画像関連問題の計算複雑度の解析と効率的な解決法の提案

金沢大学 / 北陸先端科学技術大学院大学研究課題/領域番号:16092209, 研究期間(年度):2004 - 2007出典：「幾つかの画像関連問題の計算複雑度の解析と効率的な解決法の提案」研究成果報告書　課題番号16092209（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16092209/）を加工して作

Improved methods for finger vein identification using composite median-wiener filter and hierarchical centroid features extraction

Finger vein identification is a potential new area in biometric systems. Finger vein patterns contain highly discriminative characteristics, which are difficult to be forged because they reside underneath the skin of the finger and require a specific device to capture them. Research have been carried out in this field but there is still an unresolved issue related to low-quality data due to data capturing and processing. Low-quality data have caused errors in the feature extraction process and reduced identification performance rate in finger vein identification. To address this issue, a new image enhancement and feature extraction methods were developed to improve finger vein identification. The image enhancement, Composite Median-Wiener (CMW) filter would improve image quality and preserve the edges of the finger vein image. Next, the feature extraction method, Hierarchical Centroid Feature Method (HCM) was fused with statistical pixel-based distribution feature method at the feature-level fusion to improve the performance of finger vein identification. These methods were evaluated on public SDUMLA-HMT and FV-USM finger vein databases. Each database was divided into training and testing sets. The average result of the experiments conducted was taken to ensure the accuracy of the measurements. The k-Nearest Neighbor classifier with city block distance to match the features was implemented. Both these methods produced accuracy as high as 97.64% for identification rate and 1.11% of equal error rate (EER) for measures verification rate. These showed that the accuracy of the proposed finger vein identification method is higher than the one reported in the literature. As a conclusion, the results have proven that the CMW filter and HCM have significantly improved the accuracy of finger vein identification

Recent Application in Biometrics

In the recent years, a number of recognition and authentication systems based on biometric measurements have been proposed. Algorithms and sensors have been developed to acquire and process many different biometric traits. Moreover, the biometric technology is being used in novel ways, with potential commercial and practical implications to our daily activities. The key objective of the book is to provide a collection of comprehensive references on some recent theoretical development as well as novel applications in biometrics. The topics covered in this book reflect well both aspects of development. They include biometric sample quality, privacy preserving and cancellable biometrics, contactless biometrics, novel and unconventional biometrics, and the technical challenges in implementing the technology in portable devices. The book consists of 15 chapters. It is divided into four sections, namely, biometric applications on mobile platforms, cancelable biometrics, biometric encryption, and other applications. The book was reviewed by editors Dr. Jucheng Yang and Dr. Norman Poh. We deeply appreciate the efforts of our guest editors: Dr. Girija Chetty, Dr. Loris Nanni, Dr. Jianjiang Feng, Dr. Dongsun Park and Dr. Sook Yoon, as well as a number of anonymous reviewers

Score Fusion Using Hybrid Bacterial Foraging Optimization And Particle Swarm Optimization (Bfo-Pso) For Hand-Based Multimodal Biometrics

In recent times of biometric authentication, the influence of swarm intelligence algorithms role-played in enhancing the performance accuracy to a greater extent. Most researches related to Swarm Intelligence (SI) algorithms have done on the particular, due to the need to integrate more than one SI algorithm for better results. Therefore, this research is focused on the hand-based multimodal biometric score fusion which incorporates the scores of hand-based multimodalities and the optimal weights using Hybrid Bacterial Foraging - Particle Swarm Optimization (HBF-PSO) algorithm

Face recognition by means of advanced contributions in machine learning

Face recognition (FR) has been extensively studied, due to both scientific fundamental challenges and current and potential applications where human identification is needed. FR systems have the benefits of their non intrusiveness, low cost of equipments and no useragreement requirements when doing acquisition, among the most important ones. Nevertheless, despite the progress made in last years and the different solutions proposed, FR performance is not yet satisfactory when more demanding conditions are required (different viewpoints, blocked effects, illumination changes, strong lighting states, etc). Particularly, the effect of such non-controlled lighting conditions on face images leads to one of the strongest distortions in facial appearance. This dissertation addresses the problem of FR when dealing with less constrained illumination situations. In order to approach the problem, a new multi-session and multi-spectral face database has been acquired in visible, Near-infrared (NIR) and Thermal infrared (TIR) spectra, under different lighting conditions. A theoretical analysis using information theory to demonstrate the complementarities between different spectral bands have been firstly carried out. The optimal exploitation of the information provided by the set of multispectral images has been subsequently addressed by using multimodal matching score fusion techniques that efficiently synthesize complementary meaningful information among different spectra. Due to peculiarities in thermal images, a specific face segmentation algorithm has been required and developed. In the final proposed system, the Discrete Cosine Transform as dimensionality reduction tool and a fractional distance for matching were used, so that the cost in processing time and memory was significantly reduced. Prior to this classification task, a selection of the relevant frequency bands is proposed in order to optimize the overall system, based on identifying and maximizing independence relations by means of discriminability criteria. The system has been extensively evaluated on the multispectral face database specifically performed for our purpose. On this regard, a new visualization procedure has been suggested in order to combine different bands for establishing valid comparisons and giving statistical information about the significance of the results. This experimental framework has more easily enabled the improvement of robustness against training and testing illumination mismatch. Additionally, focusing problem in thermal spectrum has been also addressed, firstly, for the more general case of the thermal images (or thermograms), and then for the case of facialthermograms from both theoretical and practical point of view. In order to analyze the quality of such facial thermograms degraded by blurring, an appropriate algorithm has been successfully developed. Experimental results strongly support the proposed multispectral facial image fusion, achieving very high performance in several conditions. These results represent a new advance in providing a robust matching across changes in illumination, further inspiring highly accurate FR approaches in practical scenarios.El reconeixement facial (FR) ha estat àmpliament estudiat, degut tant als reptes fonamentals científics que suposa com a les aplicacions actuals i futures on requereix la identificació de les persones. Els sistemes de reconeixement facial tenen els avantatges de ser no intrusius,presentar un baix cost dels equips d’adquisició i no la no necessitat d’autorització per part de l’individu a l’hora de realitzar l'adquisició, entre les més importants. De totes maneres i malgrat els avenços aconseguits en els darrers anys i les diferents solucions proposades, el rendiment del FR encara no resulta satisfactori quan es requereixen condicions més exigents (diferents punts de vista, efectes de bloqueig, canvis en la il·luminació, condicions de llum extremes, etc.). Concretament, l'efecte d'aquestes variacions no controlades en les condicions d'il·luminació sobre les imatges facials condueix a una de les distorsions més accentuades sobre l'aparença facial. Aquesta tesi aborda el problema del FR en condicions d'il·luminació menys restringides. Per tal d'abordar el problema, hem adquirit una nova base de dades de cara multisessió i multiespectral en l'espectre infraroig visible, infraroig proper (NIR) i tèrmic (TIR), sota diferents condicions d'il·luminació. En primer lloc s'ha dut a terme una anàlisi teòrica utilitzant la teoria de la informació per demostrar la complementarietat entre les diferents bandes espectrals objecte d’estudi. L'òptim aprofitament de la informació proporcionada pel conjunt d'imatges multiespectrals s'ha abordat posteriorment mitjançant l'ús de tècniques de fusió de puntuació multimodals, capaces de sintetitzar de manera eficient el conjunt d’informació significativa complementària entre els diferents espectres. A causa de les característiques particulars de les imatges tèrmiques, s’ha requerit del desenvolupament d’un algorisme específic per la segmentació de les mateixes. En el sistema proposat final, s’ha utilitzat com a eina de reducció de la dimensionalitat de les imatges, la Transformada del Cosinus Discreta i una distància fraccional per realitzar les tasques de classificació de manera que el cost en temps de processament i de memòria es va reduir de forma significa. Prèviament a aquesta tasca de classificació, es proposa una selecció de les bandes de freqüències més rellevants, basat en la identificació i la maximització de les relacions d'independència per mitjà de criteris discriminabilitat, per tal d'optimitzar el conjunt del sistema. El sistema ha estat àmpliament avaluat sobre la base de dades de cara multiespectral, desenvolupada pel nostre propòsit. En aquest sentit s'ha suggerit l’ús d’un nou procediment de visualització per combinar diferents bandes per poder establir comparacions vàlides i donar informació estadística sobre el significat dels resultats. Aquest marc experimental ha permès més fàcilment la millora de la robustesa quan les condicions d’il·luminació eren diferents entre els processos d’entrament i test. De forma complementària, s’ha tractat la problemàtica de l’enfocament de les imatges en l'espectre tèrmic, en primer lloc, pel cas general de les imatges tèrmiques (o termogrames) i posteriorment pel cas concret dels termogrames facials, des dels punt de vista tant teòric com pràctic. En aquest sentit i per tal d'analitzar la qualitat d’aquests termogrames facials degradats per efectes de desenfocament, s'ha desenvolupat un últim algorisme. Els resultats experimentals recolzen fermament que la fusió d'imatges facials multiespectrals proposada assoleix un rendiment molt alt en diverses condicions d’il·luminació. Aquests resultats representen un nou avenç en l’aportació de solucions robustes quan es contemplen canvis en la il·luminació, i esperen poder inspirar a futures implementacions de sistemes de reconeixement facial precisos en escenaris no controlats.Postprint (published version

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2014, nr 4

kwartalni

Eyes-Free Vision-Based Scanning of Aligned Barcodes and Information Extraction from Aligned Nutrition Tables

Visually impaired (VI) individuals struggle with grocery shopping and have to rely on either friends, family or grocery store associates for shopping. ShopMobile 2 is a proof-of-concept system that allows VI shoppers to shop independently in a grocery store using only their smartphone. Unlike other assistive shopping systems that use dedicated hardware, this system is a software only solution that relies on fast computer vision algorithms. It consists of three modules - an eyes free barcode scanner, an optical character recognition (OCR) module, and a tele-assistance module. The eyes-free barcode scanner allows VI shoppers to locate and retrieve products by scanning barcodes on shelves and on products. The OCR module allows shoppers to read nutrition facts on products and the tele-assistance module allows them to obtain help from sighted individuals at remote locations. This dissertation discusses, provides implementations of, and presents laboratory and real-world experiments related to all three modules