3,851 research outputs found
A case study on regularity in cellular network deployment
This paper aims to validate the -Ginibre point process as a model for
the distribution of base station locations in a cellular network. The
-Ginibre is a repulsive point process in which repulsion is controlled
by the parameter. When tends to zero, the point process
converges in law towards a Poisson point process. If equals to one it
becomes a Ginibre point process. Simulations on real data collected in Paris
(France) show that base station locations can be fitted with a -Ginibre
point process. Moreover we prove that their superposition tends to a Poisson
point process as it can be seen from real data. Qualitative interpretations on
deployment strategies are derived from the model fitting of the raw data
Large-scale Spatial Distribution Identification of Base Stations in Cellular Networks
The performance of cellular system significantly depends on its network
topology, where the spatial deployment of base stations (BSs) plays a key role
in the downlink scenario. Moreover, cellular networks are undergoing a
heterogeneous evolution, which introduces unplanned deployment of smaller BSs,
thus complicating the performance evaluation even further. In this paper, based
on large amount of real BS locations data, we present a comprehensive analysis
on the spatial modeling of cellular network structure. Unlike the related
works, we divide the BSs into different subsets according to geographical
factor (e.g. urban or rural) and functional type (e.g. macrocells or
microcells), and perform detailed spatial analysis to each subset. After
examining the accuracy of Poisson point process (PPP) in BS locations modeling,
we take into account the Gibbs point processes as well as Neyman-Scott point
processes and compare their accuracy in view of large-scale modeling test.
Finally, we declare the inaccuracy of the PPP model, and reveal the general
clustering nature of BSs deployment, which distinctly violates the traditional
assumption. This paper carries out a first large-scale identification regarding
available literatures, and provides more realistic and more general results to
contribute to the performance analysis for the forthcoming heterogeneous
cellular networks
Characterizing Spatial Patterns of Base Stations in Cellular Networks
The topology of base stations (BSs) in cellular networks, serving as a basis
of networking performance analysis, is considered to be obviously distinctive
with the traditional hexagonal grid or square lattice model, thus stimulating a
fundamental rethinking. Recently, stochastic geometry based models, especially
the Poisson point process (PPP), attracts an ever-increasing popularity in
modeling BS deployment of cellular networks due to its merits of tractability
and capability for capturing nonuniformity. In this study, a detailed
comparison between common stochastic models and real BS locations is performed.
Results indicate that the PPP fails to precisely characterize either urban or
rural BS deployment. Furthermore, the topology of real data in both regions are
examined and distinguished by statistical methods according to the point
interaction trends they exhibit. By comparing the corresponding real data with
aggregative point process models as well as repulsive point process models, we
verify that the capacity-centric deployment in urban areas can be modeled by
typical aggregative processes such as the Matern cluster process, while the
coverage-centric deployment in rural areas can be modeled by representativ
Two-tier Spatial Modeling of Base Stations in Cellular Networks
Poisson Point Process (PPP) has been widely adopted as an efficient model for
the spatial distribution of base stations (BSs) in cellular networks. However,
real BSs deployment are rarely completely random, due to environmental impact
on actual site planning. Particularly, for multi-tier heterogeneous cellular
networks, operators have to place different BSs according to local coverage and
capacity requirement, and the diversity of BSs' functions may result in
different spatial patterns on each networking tier. In this paper, we consider
a two-tier scenario that consists of macrocell and microcell BSs in cellular
networks. By analyzing these two tiers separately and applying both classical
statistics and network performance as evaluation metrics, we obtain accurate
spatial model of BSs deployment for each tier. Basically, we verify the
inaccuracy of using PPP in BS locations modeling for either macrocells or
microcells. Specifically, we find that the first tier with macrocell BSs is
dispersed and can be precisely modelled by Strauss point process, while Matern
cluster process captures the second tier's aggregation nature very well. These
statistical models coincide with the inherent properties of macrocell and
microcell BSs respectively, thus providing a new perspective in understanding
the relationship between spatial structure and operational functions of BSs
Performance Analysis of Small Cells' Deployment under Imperfect Traffic Hotspot Localization
Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), long been considered in operators' roadmaps
for macrocells' network improvements, still continue to attract interest for 5G
network deployments. Understanding the efficiency of small cell deployment in
the presence of traffic hotspots can further draw operators' attention to this
feature. In this context, we evaluate the impact of imperfect small cell
positioning on the network performances. We show that the latter is mainly
impacted by the position of the hotspot within the cell: in case the hotspot is
near the macrocell, even a perfect positioning of the small cell will not yield
improved performance due to the interference coming from the macrocell. In the
case where the hotspot is located far enough from the macrocell, even a large
error in small cell positioning would still be beneficial in offloading traffic
from the congested macrocell.Comment: This article is already published in IEEE Global Communications
Conference (GLOBECOM) 201
Content Caching and Delivery over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Emerging heterogeneous wireless architectures consist of a dense deployment
of local-coverage wireless access points (APs) with high data rates, along with
sparsely-distributed, large-coverage macro-cell base stations (BS). We design a
coded caching-and-delivery scheme for such architectures that equips APs with
storage, enabling content pre-fetching prior to knowing user demands. Users
requesting content are served by connecting to local APs with cached content,
as well as by listening to a BS broadcast transmission. For any given content
popularity profile, the goal is to design the caching-and-delivery scheme so as
to optimally trade off the transmission cost at the BS against the storage cost
at the APs and the user cost of connecting to multiple APs. We design a coded
caching scheme for non-uniform content popularity that dynamically allocates
user access to APs based on requested content. We demonstrate the approximate
optimality of our scheme with respect to information-theoretic bounds. We
numerically evaluate it on a YouTube dataset and quantify the trade-off between
transmission rate, storage, and access cost. Our numerical results also suggest
the intriguing possibility that, to gain most of the benefits of coded caching,
it suffices to divide the content into a small number of popularity classes.Comment: A shorter version is to appear in IEEE INFOCOM 201
A Review of the Enviro-Net Project
Ecosystems monitoring is essential to properly understand their development
and the effects of events, both climatological and anthropological in nature.
The amount of data used in these assessments is increasing at very high rates.
This is due to increasing availability of sensing systems and the development
of new techniques to analyze sensor data. The Enviro-Net Project encompasses
several of such sensor system deployments across five countries in the
Americas. These deployments use a few different ground-based sensor systems,
installed at different heights monitoring the conditions in tropical dry
forests over long periods of time. This paper presents our experience in
deploying and maintaining these systems, retrieving and pre-processing the
data, and describes the Web portal developed to help with data management,
visualization and analysis.Comment: v2: 29 pages, 5 figures, reflects changes addressing reviewers'
comments v1: 38 pages, 8 figure
Addressing the 5G cell switch-off problem with a multi-objective cellular genetic algorithm
Š 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.The power consumption foreseen for 5G networks is expected to be substantially greater than that of 4G systems, mainly because of the ultra-dense deployments required to meet the upcoming traffic demands. This paper deals with a multi- objective formulation of the Cell Switch-Off (CSO) problem, a well-known and effective approach to save energy in such dense scenarios, which is addressed with an accurate, yet rather unknown multi-objective metaheuristic called MOCell (multi- objective cellular genetic algorithm). It has been evaluated over a different set of networks of increasing densification levels. The results have shown that MOCell is able to reach major energy savings when compared to a widely used multi-objective algorithm.TIN2016-75097-P
Universidad de MĂĄlaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucĂa Tech
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