Aromatherapy massage versus reflexology on female elderly with acute coronary syndrome

Author's accepted version (post-print).This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Bahrami, T., Rejeh, N., Heravi-Karimooi, M., Vaismoradi, M., Tadrisi, S.D. and Sieloff, C.L. (2017). Aromatherapy massage versus reflexology on female elderly with acute coronary syndrome. Nursing in Critical Care, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12302. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.acceptedVersio

Digital Rights Management and the Process of Fair Use

Producers of digital media works increasingly employ technological protection measures, commonly referred to as digital rights management (or DRM ) technologies, that prevent the works from being accessed or used except upon conditions the producers themselves specify. These technologies have come under criticism for interfering with the rights users enjoy under copyright law, including the right to engage in fair uses of the DRM-protected works. Most DRM mechanisms are not engineered to include exceptions for fair use, and user circumvention of the DRM may violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act even if the use for which the circumvention occurs is itself noninfringing. The academic literature on fair use in digital media has suggested several possible ways to resolve the tension between fair use on the one hand and DRM on the other. Among the more provocative possibilities is that DRM technologies themselves may evolve to incorporate greater built-in protections for end-user rights. This article examines several such proposals and finds that they are not likely to provide users with the same measure of protections for fair use of copyrighted works that exists in the offline world. The failure of these proposals, however, does not suggest that the broader goal of protecting fair use rights in digital media is unattainable. It is possible to advance much more closely towards that goal by altering the design philosophy of DRM technologies to focus more on the processes by which fair uses occur and less on attempting to replicate the substantive law of fair use in machine-administrable form. The article concludes by outlining one possible system engineered to protect the process of fair use

Notch pathway repression by vestigial is required to promote indirect flight muscle differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster

AbstractDrosophila dorsal longitudinal muscles develop during metamorphosis by fusion of myoblasts with larval templates. It has been shown that both vestigial and Notch are crucial for correct formation of these muscles. We investigated the relationship between vestigial and the Notch pathway during this process. Using Enhancer of Split Region Transcript m6 gene expression as a reporter of Notch pathway activity, we were able to demonstrate that this pathway is only active in myoblasts. Moreover, close examination of the cellular location of several of the main actors of the N pathway (Notch, Delta, neuralized, Serrate, Mind bomb1 and fringe) during dorsal longitudinal muscle development enabled us to find that Notch receptor can play multiple roles in adult myogenesis. We report that the locations of the two Notch ligands (Delta and Serrate) are different. Interestingly, we found that fringe, which encodes a glycosyltransferase that modifies the affinity of the Notch receptor for its ligands, is expressed in muscle fibers and in a subset of myoblasts. In addition, we demonstrate that fringe expression is essential for Notch pathway inhibition and muscle differentiation. Lastly, we report that, in vestigial mutants, fringe expression is lost, and when fringe is overexpressed, a significant rescue of indirect flight muscle degeneration is obtained. Altogether, our data show that a vestigial-differentiating function is achieved through the inhibition of the Notch pathway

Towards a simulation interoperability framework between an agent-based simulator and a BPMN engine using REST protocol

O paradigma atual de um modelo de processo de negócio é que é uma representação de uma sequência de tarefas que atuam sobre um “input” de dados, para produzir uma “output”, visando a produção de um novo serviço ou produto. Embora esta seja uma forma válida de interpretar um processo de negócio, ela não considera em pormenor a influência de fenómenos externos, por exemplo, comportamento humano, comunicação, interações sociais, a cultura organizacional que pode ter um efeito significativo na eficiência um processo de negócio. Como a dinâmica destes fenómenos externos não é linear, eles podem ser interpretados como um sistema complexo, que são sistemas que se comportam de tal forma que não podem ser explicados simplesmente olhando para o comportamento das suas partes individuais. Esta forma holística de pensar sobre os processos de negócio abre as portas à possibilidade de combinar diferentes métodos de simulação para modelar diferentes aspetos que influenciam um processo. A simulação baseada em agentes (ABS) e BPMN são escolhidas como os dois métodos de simulação para estudar o potencial dessa integração em processos de negócio, e a nossa abordagem para os combinar consiste em modelar o comportamento do utilizador em ABS e o próprio processo de negócio utilizando o BPMN. Por fim, a integração entre os dois motores de simulação acontece durante o decurso da simulação através da invocação de APIs usando o protocolo REST, onde os agentes controlam a dinâmica de execução do processo no BPMN. Esta abordagem de integração é validada através da construção de uma experiência, com o objetivo de determinar se os resultados de simulação obtidos são estatisticamente coerentesThe current paradigm of a business process model is that it is a representation of a sequence of tasks that act upon some data input, to produce an output, aiming the production of a new service or product to be delivered from a producer to a customer. Although this is a valid way of thinking, it neglects to consider in enough detail the influence of some phenomenon on inputs, e.g. human behaviour, communication, social interactions, the organisational culture which can have a significant effect on the output delivered by a business process. As the dynamics of these phenomena are non-linear, they can be interpreted as a complex system. This holistic way of thinking about business processes opens the doors to the possibility of combining different simulation methods to model different aspects that influence a process. A BPMN engine and an agent-based simulation (ABS) engine are chosen to serve the basis of our framework. In its conception, we not only consider the technical aspects of the framework but also delve into exploring its management and organizational dimensions, with the intent of facilitating its adoption in enterprises, as a tool to support decision support systems. We analyse how accurate the simulation results can be when using these two tools as well as what considerations need to be considered within organizations

George W. Bush, the American Press, and the Initial Framing of the War on Terror after 9/11

President George W. Bush\u27s speech to the General Assembly of the United Nations on November I 0, 200 I, marks an important moment in the history of the War on Terror. 1 It followed closely upon the joint U.S.-Northern Alliance military capture of Mazari Sarif, Afghanistan, which significantly disrupted the Taliban\u27s operations and arguably marked the official beginning of America\u27s War on Terror. As President Bush stated, The time for sympathy has now passed; the time for action has now arrived. 2 In some ways, the speech offered nothing new. It reiterated words and ideas that the president frequently used to label elements of the situation following the 9/11 attacks

A methodology for the selection of a paradigm of reasoning under uncertainty in expert system development

The aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology for the selection of a paradigm of reasoning under uncertainty for the expert system developer. This is important since practical information on how to select a paradigm of reasoning under uncertainty is not generally available. The thesis explores the role of uncertainty in an expert system and considers the process of reasoning under uncertainty. The possible sources of uncertainty are investigated and prove to be crucial to some aspects of the methodology. A variety of Uncertainty Management Techniques (UMTs) are considered, including numeric, symbolic and hybrid methods. Considerably more information is found in the literature on numeric methods, than the latter two. Methods that have been proposed for comparing UMTs are studied and comparisons reported in the literature are summarised. Again this concentrates on numeric methods, since there is more literature available. The requirements of a methodology for the selection of a UMT are considered. A manual approach to the selection process is developed. The possibility of extending the boundaries of knowledge stored in the expert system by including meta-data to describe the handling of uncertainty in an expert system is then considered. This is followed by suggestions taken from the literature for automating the process of selection. Finally consideration is given to whether the objectives of the research have been met and recommendations are made for the next stage in researching a methodology for the selection of a paradigm of reasoning under uncertainty in expert system development