14 research outputs found
Software-Defined Network-Based Vehicular Networks: A Position Paper on Their Modeling and Implementation
There is a strong devotion in the automotive industry to be part of a wider
progression towards the Fifth Generation (5G) era. In-vehicle integration costs
between cellular and vehicle-to-vehicle networks using Dedicated Short Range
Communication could be avoided by adopting Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything
(C-V2X) technology with the possibility to re-use the existing mobile network
infrastructure. More and more, with the emergence of Software Defined Networks,
the flexibility and the programmability of the network have not only impacted
the design of new vehicular network architectures but also the implementation
of V2X services in future intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, we
define the concepts that help evaluate software-defined-based vehicular network
systems in the literature based on their modeling and implementation schemes.
We first overview the current studies available in the literature on C-V2X
technology in support of V2X applications. We then present the different
architectures and their underlying system models for LTE-V2X communications. We
later describe the key ideas of software-defined networks and their concepts
for V2X services. Lastly, we provide a comparative analysis of existing
SDN-based vehicular network system grouped according to their modeling and
simulation concepts. We provide a discussion and highlight vehicular ad-hoc
networks' challenges handled by SDN-based vehicular networks.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, Sensors 201
A survey on vehicular communication for cooperative truck platooning application
Platooning is an application where a group of vehicles move one after each other in close proximity, acting jointly as a single physical system. The scope of platooning is to improve safety, reduce fuel consumption, and increase road use efficiency. Even if conceived several decades ago as a concept, based on the new progress in automation and vehicular networking platooning has attracted particular attention in the latest years and is expected to become of common implementation in the next future, at least for trucks.The platoon system is the result of a combination of multiple disciplines, from transportation, to automation, to electronics, to telecommunications. In this survey, we consider the platooning, and more specifically the platooning of trucks, from the point of view of wireless communications. Wireless communications are indeed a key element, since they allow the information to propagate within the convoy with an almost negligible delay and really making all vehicles acting as one. Scope of this paper is to present a comprehensive survey on connected vehicles for the platooning application, starting with an overview of the projects that are driving the development of this technology, followed by a brief overview of the current and upcoming vehicular networking architecture and standards, by a review of the main open issues related to wireless communications applied to platooning, and a discussion of security threats and privacy concerns. The survey will conclude with a discussion of the main areas that we consider still open and that can drive future research directions.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Heterogeneous LTE/ Wi-Fi architecture for intelligent transportation systems
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) make use of advanced technologies to enhance road safety and improve traffic efficiency. It is anticipated that ITS will play a vital future role in improving traffic efficiency, safety, comfort and emissions. In order to assist the passengers to travel safely, efficiently and conveniently, several application requirements have to be met simultaneously. In addition to the delivery of regular traffic and safety information, vehicular networks have been recently required to support infotainment services. Previous vehicular network designs and architectures do not satisfy this increasing traffic demand as they are setup for either voice or data traffic, which is not suitable for the transfer of vehicular traffic. This new requirement is one of the key drivers behind the need for new mobile wireless broadband architectures and technologies. For this purpose, this thesis proposes and investigates a heterogeneous IEEE 802.11 and LTE vehicular system that supports both infotainment and ITS traffic control data. IEEE 802.11g is used for V2V communications and as an on-board access network while, LTE is used for V2I communications. A performance simulation-based study is conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed system in an urban vehicular environment. The system performance is evaluated in terms of data loss, data rate, delay and jitter. Several simulation scenarios are performed and evaluated. In the V2I-only scenario, the delay, jitter and data drops for both ITS and video traffic are within the acceptable limits, as defined by vehicular application requirements. Although a tendency of increase in video packet drops during handover from one eNodeB to another is observed yet, the attainable data loss rate is still below the defined benchmarks. In the integrated V2V-V2I scenario, data loss in uplink ITS traffic was initially observed so, Burst communication technique is applied to prevent packet losses in the critical uplink ITS traffic. A quantitative analysis is performed to determine the number of packets per burst, the inter-packet and inter-burst intervals. It is found that a substantial improvement is achieved using a two-packet Burst, where no packets are lost in the uplink direction. The delay, jitter and data drops for both uplink and downlink ITS traffic, and video traffic are below the benchmarks of vehicular applications. Thus, the results indicate that the proposed heterogeneous system offers acceptable performance that meets the requirements of the different vehicular applications. All simulations are conducted on OPNET Network Modeler and results are subjected to a 95% confidence analysis
Comunicações veiculares híbridas
Vehicle Communications is a promising research field, with a great potential for
the development of new applications capable of improving road safety, traffic efficiency,
as well as passenger comfort and infotainment. Vehicle communication
technologies can be short-range, such as ETSI ITS-G5 or the 5G PC5 sidelink
channel, or long-range, using the cellular network (LTE or 5G). However, none of
the technologies alone can support the expected variety of applications for a large
number of vehicles, nor all the temporal and spatial requirements of connected
and autonomous vehicles. Thus, it is proposed the collaborative or hybrid use of
short-range communications, with lower latency, and of long-range technologies,
potentially with higher latency, but integrating aggregated data of wider geographic
scope.
In this context, this work presents a hybrid vehicle communications model, capable
of providing connectivity through two Radio Access Technologies (RAT), namely,
ETSI ITS-G5 and LTE, to increase the probability of message delivery and, consequently,
achieving a more robust, efficient and secure vehicle communication
system. The implementation of short-range communication channels is done using
Raw Packet Sockets, while the cellular connection is established using the Advanced
Messaging Queuing Protocol (AMQP) protocol.
The main contribution of this dissertation focuses on the design, implementation
and evaluation of a Hybrid Routing Sublayer, capable of isolating messages that
are formed/decoded from transmission/reception processes. This layer is, therefore,
capable of managing traffic coming/destined to the application layer of intelligent
transport systems (ITS), adapting and passing ITS messages between the highest
layers of the protocol stack and the available radio access technologies.
The Hybrid Routing Sublayer also reduces the financial costs due to the use of
cellular communications and increases the efficiency of the use of the available
electromagnetic spectrum, by introducing a cellular link controller using a Beacon
Detector, which takes informed decisions related to the need to connect to a cellular
network, according to different scenarios.
The experimental results prove that hybrid vehicular communications meet the requirements
of cooperative intelligent transport systems, by taking advantage of
the benefits of both communication technologies. When evaluated independently,
the ITS-G5 technology has obvious advantages in terms of latency over the LTE
technology, while the LTE technology performs better than ITS-G5, in terms of
throughput and reliability.As Comunicações Veiculares são um campo de pesquisa promissor, com um grande
potencial de desenvolvimento de novas aplicações capazes de melhorar a segurança
nas estradas, a eficiência do tráfego, bem com o conforto e entretenimento dos
passageiros. As tecnologias de comunicação veícular podem ser de curto alcance,
como por exemplo ETSI ITS-G5 ou o canal PC5 do 5G, ou de longo alcance, recorrendo
à rede celular (LTE ou 5G). No entanto, nenhuma das tecnologias por
si só, consegue suportar a variedade expectável de aplicações para um número de
veículos elevado nem tampouco todos os requisitos temporais e espaciais dos veículos
conectados e autónomos. Assim, é proposto o uso colaborativo ou híbrido de
comunicações de curto alcance, com latências menores, e de tecnologias de longo
alcance, potencialmente com maiores latências, mas integrando dados agregados
de maior abrangência geográfica.
Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta um modelo de comunicações veiculares
híbrido, capaz de fornecer conectividade por meio de duas Tecnologias de Acesso
por Rádio (RAT), a saber, ETSI ITS-G5 e LTE, para aumentar a probabilidade de
entrega de mensagens e, consequentemente, alcançar um sistema de comunicação
veicular mais robusto, eficiente e seguro. A implementação de canais de comunicação
de curto alcance é feita usando Raw Packet Sockets, enquanto que a ligação
celular é estabelecida usando o protocolo Advanced Messaging Queuing Protocol
(AMQP).
A contribuição principal desta dissertação foca-se no projeto, implementação e avaliação
de uma sub camada hibrída de encaminhamento, capaz de isolar mensagens
que se formam/descodificam a partir de processos de transmissão/receção. Esta
camadada é, portanto, capaz de gerir o tráfego proveniente/destinado à camada
de aplicação de sistemas inteligentes de transportes (ITS) adaptando e passando
mensagens ITS entre as camadas mais altas da pilha protocolar e as tecnologias
de acesso rádio disponíveis.
A sub camada hibrída de encaminhamento também potencia uma redução dos custos
financeiros devidos ao uso de comunicações celulares e aumenta a eficiência do
uso do espectro electromagnético disponível, ao introduzir um múdulo controlador
da ligação celular, utilizando um Beacon Detector, que toma decisões informadas
relacionadas com a necessidade de uma conexão a uma rede celular, de acordo com
diferentes cenários.
Os resultados experimentais comprovam que as comunicações veículares híbridas
cumprem os requisitos dos sistemas cooperativos de transporte inteligentes, ao
tirarem partido das vantagens de ambas tecnologias de comunicação. Quando
avaliadas de forma independente, constata-se que que a tecnologia ITS-G5 tem
vantagens evidentes em termos de latência sobre a tecnologia LTE, enquanto que
a tecnologia LTE tem melhor desempenho que a LTE, ai nível de débito e fiabilidade.Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicaçõe
Inter-vehicle Communication: Quo Vadis. Report from Dagstuhl Seminar 13392
"Inter-Vehicular Communication - Quo Vadis?". With this question in mind, leading experts in the field of vehicular networking met in Dagstuhl to discuss the current state of the art and, most importantly, the open challenges in R&D from both an scientific and an industry point of view. After more than a decade of research on vehicular networks, the experts very seriously asked the question whether all of the initial research issues had been solved so far. It turned out that the perspective changed in the last few years, mainly thanks to the ongoing field operational tests in Europe and the U.S. The results point to new research directions and new challenges that need to be solved for a second generation of vehicular networking applications and protocols. In four working groups, the experts studied these new challenges and derived recommendations that are also very helpful for the respective funding organizations
Δίκτυα Συνδεδεμένων Οχημάτων : Τρέχουσα Κατάσταση και Ανοιχτές Προκλήσεις
Η ολοένα αυξανόμενη παραγωγή οχημάτων σε όλο τον κόσμο και ταυτόχρονα η μεγαλύτερη ανάγκη για ασφάλεια αλλά και μείωση των εκπομπών άνθρακα που ορίζει μια σύγχρονη κοινωνία, έχουν οδηγήσει τη αυτοκινητοβιομηχανία σε νέες προκλήσεις για την δημιουργία ασφαλέστερων και φιλικότερων προς το περιβάλλον προτύπων για το σύστημα των οδικών μεταφορών. Αυτές οι προκλήσεις με την βοήθεια των ραγδαίως αναπτυσσόμενων νέων τεχνολογιών έχουν φέρει στην επιφάνεια τα λεγόμενα ασύρματα δίκτυα συνδεμένων οχημάτων και καινοτόμες υπηρεσίες όπως το Vehicle to Everything. Αυτές οι υπηρεσίες έχουν πολύ ψηλές απαιτήσεις και θέτουν αυστηρές προκλήσεις στο δίκτυο όπως η αξιοπιστία των υπηρεσιών, το latency και το mobility management καθώς μιλάμε για πολύ δυναμικά περιβάλλοντα. Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εξηγεί τα ασύρματα δίκτυα συνδεδεμένων οχημάτων και αναλύει ξεχωριστά τις επικοινωνίες (ασύρματες και κυψελωτές) που χρησιμοποιούνται σε αυτά τα δίκτυα. Ακόμα εξετάζει υβριδικές μεθόδους ασύρματων και κυψελωτών τεχνολογιών για την αντιμετώπιση αρκετών ζητημάτων όπως το handover, ενώ το 5G υπόσχεται να δώσει λύσεις σε αρκετές προκλήσεις. Ακόμα γίνεται αναφορά στα δίκτυα οχημάτων αυτοματοποιημένης οδήγησης, τα αυτόνομα διασυνδεδεμένα οχήματα καθώς και στο fog computing για δίκτυα οχημάτων. Τέλος γίνεται μια εκτενής ανάλυση των απαιτήσεων - προκλήσεων ασφαλείας καθώς και πιθανών κακόβουλων επιθέσεων σε δίκτυα οχημάτων, ενώ παρουσιάζονται και τεχνικές για την διατήρηση της ιδιωτικότητας και της εμπιστευτικότητας για την διασφάλιση των επικοινωνιών.The increasing production of vehicles around the world and at the same time the greater need for safety but also the reduction of carbon emissions defined by a modern society, has led the automotive industry to new challenges in order to create safer and more environmentally friendly standards for the road transport system. These challenges, with the help of rapidly evolving new technologies, have brought to the surface so-called wireless interconnected vehicle networks and innovative services such as Vehicle to Everything. These services have very high requirements and pose severe challenges to the network such as service reliability, latency and mobility management as we are talking about very dynamic environments. This dissertation explains the wireless networks of connected vehicles and analyzes separately the communications (wireless and cellular) used in these networks. It is also considering hybrid methods of wireless and cellular technologies to address several issues such as handover, while 5G promises to provide solutions to several challenges. Reference is also made to automated driving vehicle networks, autonomous interconnected vehicles as well as fog computing for vehicle networks. Finally, an extensive analysis is made of the requirements - security challenges as well as possible malicious attacks on vehicle networks. Techniques for maintaining privacy and confidentiality to secure communications are also presented