70 research outputs found
Computability and analysis: the legacy of Alan Turing
We discuss the legacy of Alan Turing and his impact on computability and
analysis.Comment: 49 page
Revising Type-2 Computation and Degrees of Discontinuity
By the sometimes so-called MAIN THEOREM of Recursive Analysis, every
computable real function is necessarily continuous. Weihrauch and Zheng
(TCS'2000), Brattka (MLQ'2005), and Ziegler (ToCS'2006) have considered
different relaxed notions of computability to cover also discontinuous
functions. The present work compares and unifies these approaches. This is
based on the concept of the JUMP of a representation: both a TTE-counterpart to
the well known recursion-theoretic jump on Kleene's Arithmetical Hierarchy of
hypercomputation: and a formalization of revising computation in the sense of
Shoenfield.
We also consider Markov and Banach/Mazur oracle-computation of discontinuous
fu nctions and characterize the computational power of Type-2 nondeterminism to
coincide with the first level of the Analytical Hierarchy.Comment: to appear in Proc. CCA'0
Computability and Algorithmic Complexity in Economics
This is an outline of the origins and development of the way computability theory and algorithmic complexity theory were incorporated into economic and finance theories. We try to place, in the context of the development of computable economics, some of the classics of the subject as well as those that have, from time to time, been credited with having contributed to the advancement of the field. Speculative thoughts on where the frontiers of computable economics are, and how to move towards them, conclude the paper. In a precise sense - both historically and analytically - it would not be an exaggeration to claim that both the origins of computable economics and its frontiers are defined by two classics, both by Banach and Mazur: that one page masterpiece by Banach and Mazur ([5]), built on the foundations of Turing’s own classic, and the unpublished Mazur conjecture of 1928, and its unpublished proof by Banach ([38], ch. 6 & [68], ch. 1, #6). For the undisputed original classic of computable economics is RabinĂs effectivization of the Gale-Stewart game ([42];[16]); the frontiers, as I see them, are defined by recursive analysis and constructive mathematics, underpinning computability over the computable and constructive reals and providing computable foundations for the economist’s Marshallian penchant for curve-sketching ([9]; [19]; and, in general, the contents of Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 219, Issue 1-2). The former work has its roots in the Banach-Mazur game (cf. [38], especially p.30), at least in one reading of it; the latter in ([5]), as well as other, earlier, contributions, not least by Brouwer.
Computable analysis on the space of marked groups
We investigate decision problems for groups described by word problem
algorithms. This is equivalent to studying groups described by labelled Cayley
graphs. We show that this corresponds to the study of computable analysis on
the space of marked groups, and point out several results of computable
analysis that can be directly applied to obtain group theoretical results.
Those results, used in conjunction with the version of Higman's Embedding
Theorem that preserves solvability of the word problem, provide powerful tools
to build finitely presented groups with solvable word problem but with various
undecidable properties. We also investigate the first levels of an effective
Borel hierarchy on the space of marked groups, and show that on many group
properties usually considered, this effective hierarchy corresponds sharply to
the Borel hierarchy. Finally, we prove that the space of marked groups is a
Polish space that is not effectively Polish. Because of this, many of the most
important results of computable analysis cannot be applied to the space of
marked groups. This includes the Kreisel-Lacombe-Schoenfield-Ceitin Theorem and
a theorem of Moschovakis. The space of marked groups constitutes the first
natural example of a Polish space that is not effectively Polish.Comment: 46 pages, Theorem 4.6 was false as stated, it appears now, having
been corrected, as Theorem 5.
Absolutely No Free Lunches!
This paper is concerned with learners who aim to learn patterns in infinite
binary sequences: shown longer and longer initial segments of a binary
sequence, they either attempt to predict whether the next bit will be a 0 or
will be a 1 or they issue forecast probabilities for these events. Several
variants of this problem are considered. In each case, a no-free-lunch result
of the following form is established: the problem of learning is a formidably
difficult one, in that no matter what method is pursued, failure is
incomparably more common that success; and difficult choices must be faced in
choosing a method of learning, since no approach dominates all others in its
range of success. In the simplest case, the comparison of the set of situations
in which a method fails and the set of situations in which it succeeds is a
matter of cardinality (countable vs. uncountable); in other cases, it is a
topological matter (meagre vs. co-meagre) or a hybrid computational-topological
matter (effectively meagre vs. effectively co-meagre)
The Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics, DSGE and the Theory of Policy - Computable & Constructive Foundations
The genesis and the path towards what has come to be called the DSGE model is traced, from its origins in the Arrow-Debreu General Equilibrium model (ADGE), via Scarf's Computable General Equilibrium model (CGE) and its applied version as Applied Computable General Equilibrium model (ACGE), to its ostensible dynamization as a Recursive Competitive Equilibrium (RCE). It is shown that these transformations of the ADGE - including the fountainhead - are computably and constructively untenable. The policy implications of these (negative) results, via the Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics in particular, and against the backdrop of the mathematical theory of economic policy in general, are also discussed (again from computable and constructive points of view). Suggestions for going 'beyond DSGE' are, then, outlined on the basis of a framework that is underpinned - from the outset - by computability and constructivity considerationsComputable General Equilibrium, Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium, Computability, Constructivity, Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics, Theory of Policy, Coupled Nonlinear Dynamic
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