425,703 research outputs found

    Local Relativistic Exact Decoupling

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    We present a systematic hierarchy of approximations for {\it local} exact-decoupling of four-component quantum chemical Hamiltonians based on the Dirac equation. Our ansatz reaches beyond the trivial local approximation that is based on a unitary transformation of only the atomic block-diagonal part of the Hamiltonian. Systematically, off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix blocks can be subjected to a unitary transformation to yield relativistically corrected matrix elements. The full hierarchy is investigated with respect to the accuracy reached for the electronic energy and molecular properties on a balanced test molecule set that comprises molecules with heavy elements in different bonding situations. Our atomic (local) assembly of the unitary transformation needed for exact decoupling provides an excellent local approximation for any relativistic exact-decoupling approach. Its order-N2N^2 scaling can be further reduced to linear scaling by employing the neighboring-atomic-blocks approximation. Therefore, it is an efficient relativistic method perfectly well suited for relativistic calculations on large molecules. If a large molecule contains many light atoms (typically hydrogen atoms), the computational costs can be further reduced by employing a well-defined non-relativistic approximation for these light atoms without significant loss of accuracy

    Chief Digital Officers’ Evolving Strategies: Balancing Lightweight and Heavyweight IT During the Digital Transformation

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    In this paper, we investigate how chief digital officers (CDOs) deal with the digital transformation over time. The study is based on interviews with the CDOs of 26 Norwegian organizations, conducted over a three-year period. Our analytical lens involves differentiating between the knowledge regimes of heavyweight and lightweight IT. Based on the CDOs’ perceptions, we identify three important shifts related to strategic, technological, and methodological aspects, all indicating a more balanced approach to the interplay of heavyweight and lightweight IT. We contribute to the literature on the digital transformation and CDOs’ contribution, and to the theory of lightweight vs. heavyweight IT

    Non-intrusive Balancing Transformation of Highly Stiff Systems with Lightly-damped Impulse Response

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    Balanced truncation (BT) is a model reduction method that utilizes a coordinate transformation to retain eigen-directions that are highly observable and reachable. To address realizability and scalability of BT applied to highly stiff and lightly-damped systems, a non-intrusive data-driven method is developed for balancing discrete-time systems via the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA). The advantage of ERA for balancing transformation makes full-state outputs tractable. Further, ERA enables balancing despite stiffness, by eliminating computation of balancing modes and adjoint simulations. As a demonstrative example, we create balanced ROMs for a one-dimensional reactive flow with pressure forcing, where the stiffness introduced by the chemical source term is extreme (condition number 101310^{13}), preventing analytical implementation of BT. We investigate the performance of ROMs in prediction of dynamics with unseen forcing inputs and demonstrate stability and accuracy of balanced ROMs in truly predictive scenarios whereas without ERA, POD-Galerkin and Least-squares Petrov-Galerkin projections fail to represent the true dynamics. We show that after the initial transients under unit impulse forcing, the system undergoes lightly-damped oscillations, which magnifies the influence of sampling properties on predictive performance of the balanced ROMs. We propose an output domain decomposition approach and couple it with tangential interpolation to resolve sharp gradients at reduced computational costs

    The strategic value of the balanced scorecard in the networked economy

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    Thesis (D. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007Success in today’s competitive business environment demands innovative approaches. Organisations must be able to react effectively and make informed decisions in order to be in the best position to take advantage of collaborated business opportunities in the organisation’s external network. The results of strategic decisions are affected by the strategic choices that are made and how successfully those objectives are implemented. In many cases the strategies have mediocre success or fail to achieve what they set out to do due to the failure to formulate and implement strategies that enhance the development of a sustainable competitive advantage in the long term. The case study organisation, MultiChoice Africa (Pty) Limited, serves as an example in understanding the knowledge base imperative in utilising strategic management instruments such as Kaplan and Norton’s (1996a: 8-18, 224-292) Balanced Scorecard to guide leadership in creating real-time value, thereby creating a sustainable competitive advantage. Balanced Scorecards have largely been developed and applied to internal managerial purposes, though they are seldom used for external marketing. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the strategic value of the Balanced Scorecard in the networked economy, utilising a case study design by following a phenomenological paradigm approach. The outcome was based on a pre- and postanalysis of the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard within the case study organisation, focusing on the perceived value towards overcoming the barriers to strategy implementation, developing a competitive advantage and sustaining this advantage. Sustainability was specifically defined and tested against the environment and ethical behaviour as the results indicated that a link exists between sustainable competitive advantage and the appropriate utilisation of the Balanced Scorecard. Research results suggest that respondents appear to be enthusiastic and have started the process of transforming the organisation into a ‘Balanced Scorecard organisation’. The main advantages included an increased awareness of vision, linking operational tasks to strategic employees’ participation and flexibility. Shortcomings, on the other hand, included the perceived lack of contribution of the Balanced Scorecard to the final outcome as well as to the transformation process. A number of limitations were evident in the design, deployment and utilisation of the Balanced Scorecard in overcoming the barriers to strategy implementation and how to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in the networked economy. Important aspects surrounding employees and stakeholders were also highlighted as the design of the case study organisation’s original Balanced Scorecard is based on its value chain. However, due to the networked economy and its implications for the organisation, the Balanced Scorecard architecture should be modified to make provision for a networked design. These modifications should incorporate additional constructs that need to be taken into consideration when creating larger networks and establishing collaborative communities of practice. Key to the organisation’s future strategic value and intent is the successful implementation of change management (transformation) as a driver into the application of the Balanced Scorecard in the networked economy. Insight gained was used to propose a theoretical model based on global business landscape demands, utilising new and innovative strategies and business model architectures that require the convergence of aggregated metrics of all role players in the borderless network, as outlined in the ‘Networked Balanced Scorecard’ theoretical model. The theoretical model outlines how organisations can reform and integrate their Balanced Scorecards to support strategy formulation, implementation and control. It therefore supports sustainable competitive advantage and is based on embracing components of competitive intelligence and collaboration in the networked economy. It is thus suggested that organisations can no longer implement sustainable competitive advantage strategies in isolation, but need to focus on organisational development strategies that encapsulate the network concomitance structure and architecture, thereby attaining the new value proposition for strategic intent

    Creating a television culture in post-conflict Kosovo: From a balanced public forum to politicization and commercialization

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    This article aims to discuss and analyze television in Kosovo together with its socio-cultural and political dimensions, including its constituent elements, structure, functioning and influence. The establishment of independent media was as much the result of external intervention (UN) as it was of determination within society, media makers and private capital in a dual system of public and private broadcasters. However, the optimism which created here a television culture along European model, in order to fulfill its proper function in a new democracy and serve the public, is long gone; there is now a continuous fading of societal trust that television is a balanced public forum. Television in this country faces serious problems: the politicization and underfinancing of public broadcasters, concentration of ownership and non- transparent way of financing private broadcasters - problems that challenge editorial independence, constrain freedom of expression or restrict the possibility of choice. The article also examines the transformation of television from a cultural forum under socialism, through a potentially balanced public forum under democracy, to its new dimension in recent years, entertainment. In order to explain this argument, the article takes a theoretical and methodological multi-disciplinary approach, aiming to fill the gap in the research of television studies.&nbsp

    Формування стратегічних бюджетів ефективного використання людського капіталу

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    У результаті проведеного дослідження вдосконалено методичний підхід ефективної реалізації стратегічних показників збалансованої системи господарюючого суб'єкта, що заснований на результатах використання синергетичного ефекту об'єднання ЗСП і бюджетування за допомогою механізму трансформації стратегічних цілей людського капіталу, сформованого на основі впровадження стратегічних карт у систему бюджетів. Доведено, що стратегічне бюджетування дозволяє виявити залежність між показниками індивідуальної оцінки працівників і комплексною системою показників діяльності підприємства, виступаючи інструментом опису стратегічних цілей кожного аспекту діяльності в рамках збалансованої системи показників.В результате проведенного исследования усовершенствован методический подход эффективной реализации стратегических показателей сбалансированной системы хозяйствующего субъекта, который основан на результатах использования синергетического эффекта объединения ССП и бюджетирования с помощью механизма трансформации стратегических целей человеческого капитала, сформированного на основе внедрения стратегических карт в систему бюджетов. Доказано, что стратегическое бюджетирование позволяет выявить зависимость между показателями индивидуальной оценки работников и комплексной системой показателей деятельности предприятия, выступая инструментом описания стратегических целей каждого аспекта деятельности в рамках сбалансированной системы показателей.As result of research, the methodical approach to the effective implementation of strategic indicators of a balanced system of an economic entity is improved, which is based on the results of using the synergetic effect of combining a balanced system of indicators and budgeting using the transformation mechanism strategic goals of human capital, formed on the basis of the introduction of strategic maps into the system of budgets. It is proved that strategic budgeting makes it possible to reveal the relationship between the indicators of individual assessment of employees and the complex system of performance indicators of an enterprise, acting as a tool for describing the strategic objectives of each aspect of activity within the framework of a balanced system of indicators
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