270 research outputs found

    A survey on subjecting electronic product code and non-ID objects to IP identification

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    Over the last decade, both research on the Internet of Things (IoT) and real-world IoT applications have grown exponentially. The IoT provides us with smarter cities, intelligent homes, and generally more comfortable lives. However, the introduction of these devices has led to several new challenges that must be addressed. One of the critical challenges facing interacting with IoT devices is to address billions of devices (things) around the world, including computers, tablets, smartphones, wearable devices, sensors, and embedded computers, and so on. This article provides a survey on subjecting Electronic Product Code and non-ID objects to IP identification for IoT devices, including their advantages and disadvantages thereof. Different metrics are here proposed and used for evaluating these methods. In particular, the main methods are evaluated in terms of their: (i) computational overhead, (ii) scalability, (iii) adaptability, (iv) implementation cost, and (v) whether applicable to already ID-based objects and presented in tabular format. Finally, the article proves that this field of research will still be ongoing, but any new technique must favorably offer the mentioned five evaluative parameters.Comment: 112 references, 8 figures, 6 tables, Journal of Engineering Reports, Wiley, 2020 (Open Access

    kube-volttron: Rearchitecting the VOLTTRON Building Energy Management System for Cloud Native Deployment

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    Managing the energy consumption of the built environment is an important source of flexible load and decarbonization, enabling building managers and utilities to schedule consumption to avoid costly demand charges and peak times when carbon emissions from grid generated electricity are highest. A key technology component in building energy management is the building energy management system. Eclipse VOLTTRON is a legacy software platform which enables building energy management. It was developed for the US Department of Energy (DOE) at Pacific Northwest National Labs (PNNL) written in Python and based on a monolithic build-configure-and-run-in-place system architecture that predates cloud native architectural concepts. Yet the software architecture is componentized in a way that anticipates modular containerized applications, with software agents handling functions like data storage, web access, and communication with IoT devices over specific IoT protocols such as BACnet and Modbus. The agents communicate among themselves over a message bus. This paper describes a proof-of-concept prototype to rearchitect VOLTTRON into a collection of microservices suitable for deployment on the Kubernetes cloud native container orchestration platform. The agents are packaged in redistributable containers that perform specific functions and which can be configured when they are deployed. The deployment architecture consists of single Kubernetes cluster containing a central node, nominally in a cloud-based VM, where a microservice containing the database agent (called a "historian") and the web site agent for the service run, and gateway nodes running on sites in buildings where a microservice containing IoT protocol-specific agents handles control and data collection to and from devices, and communication back to the central node

    Desenvolvimento de um sistema de gestão técnica centralizado

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    A building management system has user confort and comodity, as well as reduction of energy consumption, as its main goals. To accomplish this, it is necessary to integrate sensors and actuators as to control and retrieve information about the physical processes of a building. These processes include control over illumination and temperature of a room, and even access control. The information, after processed, allows a more intelligent and efficient way of controlling electronic and mechanical systems of a building, such as HVAC and illumination, while also trying to reduce energy expenditure. The emergence of IoT allowed to increment the number of low level devices on these systems, thanks to their cost reduction, increased performance and improved connectivity. To better make use of the new paradigm, it is required a modern system with multi-protocol capabilities, as well as tools for data processing and presentation. Therefore, the most relevant industrial and building automation technologies were studied, as to define a modern, IoT compatible, architecture and choose its constituting software platforms. InfluxDB, EdgeX Foundry and Node-Red were the selected technologies for the database, gateway and dashboard, respectively, as they closely align with the requirements set. This way, a demonstrator was developed in order to assess a systems’s operation, using these technologies, as well as to evaluate EdgeX’s performance for jitter and latency. From the obtained results, it was verified that, although versatile and complete, this platform underperforms for real-time applications and high reading rate workloads.Um Sistema de Gestão Centralizado tem por objetivo aumentar a comodidade e conforto dos utilizadores de um edifício, ao mesmo tempo que tenta reduzir os consumos energéticos do mesmo. Para isso, torna-se necessário integrar sensores e atuadores para controlar e recolher informação acerca dos processos físicos existentes. Nestes processos estão incluídos a iluminação e temperatura de, por exemplo, uma sala, ou até controlo de acesso. Esta informação, após processamento, permite, de uma maneira mais inteligente e eficiente, controlar os sistemas eletrónicos e mecânicos de um edifício, tais como os sistemas de AVAC ou iluminação, tentando, simultaneamente, diminuir gastos energéticos. O aparecimento do IoT, tornou possível o aumento do número de dispositivos de baixo nível nestes sistemas, graças à redução de custo e aumento de performance e conectividade que estes têm sofrido. Para melhor usufruir deste paradigma, é necessário um sistema moderno, com capacidade de conexão multi-protocolo e ferramentas para processamento e apresentação de informação. Neste sentido, fez-se um estudo das tecnologias mais relevantes da área da automação industrial e de edifícios, de modo a definir uma arquitetura moderna compatível com IoT e a escolher as plataformas de software que a constituem. InfluxDB, EdgeX Foundry e Node-Red foram as tecnologias escolhidas para a base de dados, gateway e dashboard, respetivamente, por serem as que mais se aproximaram dos requisitos definidos. Assim, foi desenvolvido um demonstrador que permitiu verificar o funcionamento de um sistema com a utilização destas tecnologias, assim como avaliar a performance da plataforma EdgeX em termos de jitter e latência. Verificou-se a partir dos resultados obtidos, que embora versátil e completa, esta plataforma ficou aquém do que se pretendia, tanto para aplicações real-time, como para as que necessitem de uma taxa de leitura de sensores elevada.Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicaçõe

    Implementation of a building automation system based on semantic modeling

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    This paper presents an Ontology-Based multi-technology platform designed to avoid some issues of Building Automation Systems. The platform allows the integration of several building automation protocols, eases the development and implementation of different kinds of services and allows sharing information related to the infrastructure and facilities within a building. The system has been implemented and tested in the Energy Efficiency Research Facility at CeDInt-UPM

    Mobile KNX: Design, development and analysis of a mobile network bridge for Domotic systems

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    In the last few years, the need to easily control the electrical devices has been manifested with more persistence. This is due to the increasing of energy consumption and the introduction of new concepts, such as green homes and building automation systems. To find a solution to this demand, several companies have focused on the development of infrastructure for remote management system of automation building applications. Based on well-defined protocols and systems for automation building structures, in the current market there are several applications that permit to clients to meet this request. However, it is still possible to improve their quality pushing on automation. Therefore, a central system for automatically processing and sharing the configuration data has been developed, leaving to mobile devices only the task to render it, in order to allow a client to control all the “smart” devices in an automation building system. This project has focused on developing an application that would provide a system of transaction between mobile and automation building world. In addition, a mobile application has been developed for several mobile operating systems and architectures. The work was completed with a testing phase, without the use of simulators, focused on ease of use and speed of access to its devices, which has shown the validity of this idea. The results obtained have given a new set of real data on which basing future developments and also a basis for a different approach to the proble

    Building energy metering and environmental monitoring - A state-of-the-art review and directions for future research

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    Buildings are responsible for 40% of global energy use and contribute towards 30% of the total CO2 emissions. The drive to reduce energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions from buildings has acted as a catalyst in the increasing installation of meters and sensors for monitoring energy use and indoor environmental conditions in buildings. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in building energy metering and environmental monitoring, including their social, economic, environmental and legislative drivers. The integration of meters and sensors with existing building energy management systems (BEMS) is critically appraised, especially with regard to communication technologies and protocols such as ModBus, M-Bus, Ethernet, Cellular, ZigBee, WiFi and BACnet. Findings suggest that energy metering is covered in existing policies and regulations in only a handful of countries. Most of the legislations and policies on energy metering in Europe are in response to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), 2002/91/EC. However, recent developments in policy are pointing towards more stringent metering requirements in future, moving away from voluntary to mandatory compliance. With regards to metering equipment, significant developments have been made in the recent past on miniaturisation, accuracy, robustness, data storage, ability to connect using multiple communication protocols, and the integration with BEMS and the Cloud – resulting in a range of available solutions, selection of which can be challenging. Developments in communication technologies, in particular in low-power wireless such as ZigBee and Bluetooth LE (BLE), are enabling cost-effective machine to machine (M2M) and internet of things (IoT) implementation of sensor networks. Privacy and data protection, however, remain a concern for data aggregators and end-users. The standardization of network protocols and device functionalities remains an active area of research and development, especially due to the prevalence of many protocols in the BEMS industry. Available solutions often lack interoperability between hardware and software systems, resulting in vendor lock-in. The paper provides a comprehensive understanding of available technologies for energy metering and environmental monitoring; their drivers, advantages and limitations; factors affecting their selection and future directions of research and development – for use a reference, as well as for generating further interest in this expanding research area
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