1 research outputs found
Bioelectronic Sensor Nodes for Internet of Bodies
Energy-efficient sensing with Physically-secure communication for bio-sensors
on, around and within the Human Body is a major area of research today for
development of low-cost healthcare, enabling continuous monitoring and/or
secure, perpetual operation. These devices, when used as a network of nodes
form the Internet of Bodies (IoB), which poses certain challenges including
stringent resource constraints (power/area/computation/memory), simultaneous
sensing and communication, and security vulnerabilities as evidenced by the DHS
and FDA advisories. One other major challenge is to find an efficient on-body
energy harvesting method to support the sensing, communication, and security
sub-modules. Due to the limitations in the harvested amount of energy, we
require reduction of energy consumed per unit information, making the use of
in-sensor analytics/processing imperative. In this paper, we review the
challenges and opportunities in low-power sensing, processing and
communication, with possible powering modalities for future bio-sensor nodes.
Specifically, we analyze, compare and contrast (a) different sensing mechanisms
such as voltage/current domain vs time-domain, (b) low-power, secure
communication modalities including wireless techniques and human-body
communication, and (c) different powering techniques for both wearable devices
and implants.Comment: 30 pages, 5 Figures. This is a pre-print version of the article which
has been accepted for Publication in Volume 25 of the Annual Review of
Biomedical Engineering (2023). Only Personal Use is Permitte