BOOTH RECODED WALLACE TREE MULTIPLIER USING NAND BASED DIGITALLY CONTROLLED DELAY LINES

ABSTRACT Digital controlled delay line (DCDL) is a digital circuit used to provide the desired delay for a circuit whose delay line is controlled by a digital control word. There are wide varieties of approaches available for constructing the DCDL. The previous approach deals about designing a DCDL with and without glitches. More over Glitches are the most considerable factor that limits the use of DCDL in many applications. The Glitches in a circuit can be analyzed by increasing delay control code in a circuit. By reducing the number of glitches a delay line also further reduced. . In this paper NAND based DCDL improved using Wallace tree multiplier, which used to give an accurate value, as well increase speed of operation. It aims at additional reduction of latency and area of the Wallace tree multiplier using the delay control units based on the DCDL unit. The simulation have been carried out using modelsim and xilinx tools

FPGA embedded system for ultrasonic non-destructive testing

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonLong Range Ultrasonic Testing (LRUT) is an emerging ultrasound Non-destructive Testing (NDT) method. The LRUT is a variant of the conventional NDT approach. By using ultrasound guided waves (UGWs) , it is efficient in quick long range defect scanning, which is impossible with other traditional NDT techniques. Increasing numbers of requirements for quick long range testing have led to urgent need for the improvement of testing methods and the development of new testing equipment to help researchers in laboratory and help technicians in field inspection. The market for multi-channel ultrasonic instruments is characterized by small volumes of sales and a high ratio of development costs to sale price. The consequence is that the investment required to develop an instrument is significant and upgrades and other changes to instrument specification or configuration are difficult for many manufacturers to justify. These factors are particularly relevant for long range guided wave technology, where the technology is still relatively new in the market place and the instrumentation has different characteristics from other type of ultrasonic systems. In order to support the design and manufacture of the Teletest®MK4 system, Plant Integrity Ltd has supported this study into the use of a field-programmable gates array (FPGA) based control circuits for the electronics, which allows the component count to be decreased and also permits the system to be modified via flexible reconfiguration of the FPGA. This has benefits of reduction of size, weight and power consumption of the electronics and provides a means of upgrading the product without expensive re-design of the hardware. FPGA device has been the enabling technology and main thrust behind the evolution of many technologies, unleashing new opportunities for improving the performance of the LRUT equipment and providing more functions for industrial and academic applications. A novel system has been developed to provide multichannel waveform generation, data capture and signal processing for advanced lab-based research and faster- field testing. This system includes an FPGA to process multichannel data in parallel and to provide the flexibility of reconfiguration for various testing applications proposed by new research. The design was tested in pre-prototype hardware. Subsequent construction of the commercial prototype unit enabled successful operation of the design to be demonstrated. Implementation of the FPGA design reduced component count, PCB dimensions and power consumption. Though the SpartanTM 3A DSP FPGA and Xilinx ISE software have been used in this project, the concepts of the design can be applied to other FPGA devices from other FPGA vendors using other design softwares.TWI Ltd; Plant Integrity Lt

The deep space network

The objectives, functions, and organization of the Deep Space Network are summarized. Deep space station, ground communication, and network operations control capabilities are described

Waveduino: dispositivo medidor de olas mediante tecnología Arduino

La intención de este proyecto no es la de crear un dispositivo medidor de olas sin más, sino demostrar que con los avances tecnológicos de hoy en día, se pueden desarrollar dispositivos de cierta complejidad sin muchas dificultades, y lo más importante, sin un esfuerzo económico elevado ya que estas tecnologías, aparte de ocupar muy poco, son de bajo coste. He de añadir que Waveduino (nombre final del proyecto), es un nombre que ya han empleado distintas organizaciones para comercializar diversos productos basados en Arduino. Sin embargo no creo que haya mejor nombre que éste para describir un medidor de olas basado en Arduino.Ingeniería Industria

Fast data acquisition for silicon tracking detectors at high rates

Silicon tracking detectors play a key role in many current high energy physics experiments. To enhance experimental sensitivities for searches for new physics, beam energies and event rates are constantly being increased, which leads to growing volumes of detector data that have to be processed. This thesis covers high-speed data acquisition for silicon tracking detectors in the context of the Mu3e experiment and future hadron collider experiments. For the Mu3e experiment, a vertical slice of the trigger-less readout system is realized as a beam telescope consisting of 8 layers of pixel sensors that are read out using a prototype of the Mu3e front-end board. The performance of the full readout system is studied during beam tests. Sensor hit rates of up to 5 MHz can be handled without significant losses. Hence, the system fulfils the requirements for the first phase of the experiment. To fully exploit the potential of silicon tracking detectors at future hadron collider experiments, the implementation of high-speed data links is mandatory. Wireless links operating at frequencies of 60 GHz and above present an attractive alternative to electrical and optical links, as they offer high bandwidth, small form factor and low power consumption. This thesis describes readout concepts for tracking detectors applying wireless data transfer and presents studies of wireless data transmission

COGNITIVE RADIO SOLUTION FOR IEEE 802.22

Current wireless systems suffer severe radio spectrum underutilization due to a number of problematic issues, including wasteful static spectrum allocations; fixed radio functionalities and architectures; and limited cooperation between network nodes. A significant number of research efforts aim to find alternative solutions to improve spectrum utilization. Cognitive radio based on software radio technology is one such novel approach, and the impending IEEE 802.22 air interface standard is the first based on such an approach. This standard aims to provide wireless services in wireless regional area network using TV spectrum white spaces. The cognitive radio devices employed feature two fundamental capabilities, namely supporting multiple modulations and data-rates based on wireless channel conditions and sensing a wireless spectrum. Spectrum sensing is a critical functionality with high computational complexity. Although the standard does not specify a spectrum sensing method, the sensing operation has inherent timing and accuracy constraints.This work proposes a framework for developing a cognitive radio system based on a small form factor software radio platform with limited memory resources and processing capabilities. The cognitive radio systems feature adaptive behavior based on wireless channel conditions and are compliant with the IEEE 802.22 sensing constraints. The resource limitations on implementation platforms post a variety of challenges to transceiver configurability and spectrum sensing. Overcoming these fundamental features on small form factors paves the way for portable cognitive radio devices and extends the range of cognitive radio applications.Several techniques are proposed to overcome resource limitation on a small form factor software radio platform based on a hybrid processing architecture comprised of a digital signal processor and a field programmable gate array. Hardware reuse and task partitioning over a number of processing devices are among the techniques used to realize a configurable radio transceiver that supports several communication modes, including modulations and data rates. In particular, these techniques are applied to build configurable modulation architecture and a configurable synchronization. A mode-switching architecture based on circular buffers is proposed to facilitate a reliable transitioning between different communication modes.The feasibility of efficient spectrum sensing based on a compressive sampling technique called "Fast Fourier Sampling" is examined. The configuration parameters are analyzed mathematically, and performance is evaluated using computer simulations for local spectrum sensing applications. The work proposed herein features a cooperative Fast Fourier sampling scheme to extend the narrowband and wideband sensing performance of this compressive sensing technique.The précis of this dissertation establishes the foundation of efficient cognitive radio implementation on small form factor software radio of hybrid processing architecture

Analog baseband circuits for sensor systems

This thesis is composed of six publications and an overview of the research topic, which also summarizes the work. The research presented in this thesis focuses on research into analog baseband circuits for sensor systems. The research is divided into three different topics: the integration of analog baseband circuits into a radio receiver for sensor applications; the integration of an ΔΣ modulator A/D converter into a GSM/WCDMA radio receiver for mobile phones, and the integration of algorithmic A/D converters for a capacitive micro-accelerometer interface. All the circuits are implemented using deep sub-micron CMOS technologies. The work summarizes the design of different blocks for sensor systems. The research into integrated analog baseband circuits for a radio receiver focuses on a circuit structures with a very low power dissipation and that can be implemented using only standard CMOS technologies. The research into integrated ΔΣ modulator A/D converter design for a GSM/WCDMA radio receiver for mobile phones focuses on the implications for analog circuit design emerging from using a very deep sub-micron CMOS process. Finally, in the research into algorithmic A/D converters for a capacitive microaccelerometer interface, new ways of achieving a good performance with low power dissipation, while also minimizing the silicon area of the integrated A/D converter are introduced