31 research outputs found

    All Digital, Background Calibration for Time-Interleaved and Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converters

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    The growth of digital systems underscores the need to convert analog information to the digital domain at high speeds and with great accuracy. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) calibration is often a limiting factor, requiring longer calibration times to achieve higher accuracy. The goal of this dissertation is to perform a fully digital background calibration using an arbitrary input signal for A/D converters. The work presented here adapts the cyclic Split-ADC calibration method to the time interleaved (TI) and successive approximation register (SAR) architectures. The TI architecture has three types of linear mismatch errors: offset, gain and aperture time delay. By correcting all three mismatch errors in the digital domain, each converter is capable of operating at the fastest speed allowed by the process technology. The total number of correction parameters required for calibration is dependent on the interleaving ratio, M. To adapt the Split-ADC method to a TI system, 2M+1 half-sized converters are required to estimate 3(2M+1) correction parameters. This thesis presents a 4:1 Split-TI converter that achieves full convergence in less than 400,000 samples. The SAR architecture employs a binary weight capacitor array to convert analog inputs into digital output codes. Mismatch in the capacitor weights results in non-linear distortion error. By adding redundant bits and dividing the array into individual unit capacitors, the Split-SAR method can estimate the mismatch and correct the digital output code. The results from this work show a reduction in the non-linear distortion with the ability to converge in less than 750,000 samples

    The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 4: Detectors

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    The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around 250 GeV and on the Z0 pole. A comprehensive value estimate of the accelerator is give, together with associated uncertainties. It is shown that no significant technical issues remain to be solved. Once a site is selected and the necessary site-dependent engineering is carried out, construction can begin immediately. The TDR also gives baseline documentation for two high-performance detectors that can share the ILC luminosity by being moved into and out of the beam line in a "push-pull" configuration. These detectors, ILD and SiD, are described in detail. They form the basis for a world-class experimental programme that promises to increase significantly our understanding of the fundamental processes that govern the evolution of the Universe.Comment: See also http://www.linearcollider.org/ILC/TDR . The full list of signatories is inside the Repor

    The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC

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    ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 161626 m3 with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008

    Proceedings of the Scientific-Practical Conference "Research and Development - 2016"

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    talent management; sensor arrays; automatic speech recognition; dry separation technology; oil production; oil waste; laser technolog

    SuperB: A High-Luminosity Heavy Flavour Factory. Conceptual Design Report.

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    479 páginas.-- INFN/AE - 07/2, SLAC-R-856, LAL 07-15.-- et al.Work supported in part by US department of Energy contract DE-AC02-7 6SF00515. SuperB project.Peer reviewe

    Proceedings of the Scientific-Practical Conference "Research and Development - 2016"

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    talent management; sensor arrays; automatic speech recognition; dry separation technology; oil production; oil waste; laser technolog

    Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network: the next generation

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    The aim of this thesis is to ensure the continued operation and possible expansion of the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) through development of a new instrumentation paradigm known as BiSON-Mini. The first half of the thesis discusses the emergence of the field of helioseismology, and the history of the BiSON network. A comparison baseline is described by assessing the historic network performance in terms of duty cycle and noise levels, and in terms of atmospheric extinction. The baseline informs performance to be matched, or ideally exceeded, while developing prototype miniaturised instrumentation to complement the existing network. With a performance baseline described, in the second half of the thesis we develop prototype instrumentation that meets the requirements of simplicity and reduced physical footprint. The overall noise characteristics of the prototype system were assessed during an observing campaign over summer 2018 at Izana, Tenerife, and found to be comparable with the large-scale existing BiSON infrastructure allowing seamless integration. Following the results from this project, BiSON is certainly well placed to observe the next solar cycle and beyond
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