Cadaveric Organ Donation And Consent: A Comparative Analysis Of The United States, Japan, Singapore, And China

Due to the remarkable advances in medical science, the overall success in organ transplantation has led to one major problem - a shortage of human organs for transplantation

Do Presumed-Consent Laws Raise Organ Procurement Rates?

Abstract: In Western countries, the legal procurement of cadaveric human organs is everywhere organized as a gi -exchange. Yet despite this basic similarity, donation rates vary widely, and this fact is o en overlooked in debates about the merits of gi -versus marketbased systems. I investigate the sources of variation in procurement rates using time-series data from seventeen countries. I focus on the e ect of laws that (at least in principle) allow for the consent of the donor to be presumed, and the wishes of the next-of-kin to be overridden. Countries with presumed consent laws are found to have higher procurement rates, but the e ect is relatively weak. Evidence from two presumed-consent countries where procurement rates have grown rapidly (Spain and Italy) suggests that presumed consent laws are a marker for organizational practices that boost procurement rates rather than real causes of higher donation. Gi -giving and voluntary donation are the standard ways of obtaining organs for transplant, particularly organs like hearts and lungs which must come from the dead. Yet this gi -exchange does not happen everywhere in the same way or to the same extent. Despite the universality of voluntary donation, there is considerable crossnational variation in donor procurement rates. Some countries do much better than others. is variability has not received the attention it deserves, partly because the dominant ethical and policy debates focus on the relative merits of voluntary versus market systems. is has had two consequences. First, these debates tend to draw a sharp contrast between gi -and market-based systems, encouraging us to think in terms of a clear choice between the two. e assumption is that once the overall exchange system is xed, certain consequences for the volume and composition of the supply will tend to follow more or less directly. Second, there is a tendency for Donation is also the main source of organs from living donors, a growing illegal trade in organ sales notwithstanding. See Scheper-Hughes ( ) and Cohen ( ) for accounts of the black market in organs. consentlaw.tex Rev 1.

Factors affecting a decision on cadaveric organ donation in Black African families

Bibliography: leaves 45-49.Black Africans continue to be the group with low consent for cadaveric organ donation However, the number of African Black patients with organ malfunctioning or failure continues to rise. Feelings associated with death and the novelty of the concept of organ donation to Blacks hinder the process of organ donation. Previous research indicate that although organ removal is not new in the Black African culture, its use for medical purposes is a recent development . This study explores factors that have affected the decision of Black African families regarding cadaveric organ donation . It focuses on families which have been requested to donate by the Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) transplant co-ordinators from 1994 to 1996 Further, it examines whether the attitudes held at the time of the request have changed. An understanding of the factors and recommendations are offered at the end

Acceptance of living liver donation among medical students: A multicenter stratified study from Spain

AIM: To analyze the attitude of Spanish medical students toward living liver donation (LLD) and to establish which factors have an influence on this attitude. METHODS: STUDY TYPE: A sociological, interdisciplinary, multicenter and observational study. STUDY POPULATION: Medical students enrolled in Spain (n = 34000) in the university academic year 2010-2011. SAMPLE SIZE: A sample of 9598 students stratified by geographical area and academic year. Instrument used to measure attitude: A validated questionnaire (PCID-DVH RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. Data collection procedure: Randomly selected medical schools. The questionnaire was applied to each academic year at compulsory sessions. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student´s t test, ?(2) test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The completion rate was 95.7% (n = 9275). 89% (n = 8258) were in favor of related LLD, and 32% (n = 2937) supported unrelated LLD. The following variables were associated with having a more favorable attitude: (1) age (P = 0.008); (2) sex (P < 0.001); (3) academic year (P < 0.001); (4) geographical area (P = 0.013); (5) believing in the possibility of needing a transplant oneself in the future (P < 0.001); (6) attitude toward deceased donation (P < 0.001); (7) attitude toward living kidney donation (P < 0.001); (8) acceptance of a donated liver segment from a family member if one were needed (P < 0.001); (9) having discussed the subject with one's family (P < 0.001) and friends (P < 0.001); (10) a partner's opinion about the subject (P < 0.001); (11) carrying out activities of an altruistic nature; and (12) fear of the possible mutilation of the body after donation (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Spanish medical students have a favorable attitude toward LLD