Endocrine glands and hypertension.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityLiterature Review: The definition, history classification types, and possible etiological factors of hypertension have been review in detail. The theories of neurogenic origin, endocrine origin(including adrenal cortex, medulla. pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, gonad, pancreas), and renal origin have been presented. The relationship between the various steroids produced by different endocrines is reviewed. Material, Methods and Results: Heart weights of 500gms. in males or 450. gms females or more. were taken to indicate hypertension. Those weighing less than 400 gms. in males or 300 gms. in females were considered non-hypertensive. Blood pressure readings of 150/100 or more were considered hypertensive for any age and no case was accepted as normotensive controls if there was a record of a systolic pressure over 140 or diastolic pressure over 90 mgm. of mercury. All cases of valvular disease of the heart were discarded. [TRUNCATED

Endocrine glands and hypertension.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityLiterature Review: The definition, history classification types, and possible etiological factors of hypertension have been review in detail. The theories of neurogenic origin, endocrine origin(including adrenal cortex, medulla. pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, gonad, pancreas), and renal origin have been presented. The relationship between the various steroids produced by different endocrines is reviewed. Material, Methods and Results: Heart weights of 500gms. in males or 450. gms females or more. were taken to indicate hypertension. Those weighing less than 400 gms. in males or 300 gms. in females were considered non-hypertensive. Blood pressure readings of 150/100 or more were considered hypertensive for any age and no case was accepted as normotensive controls if there was a record of a systolic pressure over 140 or diastolic pressure over 90 mgm. of mercury. All cases of valvular disease of the heart were discarded. [TRUNCATED

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 117, July 1973

This special bibliography lists 353 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in July 1973

Neue nicht-adrenerge, endokrine Mediatoren der Braunfett-Thermogenese

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a heater organ that is activated in the cold to defend body temperature. Due to its ability to metabolize stored chemical energy and thereby effectively remove it, BAT is a promising target to develop new therapies for common metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia. In the present study non-adrenergic, endocrine activators of BAT thermogenesis have been identified and characterized.Braunes Fettgewebe (BAT) ist ein Heizorgan, welches in Kälte zur Verteidigung der Körpertemperatur aktiviert wird. Aufgrund seiner Fähigkeit, gespeicherte chemische Energie zu metabolisieren und dadurch effektiv zu entfernen, ist BAT ein vielversprechender Angriffspunkt für die Entwicklung neuer Therapien für weitverbreitete Stoffwechselerkrankungen wie Fettleibigkeit, Diabetes und Dyslipidämien. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden nicht-adrenerge, endokrine Aktivatoren der Braunfett-Thermogenese identifiziert und charakterisiert

Studies on the role of formyl peptide receptors in pituitary and adrenal function

The mechanism by which glucocorticoids (GCs) achieve negative feedback on the release of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones has long been under investigation. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a key mediator of the effects of GCs within the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Previous research suggested the negative feedback effect of the GC-ANXA1 system on the pituitary release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was mediated via a member of the formyl peptide receptor (Fpr in rodents, FPR in humans) family. The present work tested the hypothesis that specific Fpr/FPR subtypes modulate both pituitary and adrenal function in terms of stress hormone (ACTH and corticosterone) secretion (following exposure to secretagogues CRH and ACTH or the inflammogen LPS in rats), and their tissue distribution (mice and rats) will itself be upregulated following inflammogenic stress (LPS in mice and rats, multiple sclerosis in human tissue). This was achieved through 1) immunohistochemical detection of FPR1, FPR2/ALX, and FPR3 in human anterior pituitary sections, and of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in HPA axis tissues from Fpr2/3-/-, GFP+/+ mice; 2) measurement of basal and stimulated ACTH and GC release from dispersed rat anterior pituitary and adrenal cells, incubated with agonists and antagonists for FPR1, FPR2/ALX and FPR3, namely, formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF), ANXA1 amino-acetylated peptide (ANXA1Ac2-26), Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-met (WKYMVm), haem-binding protein fragment (F2L), aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 (15-epi-LXA4), and Trp-Arg-Trp-Trp-Trp-Trp (WRW4). These ligands were found to elicit a range of modulatory, concentration-dependent effects on pituitary ACTH and adrenal GC secretion. Evidence was found for the spatial distribution of: FPR3 and FPR2/ALX within the human anterior pituitary, and GFP (as a surrogate for Fpr2/3) colocalised with ACTH, growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL) within the Fpr2/3-/-, GFP+/+ mouse pituitary. The findings contribute evidence in support of a role of Fpr/FPR subtypes and their ligands as modulators of pituitary and adrenal hormone release.Open Acces