13,784,477 research outputs found
50/50 by 2020: poverty and redistributive politics in post-independence Fiji
The affirmative action program launched by the Fiji Government in 2002 espoused a '50/50 by 2020' vision; that is, by the year 2020, some 50 per cent of all economic activities would be owned by the indigenous population. The surprising impact of this heavy-handed redistribution of income and wealth from the non-indigenous to the indigenous population has been poverty-raising. One in eight in the population lived in poverty in 1977, the figure had risen to one in four by 1990/91 and one in three by 2002/2003; and on current trends, would reach one in two (that is 50 per cent) by 2020. Such an outcome would be a direct consequence of these redistributive policies. While the politics of redistribution may have been compelling, its economic costs, including the impact on poverty, are devastating. The 2006 military takeover was executed to rid the country of corruption and race-based politics. Achieving these goals may have a bonus in terms of reversing the rise in poverty. Only time will tell
Signs of low frequency dispersions in disordered binary dielectric mixtures (50-50)
Dielectric relaxation in disordered dielectric mixtures are presented by
emphasizing the interfacial polarization. The obtained results coincide with
and cause confusion with those of the low frequency dispersion behavior. The
considered systems are composed of two phases on two-dimensional square and
triangular topological networks. We use the finite element method to calculate
the effective dielectric permittivities of randomly generated structures. The
dielectric relaxation phenomena together with the dielectric permittivity
values at constant frequencies are investigated, and significant differences of
the square and triangular topologies are observed. The frequency dependent
properties of some of the generated structures are examined. We conclude that
the topological disorder may lead to the normal or anomalous low frequency
dispersion if the electrical properties of the phases are chosen properly, such
that for ``slightly'' {\em reciprocal mixture}--when , and
--normal, and while for ``extreme'' {\em reciprocal
mixture}--when , and --anomalous
low frequency dispersions are obtained. Finally, comparison with experimental
data indicates that one can obtain valuable information from simulations when
the material properties of the constituents are not available and of
importance.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Anomalous electrical conductivity in rapidly crystallized CuZr (x = 50 - 66.6) alloys
CuZr (x = 50, 54, 60 and 66.6) polycrystalline alloys were
prepared by arc-melting. The crystal structure of the ingots has been examined
by X-ray diffraction. Non-equilibrium martensitic phases with monoclinic
structure were detected in all the alloys except CuZr.
Temperature dependencies of electrical resistivity in the temperature range of
T = 4 - 300 K have been measured as well as room temperature values of Hall
coefficients and thermal conductivity. Electrical resistivity demonstrates
anomalous behavior. At the temperatures lower than 20 K, their temperature
dependencies are non-monotonous with pronounced minima. At elevated
temperatures they have sufficiently non-linear character which cannot be
described within framework of the standard Bloch--Gr\"{u}neisen model. We
propose generalized Bloch--Gr\"{u}neisen model with variable Debye temperature
which describes experimental resistivity dependencies with high accuracy. We
found that both the electrical resistivity and the Hall coefficients reveal
metallic-type conductivity in the Cu-Zr alloys. The estimated values of both
the charge carrier mobility and the phonon contribution to thermal and electric
conductivity indicate the strong lattice defects and structure disorder.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
50 years in the Landau Institute environment
It is impossible to review all the fundamental works of Landau Institute,
which made important contribution to physics in general. Here I will discuss
only a part of these works, only those which directly influence my own work
during 50 years (1968-2018). Khalatnikov created the unique Institute, where
practically all important areas of theoretical physics have been represented,
opening broad possibilities for collaboration. The multidisciplinary
environment of the Landau Institute was the main element of inspiration.Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures, article dedicated to the 100th anniversary of
Khalatninko
Absolute astrometry in the next 50 years
With Gaia in orbit since December 2013 it is time to look at the future of
fundamental astrometry and a time frame of 50 years is needed in this matter. A
space mission with Gaia-like astrometric performance is required, but not
necessarily a Gaia-like satellite. It should be studied whether this can be
obtained within the budget of a medium-size ESA mission. A dozen science issues
for a Gaia successor mission in twenty years, with launch about 2033, are
presented and in this context also other possibilities for absolute astrometry
with milliarcsecond (mas) or sub-mas accuracies are discussed. The three
powerful techniques: VLBI, the MICADO camera on the E-ELT, and the LSST are
described and documented by literature references and by an extensive
correspondence with leading astronomers who readily responded with all the
information I needed. In brief, the two Gaia-like missions would provide an
astrometric foundation for all branches of astronomy from the solar system and
stellar systems, including exo-planet systems, to compact galaxies, quasars and
dark matter (DM) substructures by data which cannot be surpassed in the next 50
years. - In April 2017 ESA selected our proposal Hobbs et al. (2016) for study
of a detector with NIR sensitivity for a Gaia successor mission, called
GaiaNIR.Comment: 36 pages, 7 figures. Updates up to 12 June 2017 are included. Author
- [email protected]
Towards a first principles description of phonons in NiPt disordered alloys: the role of relaxation
Using a combination of density-functional perturbation theory and the
itinerant coherent potential approximation, we study the effects of atomic
relaxation on the inelastic incoherent neutron scattering cross sections of
disordered NiPt alloys. We build on previous work, where
empirical force constants were adjusted {\it ad hoc} to agree with experiment.
After first relaxing all structural parameters within the local-density
approximation for ordered NiPt compounds, density-functional perturbation
theory is then used to compute phonon spectra, densities of states, and the
force constants. The resulting nearest-neighbor force constants are first
compared to those of other ordered structures of different stoichiometry, and
then used to generate the inelastic scattering cross sections within the
itinerant coherent potential approximation. We find that structural relaxation
substantially affects the computed force constants and resulting inelastic
cross sections, and that the effect is much more pronounced in random alloys
than in ordered alloys.Comment: 8 pages, 3 eps figures, uses revtex
Quantum Chaos in A=46--50 Atomic Nuclei
The spectral statistics of low--lying states of several shell nuclei are
studied with realistic shell--model calculations. For Ca isotopes, we find
significant deviations from the predictions of the random--matrix theory which
suggest that some spherical nuclei are not as chaotic in nature as the
conventional view assumes.Comment: 12 pages, LaTex, 2 figures available upon request, to be published in
Physics Letters
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