8,195 research outputs found
3D Face Morphing Attacks: Generation, Vulnerability and Detection
Face Recognition systems (FRS) have been found to be vulnerable to morphing
attacks, where the morphed face image is generated by blending the face images
from contributory data subjects. This work presents a novel direction for
generating face-morphing attacks in 3D. To this extent, we introduced a novel
approach based on blending 3D face point clouds corresponding to contributory
data subjects. The proposed method generates 3D face morphing by projecting the
input 3D face point clouds onto depth maps and 2D color images, followed by
image blending and wrapping operations performed independently on the color
images and depth maps. We then back-projected the 2D morphing color map and the
depth map to the point cloud using the canonical (fixed) view. Given that the
generated 3D face morphing models will result in holes owing to a single
canonical view, we have proposed a new algorithm for hole filling that will
result in a high-quality 3D face morphing model. Extensive experiments were
conducted on the newly generated 3D face dataset comprising 675 3D scans
corresponding to 41 unique data subjects and a publicly available database
(Facescape) with 100 data subjects. Experiments were performed to benchmark the
vulnerability of the {proposed 3D morph-generation scheme against} automatic
2D, 3D FRS, and human observer analysis. We also presented a quantitative
assessment of the quality of the generated 3D face-morphing models using eight
different quality metrics. Finally, we propose three different 3D face Morphing
Attack Detection (3D-MAD) algorithms to benchmark the performance of 3D face
morphing attack detection techniques.Comment: The paper is accepted at IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior
and Identity Scienc
Sketching-out virtual humans: A smart interface for human modelling and animation
In this paper, we present a fast and intuitive interface for sketching out
3D virtual humans and animation. The user draws stick figure key frames first and
chooses one for āfleshing-outā with freehand body contours. The system
automatically constructs a plausible 3D skin surface from the rendered figure, and
maps it onto the posed stick figures to produce the 3D character animation. A
ācreative model-based methodā is developed, which performs a human perception
process to generate 3D human bodies of various body sizes, shapes and fat
distributions. In this approach, an anatomical 3D generic model has been created with
three distinct layers: skeleton, fat tissue, and skin. It can be transformed sequentially
through rigid morphing, fatness morphing, and surface fitting to match the original
2D sketch. An auto-beautification function is also offered to regularise the 3D
asymmetrical bodies from usersā imperfect figure sketches. Our current system
delivers character animation in various forms, including articulated figure animation,
3D mesh model animation, 2D contour figure animation, and even 2D NPR animation
with personalised drawing styles. The system has been formally tested by various
users on Tablet PC. After minimal training, even a beginner can create vivid virtual
humans and animate them within minutes
Towards a Real-Time Data Driven Wildland Fire Model
A wildland fire model based on semi-empirical relations for the spread rate
of a surface fire and post-frontal heat release is coupled with the Weather
Research and Forecasting atmospheric model (WRF). The propagation of the fire
front is implemented by a level set method. Data is assimilated by a morphing
ensemble Kalman filter, which provides amplitude as well as position
corrections. Thermal images of a fire will provide the observations and will be
compared to a synthetic image from the model state.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Morphological shape generation through user-controlled group metamorphosis
Morphological shape design is interpreted in this paper as a search for new shapes from a particular application domain represented by a set of selected shape instances. This paper proposes a new foundation for morphological shape design and generation. In contrast to existing generative procedures, an approach based on a user-controlled metamorphosis between functionally based shape models is presented. A formulation of the pairwise metamorphosis is proposed with a variety of functions described for the stages of deformation, morphing and offsetting. This formulation is then extended to the metamorphosis between groups of shapes with user-defined, dynamically correlated and weighted feature elements. A practical system was implemented in the form of plugin to Maya and tested by an industrial designer on a group of representative shapes from a particular domain. Ā© 2013 Elsevier Ltd
Hybrid Evolutionary Shape Manipulation for Efficient Hull Form Design Optimisation
āEco-friendly shippingā and fuel efficiency are gaining much attention in the maritime industry due to increasingly stringent environmental regulations and volatile fuel prices. The shape of hull affects the overall performance in efficiency and stability of ships. Despite the advantages of simulation-based design, the application of a formal optimisation process in actual ship design work is limited. A hybrid approach which integrates a morphing technique into a multi-objective genetic algorithm to automate and optimise the hull form design is developed. It is envisioned that the proposed hybrid approach will improve the hydrodynamic performance as well as overall efficiency of the design process
From 4D medical images (CT, MRI, and Ultrasound) to 4D structured mesh models of the left ventricular endocardium for patient-specific simulations
With cardiovascular disease (CVD) remaining the primary cause of death worldwide, early detection of CVDs becomes essential. The intracardiac flow is an important component of ventricular function, motion kinetics, wash-out of ventricular chambers, and ventricular energetics. Coupling between Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and medical images can play a fundamental role in terms of patient-specific diagnostic tools. From a technical perspective, CFD simulations with moving boundaries could easily lead to negative volumes errors and the sudden failure of the simulation. The generation of high-quality 4D meshes (3D in space + time) with 1-to-l vertex becomes essential to perform a CFD simulation with moving boundaries. In this context, we developed a semiautomatic morphing tool able to create 4D high-quality structured meshes starting from a segmented 4D dataset. To prove the versatility and efficiency, the method was tested on three different 4D datasets (Ultrasound, MRI, and CT) by evaluating the quality and accuracy of the resulting 4D meshes. Furthermore, an estimation of some physiological quantities is accomplished for the 4D CT reconstruction. Future research will aim at extending the region of interest, further automation of the meshing algorithm, and generating structured hexahedral mesh models both for the blood and myocardial volume
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