Geovisualization

Geovisualization involves the depiction of spatial data in an attempt to facilitate the interpretation of observational and simulated datasets through which Earth's surface and solid Earth processes may be understood. Numerous techniques can be applied to imagery, digital elevation models, and other geographic information system data layers to explore for patterns and depict landscape characteristics. Given the rapid proliferation of remotely sensed data and high-resolution digital elevation models, the focus is on the visualization of satellite imagery and terrain morphology, where manual human interpretation plays a fundamental role in the study of geomorphic processes and the mapping of landforms. A treatment of some techniques is provided that can be used to enhance satellite imagery and the visualization of the topography to improve landform identification as part of geomorphological mapping. Visual interaction with spatial data is an important part of exploring and understanding geomorphological datasets, and a variety of methods exist ranging across simple overlay, panning and zooming, 2.5D, 3D, and temporal analyses. Specific visualization outputs are also covered that focus on static and interactive methods of dissemination. Geomorphological mapping legends and the cartographic principles for map design are discussed, followed by details of dynamic web-based mapping systems that allow for greater immersive use by end users and the effective dissemination of data

Developing a Biophilic City through Natural Land Transformation Analysis and Geodesign: The case of Purbachal New Town, Bangladesh

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is one of the fastest-growing metropolitan regions in the world. To solve the ever-increasing need for housing and to reduce the pressure of the population from the capital city, the Purbachal satellite city was planned. It is the biggest planned township in Bangladesh with an area of over 25 square kilometers. Purbachal is situated at the confluence of the Shitalakhya and Balu rivers. Historically a low-lying wetland, Purbachal has gone through a rapid transformation in past decades. The water bodies around the area have been filled in to create new developable land. Through remote sensing and GIS analysis, this study investigates the transformation of wetland areas in Purbachal New Town. The study Investigates whether the new developments in the Purbachal New Town followed a natural topography or it was drastically modified from its natural conditions. The study also investigates how these changes in the inherent topographical nature of the area can influence the future of the city. The goal of the study is to explore the complex interrelation of different factors responsible for the growth of a city. The main aim is to formulate a realistic city planning process to synthesize systems city approach with the concept of Biophilic design to create spaces where people will be able to live in harmony with nature

Designing geovisual analytics environments and displays with humans in mind

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Proceedings. 9th 3DGeoInfo Conference 2014, [11-13 November 2014, Dubai]

It is known that, scientific disciplines such as geology, geophysics, and reservoir exploration intrinsically use 3D geo-information in their models and simulations. However, 3D geo-information is also urgently needed in many traditional 2D planning areas such as civil engineering, city and infrastructure modeling, architecture, environmental planning etc. Altogether, 3DGeoInfo is an emerging technology that will greatly influence the market within the next few decades. The 9th International 3DGeoInfo Conference aims at bringing together international state-of-the-art researchers and practitioners facilitating the dialogue on emerging topics in the field of 3D geo-information. The conference in Dubai offers an interdisciplinary forum of sub- and above-surface 3D geo-information researchers and practitioners dealing with data acquisition, modeling, management, maintenance, visualization, and analysis of 3D geo-information

Mapping the Landscape for Archaeological Detection, Preservation, and Interpretation: A Case Study in High Resolution Location Modeling from the Blue Mountains of Northeastern Oregon

Archaeological location modeling (ALM) is an important tool in most survey strategies, and has contributed substantially to economizing efforts to locate and characterize the archaeological record. The increasing availability of high resolution (\u3c3m) airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data has the potential to refine the application and ultimately the role of ALM. This research tests the precision and accuracy gained by incorporating lidar derived data into an ALM. The site records and other environmental data used in this study were all generated over the last four decades by the resource specialists of the Malheur National Forest. The Weights-of-Evidence (WofE) probability method (Bonham-Carter 1994) was used to produce two ALMs; one based on a 10m digital elevation model (DEM) created from satellite imaging, and the second from a 3m resolution lidar derived DEM. Independent variables (e.g., slope, aspect, distance to water, etc.) commonly used in ALM were largely replaced by index variables (e.g., slope position classification, topographic wetness index, etc.). The final models were classified into areas of high, medium, and low archaeological potential, then cross-validated against a reserved random dataset. Models were then compared using the Kvamme gain statistic and site to area frequency ratio. The 3m model demonstrated a significant improvement over the results obtained from the 10m model and the current probability model used in the study area. A number of factors including model resolution, statistical methodology, and the character of the independent and dependent variables all contributed to the increase in precision and accuracy. The incremental improvement in modeling efficiency demonstrated here will create time and cost saving in the management and preservation of cultural resources, and ultimately contribute to a better understanding of patterns of past human land use

Modifying and Extending the Geodesign Framework for Eco Campus Design Project

Geodesign is a theory proposed by Carl Steinitz in 2012 to integrate the scientific complexity and the participation of stakeholders into design profession in different types of projects. The framework of geodesign is a prototype methodology, so applying the framework to specific types of project requires to modify or extend to the framework since the characteristics of the project and the application of the new techniques. This paper reviews the geodesign theory and modifies and extends the framework for the eco college campus design project. This paper recognizes the design and research in the 2018 GT Shenzhen Campus workshop, which is to design a net-zero energy college campus, as a case and provide research outcome of the campus design project. The paper studies the application of the implementation of the representation, process, evaluation, change, and impact models in the geodesign framework and the interaction between each model. By studying the anticipatory, participatory, and constraining models in the workshop, the paper demonstrates the differentiation of the interaction between change models and the other models and recommends two modifications for the geodesign framework: changing the role of the traditional geospatial and specifying the research based on the change model applied. The first modification is for all the change models, while the second modification is for the models with certainty. The paper also discusses the introduction of the new model—parametric model. By indicating the benefits and pitfalls of the parametric model, the paper specifies it from the community level to the campus level, also proposes to integrate the model with the energy modeling after researching the energy consumption preliminarily. The modification and the extension proposed by the paper can be applied to design projects similar to the scenario of eco college campus design

Application of Geographic Information Systems

The importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can hardly be overemphasized in today’s academic and professional arena. More professionals and academics have been using GIS than ever – urban & regional planners, civil engineers, geographers, spatial economists, sociologists, environmental scientists, criminal justice professionals, political scientists, and alike. As such, it is extremely important to understand the theories and applications of GIS in our teaching, professional work, and research. “The Application of Geographic Information Systems” presents research findings that explain GIS’s applications in different subfields of social sciences. With several case studies conducted in different parts of the world, the book blends together the theories of GIS and their practical implementations in different conditions. It deals with GIS’s application in the broad spectrum of geospatial analysis and modeling, water resources analysis, land use analysis, infrastructure network analysis like transportation and water distribution network, and such. The book is expected to be a useful source of knowledge to the users of GIS who envision its applications in their teaching and research. This easy-to-understand book is surely not the end in itself but a little contribution to toward our understanding of the rich and wonderful subject of GIS

Evaluating the appropriateness of visually combining quantitative data representations with 3D desktop virtual environments using mixed methods

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