Black diners and tipping: An analysis of tipping culture amongst black restaurant diners

Tipping began as a means to gain prompt service. Today the practice serves as a primary source of income within the service industry. Within that time, Black diners have achieved the perception of being poor tippers. Throughout this paper, the author will discuss how the Jim Crow era aided in tipping. Additionally, this research examines how the government intervened to ensure discrimination in the workplace was eliminated. Finally, the paper will discuss the correlation of tipping in the United States society, its relations to cultural norms, and social constructs. These topics will support the tie discrimination has to tipping. This project utilizes second-hand research to strengthen the findings. Tipping connects to discrimination, and black diners have not benefitted from the system

Energy, Capital And Technological Change In Colombia: A Comparative Analysis With The United States

John Moroney, in his article "Energy, Capital and Technological Change in the United States" (1991), specifies and estimates aggregated production functions designed to identify the roles of capitallabor substitution, energylabor substitution and technological change as sources of labor productivity growth. My work is based on the paper of John Moroney mentioned above, and has the objective of making an analysis similar to that made by Moroney but in the Colombian context. The goal of this work is to identify the impact on labor productivity of energy, capital and technological change, using appropriated CobbDouglas models. The paper also presents a comparative analysis of two cases

Gestión de calidad para los procesos de rendición de cuentas en instituciones públicas del Ecuador

  La eficiencia y eficacia en los procesos que comprenden la gestión de las entidades públicas tiene más importancia en la sociedad ecuatoriana, a partir del principio constitucional donde se reconoce como derecho ciudadano y obligación de la institucionalidad pública, constituyéndose como un logro para la ciudadanía a fin de exigir transparencia en el accionar de las organizaciones. Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar los sustentos teóricos de la gestión de calidad para los procesos de rendición de cuentas en instituciones públicas del Ecuador, permitiendo aplicar una metodología de tipo descriptiva basada en la revisión bibliográfica y documental porque procura obtener, seleccionar, compilar, organizar, interpretar y analizar información sobre las variables de estudios a partir de fuentes documentales. Que permiten compilar una revisión teórica de las variables gestión de calidad y rendición de cuentas, así como de los procesos y etapas que las instituciones públicas deben cumplir para la generación de informes de calidad y pueda cumplir con un proceso de calidad acorde a este estándar internacional para alcanzar las metas establecidas.   Palabras clave: Gestión; calidad; rendición de cuentas, instituciones públicas, responsabilidad social.   ABSTRACT Efficiency and effectiveness in the processes that comprise the management of public entities is more important in Ecuadorian society, based on the constitutional principle where it is recognized as a citizen’s right and an obligation of public institutions, becoming an achievement for citizens in order to demand transparency in the actions of organizations. This article aims to analyze the theoretical underpinnings of quality management for accountability processes in public institutions in Ecuador, allowing the application of a descriptive methodology based on bibliographic and documentary review because it seeks to obtain, select, compile, organize , interpret and analyze information on the study variables from documentary sources. That allow compiling a theoretical review of the variables quality management and accountability, as well as the processes and stages that public institutions must comply with for the generation of quality reports and can comply with a quality process according to this international standard to achieve the established goals.   Keywords: Quality; accountability, public institutions, social responsability

Identification of glycosylation sites essential for surface expression of the Caᵥα2δ1 subunit and modulation of the Cardiac Caᵥ1.2 channel activity

Alteration in the L-type current density is one aspect of the electrical remodeling observed in patients suffering from cardiac arrhythmias. Changes in channel function could result from variations in the protein biogenesis, stability, post-translational modification, and/or trafficking in any of the regulatory subunits forming cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel complexes. CaVα2δ1 is potentially the most heavily N-glycosylated subunit in the cardiac L-type CaV1.2 channel complex. Here, we show that enzymatic removal of N-glycans produced a 50-kDa shift in the mobility of cardiac and recombinant CaVα2δ1 proteins. This change was also observed upon simultaneous mutation of the 16 Asn sites. Nonetheless, the mutation of only 6/16 sites was sufficient to significantly 1) reduce the steady-state cell surface fluorescence of CaVα2δ1 as characterized by two-color flow cytometry assays and confocal imaging; 2) decrease protein stability estimated from cycloheximide chase assays; and 3) prevent the CaVα2δ1-mediated increase in the peak current density and voltage-dependent gating of CaV1.2. Reversing the N348Q and N812Q mutations in the non-operational sextuplet Asn mutant protein partially restored CaVα2δ1 function. Single mutation N663Q and double mutations N348Q/N468Q, N348Q/N812Q, and N468Q/N812Q decreased protein stability/synthesis and nearly abolished steady-state cell surface density of CaVα2δ1 as well as the CaVα2δ1-induced up-regulation of L-type currents. These results demonstrate that Asn-663 and to a lesser extent Asn-348, Asn-468, and Asn-812 contribute to protein stability/synthesis of CaVα2δ1, and furthermore that N-glycosylation of CaVα2δ1 is essential to produce functional L-type Ca2+ channels

The design of 3D cyberspace as user interface: Advantages and limitations

Virtual reality propagandists, technologists and the Internet community have long debated the issue of the usability of online three-dimensional (3D) environments. A lot of work was published about the benefits of 3D spaces for human-computer interaction and information visualisation due to their realism (Anders, Kalawsky, Crossley, Davies, McGrath, Rejman-Greene, 1998, Hamit, 1993, Heim, 1992, Aukstakalnis, Blatner, Roth, 1992). This topic also receives continuous industry support including standardisation of Virtual Reality Modeling Language ( VRML, VRML Consortium, 1997) and the more recent Macromedia & Intel alliance to bring web 3D to the mainstream (200 1, Intel Corporation). The actual implementation of this technology is, however, still challenging (McCarthy & Descartes, 1998) and minimal because 3D is too new and waiting for good design to be discovered (Nielsen, 1998). The practical aim of this project is to fulfil the niche by creating a functional 3D interface for the access of two-dimensional (2D) information, such as text, using VRML. The theoretical aim is to contribute to further research into 3D usability by describing and analysing the design process in terms of possibilities, challenges and limitations

Impelementasi Manajemen Sarana dan Prasarana di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

Sarana dan prasarana pendidikan adalah salah satu dari beberapa sumber daya yang penting dalam kemajuan suatu lembaga. Penelitian ini bertujuan; 1) Untuk mendiskripsikan implementasi manajemen sarana prasarana di SMK, 2) Untuk mendeskripsikan proses manajemen sarana dan prasarana di SMK. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian yang data-datanya berupa kata-kata yang berasal dari wawancara, catatan laporan, dokumen yang didalamnya mengutamakan untuk pendiskripsian. Penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa, implementasi manajemen sarana prasarana di SMK dilakukan secara optimal dan proses manajemen sarana prasarana pendidikan di SMK dilaksanakan secara berurutan, dimulai dari perencanaan pengadaan, pengadaan, pemeliharaan, inventarisasi dan penghapusan agar selalu dalam kondisi rapih, tertib dan teratur