Arvo Haug 80

Eesti Arst 2018; 97(5):284 &nbsp

The organizational implementation of information systems: towards a new theory

This dissertation provides fundamental conceptual building blocks for a new theory of IS implementation. The main argument presented is for a new perspective to supplement and complement the main existing perspectives on IS implementation: the technological determinist perspective, the managerial imperative perspective, and the socio-technical interactionist perspective. in this the research seeks to overcomes identified shortcomings of these existing approaches to understanding IS implementation. The research methodology emphasizes multidisciplinary theory-building, based on the resource-based approach to strategy, using autopoiesis as the key organizational epistemology. The research explores the concept of organizational climate dimensions as the shapers of organizational contexts, and relates these to information systems research in implementation. The new perspective developed emphasizes managerial action and organizational contexts as a mid-level approach, bridging the gap between top-down, rationalist methods and bottom-up, emergent approaches. Based on this conceptual framework, the context for IS corporate governance is operationalized and presented as a causal model with five independent variables - IS Intent, Discipline, Trust, Support and Structural IS-related factors and one independent variable. IS-Organizational Learning. Data collection is carried out in large Portuguese companies by means of a postal questionnaire. The empirical data is supplemented by five short case studies. The key conclusions of the thesis are: (1) The duality managerial action - organizational contexts opens up whole new possibilities for research and practice of IS implementation. (2) The use of the notion of organizational contexts dimensions as a research tool allows the analysis to go deeper than the vague generalization about organizations found in most current literature. (3) The use of quantitative methods to investigate IS-related organizational contexts is not suitable, except for descriptive purposes; semi-structured interviews and in-depth case studies are recommended. (4) Two specific dimensions of IS-related contexts are suggested as topics for further investigation: IS Intent and IS structural factors

Turbulent mixing

The ability of turbulent flows to effectively mix entrained fluids to a molecular scale is a vital part of the dynamics of such flows, with wide-ranging consequences in nature and engineering. It is a considerable experimental, theoretical, modeling, and computational challenge to capture and represent turbulent mixing which, for high Reynolds number (Re) flows, occurs across a spectrum of scales of considerable span. This consideration alone places high-Re mixing phenomena beyond the reach of direct simulation, especially in high Schmidt number fluids, such as water, in which species diffusion scales are one and a half orders of magnitude smaller than the smallest flow scales. The discussion below attempts to provide an overview of turbulent mixing; the attendant experimental, theoretical, and computational challenges; and suggests possible future directions for progress in this important field

Appetite, energy intake and resting metabolic responses to 60 min treadmill running performed in a fasted versus a postprandial state.

This study investigated the effect of fasted and postprandial exercise on appetite, energy intake and resting metabolic responses. Twelve healthy males (mean±SD: age 23±3 years, body mass index 22.9±2.1 kg m(-2), maximum oxygen uptake 57.5±9.7 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) performed three 10 h experimental trials (control, fasted exercise and postprandial exercise) in a Latin Square design. Trials commenced at 8 am after an overnight fast. Sixty min of treadmill running at ∼70% of maximum oxygen uptake was performed at 0-1 h in the fasted exercise trial and 4-5 h in the postprandial exercise trial. A standardised breakfast was provided at 1.5 h and ad libitum buffet meals at 5.5 and 9.5 h. Appetite ratings and resting expired air samples were collected throughout each trial. Postprandial exercise suppressed appetite to a greater extent than fasted exercise. Ad libitum energy intake was not different between trials, resulting in a negative energy balance in exercise trials relative to control after accounting for differences in energy expenditure (control: 9774±2694 kJ; fasted exercise: 6481±2318 kJ; postprandial exercise: 6017±3050 kJ). These findings suggest that 60 min treadmill running induces a negative daily energy balance relative to a sedentary day but is no more effective when performed before or after breakfast

PERANAN PRAKTEK-PRAKTEK MANAJEMEN MANUSIA PADA KINERJA OPERASIONAL : PENGENALAN PADA LINTAS NEGARA DAN INDUSTRI

The human resource management practices strategically become an attractive topic to be reviewed, from some research that had been done before, it was known that human resource management practices had great influences to the whole organizational performance, but only a few reviewed especially the role of human resource management practices in correlation with operational management, and to generalize the findings across countries and industries. Actually the success of some business decisions (especially related with globalization and acquisition) necessitates recognition and reconciliation of the differences among human resource management practices in different countries and industries. The review of human resource management practices in this paper used Pfeffer's proposal about seven HRM practices in the context of country and industry, where each of this element of HRM practices had a role towards operational practices. The review was found that seven HRM practices proposed by Pfeffer had a great role to increase operational performance and could be formulated into one ideal system to be performed in the context of country and industry

Feeding back Information on Ineligibility from Sample Surveys to the Frame

It is usually discovered in the data collection phase of a survey that some units in the sample are ineligible even if the frame information has indicated otherwise. For example, in many business surveys a nonnegligible proportion of the sampled units will have ceased trading since the latest update of the frame. This information may be fed back to the frame and used in subsequent surveys, thereby making forthcoming samples more efficient by avoiding sampling nonnegligible units. We investigate what effect on survey estimation the process of feeding back information on ineligibility may have, and derive an expression for the bias that can occur as a result of feeding back. The focus is on estimation of the total using the common expansion estimator. We obtain an estimator that is nearly unbiased in the presence of feed back. This estimator relies on consistent estimates of the number of eligible and ineligible units in the population being available

Why growth equals power - and why it shouldn't : constructing visions of China

When discussing the success of China's transition from socialism, there is a tendency to focus on growth figures as an indication of performance. Whilst these figures are indeed impressive, we should not confuse growth with development and assume that the former necessarily automatically generates the latter. Much has been done to reduce poverty in China, but the task is not as complete as some observers would suggest; particularly in terms of access to health, education and welfare, and also in dealing with relative (rather than absolute) depravation and poverty. Visions of China have been constructed that exaggerate Chinese development and power in the global system partly to serve political interests, but partly due to the failure to consider the relationship between growth and development, partly due to the failure to disaggregate who gets what in China, and partly due to the persistence of inter-national conceptions of globalised production, trade, and financial flows

Performance of laser assisted micro-milling (laμmill) of titanium alloy using micro ball end mill

Laser assisted milling technique turns to be complicated and unpredictable when the machining size is scaled to micro level. Furthermore, less has been reported on the application of ball end mill in laser assisted micro milling. This study was carried out to evaluate and clarify the machining characteristics of micro ball end mill in laser assisted micro milling of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Finite element method (FEM) simulation of preheating was used to determine the machining parameters and the cutting tool to laser beam distance. The performance of laser assisted micro milling using micro ball end mill was evaluated via experimental works using various feed, feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed. The cutting force, tool wear, chip pattern, burr and machining surface conditions were compared between conventional micro milling and laser assisted micro milling. Machining simulation was also carried out to study and collect the supportive evidence to explain the chips formation mechanisms. The laser heating simulation model was built and validated to determine the cutting tool to laser beam distance. When the feed rates ranging from 52.5 to 210 mm/min, the workpiece temperature at machining region was increased from 128 °C to 178 °C when the cutting tool is located at 0.6 mm from the laser. At this condition, the creation of heat affected zone and melted zone were successfully avoided. This study has proven that laser assisted micro milling reduces the cutting force approximately 5 to 20 %, depending on the feed and depth of cut applied. However, it is also found out that the chip pattern has a strong correlation with tool wear rate and surface roughness. It was observed that loose arc chips were produced at the feed and depth of cut of 3.0 x 10-3 mm/flute and 0.02 mm, respectively. This type of chip is preferable due to less chip blocking, rubbing and chip compression effect. It is also proven that laser assisted micro milling technique is more effective when the workpiece temperature is increased to approximately 250 °C compared to 180 °C

Corruption: Debate with Danny Kaufmann

The audio is available on the Development Drums link: http://developmentdrums.org/284 shown above The transcript can be downloaded in the pdf file