Toward a Unified View of IS Certification: A Structured Literature Review on Theoretical Lenses

IS certifications are frequently used measures to alleviate consumers’ concerns or increase trust-worthiness toward service providers. Yet, scholarly work trying to understand the effects of IS certi-fication produces contradictory results. In particular, the diversity of theoretical lenses used renders it hard for researchers to stand on common ground. Utilizing a structured review of IS literature, we analyze more than 3100 articles to (1) identify commonly used theories for IS certification, (2) com-pare these theories using the certification ecosystem as conceptual basis, and (3) outline strengths and shortcomings of identified theoretical approaches. We contribute to the existent body of knowledge by presenting theoretical lenses in a structured way as well as evaluating their suitability in the context of IS certification. Our results suggest that some theories are well suited (e.g., Signal-ing Theory), yet researchers need to control for missing antecedents and avoid fragmentary use of theories. Further, we encourage researchers to draw on the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Cue Utilization/Consistency Theory as valuable, though underutilized theoretical lenses. Eventually, we suggest that future research should develop an integrated theoretical model since, according to our results, a blended theoretical lens may be most valuable to understand and predict the effectiveness of IS certification

Enhancing regulatory compliance by using artificial intelligence text mining to identify penalty clauses in legislation

As regulatory compliance (or compliance governance) becomes ever more challenging, attempts to engage IT solutions and especially artificial intelligence (AI) are on the rise. This paper suggest that regulatory compliance can be enhanced by employing an AI model trained to identify penalty clauses in the regulations. The paper provides the theoretical basis of machine learning for text classification and presents a two stage experiment of (1) training multiple models and selecting the best one; and (2) employing a sliding window detection in order to identify penalty clauses in regulation. Results benchmarked using an algorithm based penalties API suggests further development is needed

Benefits or risks: what influences novice drivers regarding adopting smart cars?

Level 4 autonomous vehicles (AVs) are smart vehicles that can move between two different points without any human interference. In 2018, the Saudi Arabian ban on female drivers was finally lifted, resulting in a large number of novice women drivers of different ages. The Kingdom might therefore be considered a risky place to drive, but AVs would help novices to reduce their fear of driving and reduce accidents. Previous studies focused narrowly on those who already had sufficient driving experience and held a valid driving license, but there were no studies on the adoption of smart cars by novice drivers. Based on a literature search, no studies had used a net valence model (NVM) for the adoption of AVs to understand their benefits/risks. Therefore, this study proposed an adoption model for AVs using an NVM to identify the benefit and risk factors that have an impact on beginner drivers’ adoption of autonomous vehicles. A survey method was applied using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from 1400 female Saudi novice drivers who had experience with driving AVs. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS Version 3. The results showed that individuals tended to ignore potential risks and focus instead on the potential benefits of using AVs. Performance expectancy, enjoyment, and effort expectancy were found to be positively related to the perceived advantages. On the other hand, the perceived risk as a construct did not have an impact on beginner drivers’ adoption of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, the major theoretical contribution of this study was the formation of a new NVM model by incorporating three more constructs, which were social influence, personal innovativeness, and alternatives. Finally, the enhanced NVM model could assist AV developers in identifying the expected benefits and drawbacks of AV adoption

Softwareprototypen als Beitrag zur Entscheidungsunterstützung in Energiewirtschaft, Hochschulinstituten und Prognoseanwendungen

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Privacy Intelligence: A Survey on Image Sharing on Online Social Networks

Image sharing on online social networks (OSNs) has become an indispensable part of daily social activities, but it has also led to an increased risk of privacy invasion. The recent image leaks from popular OSN services and the abuse of personal photos using advanced algorithms (e.g. DeepFake) have prompted the public to rethink individual privacy needs when sharing images on OSNs. However, OSN image sharing itself is relatively complicated, and systems currently in place to manage privacy in practice are labor-intensive yet fail to provide personalized, accurate and flexible privacy protection. As a result, an more intelligent environment for privacy-friendly OSN image sharing is in demand. To fill the gap, we contribute a systematic survey of 'privacy intelligence' solutions that target modern privacy issues related to OSN image sharing. Specifically, we present a high-level analysis framework based on the entire lifecycle of OSN image sharing to address the various privacy issues and solutions facing this interdisciplinary field. The framework is divided into three main stages: local management, online management and social experience. At each stage, we identify typical sharing-related user behaviors, the privacy issues generated by those behaviors, and review representative intelligent solutions. The resulting analysis describes an intelligent privacy-enhancing chain for closed-loop privacy management. We also discuss the challenges and future directions existing at each stage, as well as in publicly available datasets.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures. Under revie

Investigating business process elements: a journey from the field of Business Process Management to ontological analysis, and back

Business process modelling languages (BPMLs) typically enable the representation of business processes via the creation of process models, which are constructed using the elements and graphical symbols of the BPML itself. Despite the wide literature on business process modelling languages, on the comparison between graphical components of different languages, on the development and enrichment of new and existing notations, and the numerous definitions of what a business process is, the BPM community still lacks a robust (ontological) characterisation of the elements involved in business process models and, even more importantly, of the very notion of business process. While some efforts have been done towards this direction, the majority of works in this area focuses on the analysis of the behavioural (control flow) aspects of process models only, thus neglecting other central modelling elements, such as those denoting process participants (e.g., data objects, actors), relationships among activities, goals, values, and so on. The overall purpose of this PhD thesis is to provide a systematic study of the elements that constitute a business process, based on ontological analysis, and to apply these results back to the Business Process Management field. The major contributions that were achieved in pursuing our overall purpose are: (i) a first comprehensive and systematic investigation of what constitutes a business process meta-model in literature, and a definition of what we call a literature-based business process meta-model starting from the different business process meta-models proposed in the literature; (ii) the ontological analysis of four business process elements (event, participant, relationship among activities, and goal), which were identified as missing or problematic in the literature and in the literature-based meta-model; (iii) the revision of the literature-based business process meta-model that incorporates the analysis of the four investigated business process elements - event, participant, relationship among activities and goal; and (iv) the definition and evaluation of a notation that enriches the relationships between activities by including the notions of occurrence dependences and rationales

Context-aware Music Recommendation in the Car

Das Hören von Musik ist in unserer Gesellschaft zur wichtigsten Begleitaktivität geworden. Besonders das mobile und ubiquitäre Hören von Musik wurde in den letzten Jahren durch digitale Musikangebote sowie durch mobile Endgeräte wie MP3-Player oder Smartphones erweitert und vereinfacht. Die eigenen Musikbibliotheken werden zudem immer größer und stellen den Nutzer zunehmend vor Herausforderungen: Die Auswahl eines für die aktuelle Hörsituation passenden Musiktitels erweist sich als äußerst zeitaufwändig und erfordert zudem Interaktion mit dem System. Speziell beim Autofahren – einer der wichtigsten Hörsituationen von Musik – ist der Fahrer primär mit dem Führen des Fahrzeugs beschäftigt, dementsprechend können Musikempfehlungssysteme hier bei der Musikauswahl unterstützen. Die Berücksichtigung von Kontextparametern wie z.B. Umfeld, Straßenkategorie und Fahrtbelastung bei der Empfehlung kann dazu genutzt werden, besser auf Situationsänderungen zu reagieren. Diese speziellen Empfehlungssysteme werden als kontextorientierte Musikempfehlungssysteme bezeichnet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Kontext im Fahrzeug in Bezug auf die Musikeinspielung von Kunden- und Kontextseite näher zu betrachten. Hierdurch sollen Ansätze identifiziert werden, wie die Musik im Fahrzeug an die situationsspezifischen Musikwünsche des Nutzers angepasst werden kann. Weiterhin wird der Fahrer in komplexen Fahrsituationen weniger gefordert. Dazu wird zunächst aufgezeigt, welche Möglichkeiten kontextorientierte Musikempfehlung bietet, wie sich die spezielle Situation des Autofahrens in Bezug auf das Hören von Musik darstellt und welche Ansätze bisherige Systeme bieten. Anschließend werden eigene Nutzerstudien zur kontextorientierten Musikeinspielung im Fahrzeug vorgestellt. Die Erkenntnisse aus Theorie, Praxis und eigenen Studien werden zusammengeführt und iterativ in einen Prototypen, der die Musik kontextorientiert einspielt, implementiert und evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sich durch die kontextorientierte Musikempfehlung im Fahrzeug in den drei Bereichen Fahrsicherheit, Fahrkomfort und Fahrtwahrnehmung Vorteile gegenüber der klassischen Musikeinspielung für den Autofahrer ergeben.Listening to music has become the most important accompanying activity in our society. Especially mobile and ubiquitous listening to music has been enhanced and simplified in recent years by digital music and mobile devices, such as MP3-players or smartphones. Additionally, the music libraries of the users are getting bigger, leading to new challenges the users have to face. For example, the selection of an appropriate song for the current listening situation proves to be extremely time-consuming and also requires an interaction with the system. Especially while driving, which is one of the most important listening situations, the driver is primarily engaged with driving. A music recommender system may assist in the process of music selection. The consideration of context parameters such as environment, type of road and driving load can be used in the recommendation process to better respond to situational changes. These particular recommender systems are referred to as context-aware music recommender systems. The aim of this work is to examine the music listening situation in the car from two perspectives: the customer and the context side. This is intended to identify possibilities how music playback in the car can be adapted to user situation-specific music requests. Further, the driver may benefit from less cognitive load in complex driving situations. For this purpose, it is shown which possibilities are offered by context-aware music recommendation, how the specific situation of driving affects the music listening behavior and which approaches are used by existing systems. Subsequently, conducted user studies for context-aware music playback in the car will be presented. Insights from theory, practice and conducted user studies are brought together and iteratively implemented into a context-aware music recommender prototype, which is then evaluated. Results suggest that context-aware music recommendation in the vehicle has particular advantages over classical music services when it comes to road safety, driving comfort and driving performance

The Gamification of Crowdsourcing Systems: Empirical Investigations and Design

Recent developments in modern information and communication technologies have spawned two rising phenomena, gamification and crowdsourcing, which are increasingly being combined into gamified crowdsourcing systems. While a growing number of organizations employ crowdsourcing as a way to outsource tasks related to the inventing, producing, funding, or distributing of their products and services to the crowd – a large group of people reachable via the internet – crowdsourcing initiatives become enriched with design features from games to motivate the crowd to participate in these efforts. From a practical perspective, this combination seems intuitively appealing, since using gamification in crowdsourcing systems promises to increase motivations, participation and output quality, as well as to replace traditionally used financial incentives. However, people in large groups all have individual interests and motivations, which makes it complex to design gamification approaches for crowds. Further, crowdsourcing systems exist in various forms and are used for various tasks and problems, thus requiring different incentive mechanisms for different crowdsourcing types. The lack of a coherent understanding of the different facets of gamified crowdsourcing systems and the lack of knowledge about the motivational and behavioral effects of applying various types of gamification features in different crowdsourcing systems inhibit us from designing solutions that harness gamification’s full potential. Further, previous research canonically uses competitive gamification, although crowdsourcing systems often strive to produce cooperative outcomes. However, the potentially relevant field of cooperative gamification has to date barely been explored. With a specific focus on these shortcomings, this dissertation presents several studies to advance the understanding of using gamification in crowdsourcing systems

Virtualisierung von Beratungsleistungen: Grundlagen der digitalen Transformation in der Unternehmensberatung

Der Megatrend Digitalisierung verändert Unternehmen grundlegend. Das Ergebnis ist die weitreichende Virtualisierung von Leistungen, Prozessen, Organisationsstrukturen als auch ganzen Geschäftsmodellen. Unternehmensberatungen unterstützen ihre Klienten dabei, die Virtualisierung voranzutreiben und damit verbundene Potenziale auszuschöpfen. Einige Unternehmensberatungen haben bereits erkannt, dass die Virtualisierung auch für ihr eigenes Geschäftsmodell und ihre angebotenen Beratungsleistungen strategisch bedeutsam ist. In dieser Dissertation analysiert der Autor die Entwicklungen in diesem noch diffusen Feld und konstruiert Hilfsmittel zur Unterstützung von Unternehmensberatungen im digitalen Transformationsprozess. Fundierte Informationen über den Stand der Forschung und Praxis sind dabei ebenso Gegenstand seiner Forschung, wie Faktoren zur Analyse des Virtualisierungspotenzials oder zur Auswahl passender Technologien. Um gleichermaßen praktisch relevante wie rigorose Ergebnisse zu erzielen, wurden Unternehmensberater und Klienten in qualitativen und quantitativen Studien befragt. So wurde zum Beispiel eine großangelegte empirische Studie mit dem Bundesverband Deutscher Unternehmensberater (BDU) e.V. durchgeführt. Dabei wird herausgestellt, welchen Stellenwert die Virtualisierung heute in der Forschung und bei den Unternehmensberatungen hat, welche Hemmnisse bei der Virtualisierung bewältigt werden müssen, wie Technologietrends wirken und welche Formen der Virtualisierung heute und in Zukunft von strategischer Bedeutung sind. Am Ende der Dissertation werden Implikationen für Klienten, Unternehmensberatungen und die Forschung abgeleitet.The megatrend digitization changed business fundamentally. The result is the widespread virtualization of services, processes, organizational structures and entire business models. Consultancies help their clients to advance the virtualization and thus exploit related potentials. Some consultancies have already recognized that virtualization is of strategic importance for their own business model and its advisory services on offer. In this thesis the author analyses the developments in this still diffuse research field and designs tools to support consultancies in their own digital transformation process. Sound information on the state of research and practice are the most important object of his research, as factors for analyzing the potential virtualization or to select appropriate technologies. To achieve both practically relevant as rigorous results, business consultants and clients were interviewed in qualitative and quantitative studies. For example, a large empirical study was conducted with the Federal Association of German Management Consultants (Bundesverband Deutscher Unternehmensberater (BDU) e.V.). The author presents in this thesis how important virtualization is today, both in research and in the management consultancies, which barriers to virtualization and forms of technology must be managed and what forms of virtualization are now and in the future of strategic importance. At the end of the dissertation implications for clients, consultancies and research are derived