Transportation in McMinnville 100 Years Ago

Our project presents a historical view of transportation and its development in McMinnville in the 1910s, especially in 1912. McMinnville was incorporated as a town in 1876 and became a city in 1882. At the time, people still frequently rode horses (including stagecoaches), and the Yamhill River provided an early artery for pioneer travel and commerce. Then rails expanded in Oregon in the late 1800s and became a popular mode of transportation in the early 20th century. By the 1910s, horses, steamboats, rails, and cars were four major modes of transportation in McMinnville

Local Schooling: A brief history of the first six decades of formal education in the Fraser Fort George region

1. Local Schooling in the 1910s - South Fort George 2. Local Schooling in the 1910s - Central Fort George Above the Nechako 3. Local Schooling in the 1910s - Prince George, at the Confluence 4. Local Schooling in the 1910s - Along the East Line 5. Local Schooling in the 1910s - Schools On the Outskirts of Prince George 6. Local Schooling in the 1920s 7. Local Schooling in the 1930s 8. Local Schooling in the 1940s 9. Local Schooling in the 1950s 10. Local Schooling in the 1960s 11. Appendix: School Opening dates 12. ResourcesThis is a compilation of articles first written for the Prince George Retired Teachers’ Association newsletters between 2015 – 2020 explaining how formal schooling began in the Fraser Fort George region

From Smithian Growth to Schumpeterian Development: An Inquiry into the Development of the Kiryu Weaving District in the Early 20th Century Japan

This study finds that the process of evolutionary development of the Kiryu weaving district in Japan from 1895 to 1930 can be divided into the two phases, i.e., Smithian growth based on the inter-firm division of labor using hand looms and Schumpeterian development based on factory system using power looms. Weaving manufacturers-cum-contractors led Smithian growth by organizing sub-contracts with out-weavers in rural villages among others, thereby contributing to the steady growth in production. Newly emerged joint stock firms played a role of genuine entrepreneurs by realizing significant scale economies and transforming the traditional weaving district into a cluster of large modern factories.industrial district, Smithian growth, Schumpeterian development, weaving industry, 20th century Japan

Time Trends for Agricultural Crop Production in Saskatchewan, Canada: 1905-2011

Saskatchewan, Canada, with a total land area of 651,900 km^2^, is one of the world’s most productive agricultural cropping regions. Approximately 44% of Canada's total cultivated farmland is in the province. In 2008, the total export value of crops was CAD$8.34 billion. Over the past century, changing industry economics and advances in scientific, technical, and engineering knowledge and practices have affected the amount and type of crops produced. The current work examines time trends for agricultural crop production since Saskatchewan was created in 1905. While yields of all crops have generally increased over time, total production trends vary widely by crop, warranting more detailed investigations into the socio-economical and technological drivers behind such changes

The Sustainable Architectural Values of Eclectic Style Shophouses Case Study: Sun Yat Sen Museum Penang, Malaysia

The Sun Yat Sen shophouse in Penang is a small private Museum, which was converted from a shophouse or townhouse situated in theArmenian Street heritage area of George Town. The building is an example of embraces of the architectural heritage of George Town which is an extraordinarily beautiful example of Straits Settlements merchant's shophouse.Historically, it is associated with the global historical personality of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and hisrevolutionary. This city was added to the UNESCO's world heritage list in 2008 to acknowledge its rich cultural heritage that constitutes of unique architectural and cultural townscape along the Straits of Melaka. This paper investigates the architectural plan of a shophouse and the valuesof cultural heritage buildingswhich eventually was converted into a Museum in George Town, Penang. Classified as an eclectic style shophouse, it is rich in design and art components featured in its architecture that are still sustaining until today. This building has an interesting mixture of architectural and cultural inspirations adapted from the Chinese origin, with the local Malay ethnicity and the European influencesthat colonised the region. The introduction of new non related architectural components into the southern Chinese (eclectic style) style in shophouses in George Town has resulted in the disappearance of this unique style of architecture. This investigation employs a qualitative research approach by documenting evidence and understanding the architectural as well as cultural influences of the southern Chineseeclectic style by studying the Sun Yat Sen Museum as a case study. The findings of the research point towards an understanding of the architectural and cultural influences that govern the design of the shophouse and its architectural character

Sunk costs and the dynamics of creative industries

This chapter examines the long-run evolution of modern entertainment industries such as the film and music industries. It investigates ways to conceptualise and quantify the subsequent waves of creative destruction, and investigates specifically how sunk costs affect the evolution of the industry through its interaction with variety, market integration, product differentiation and price discrimination, and how old entertainment formats almost never became extinct. It finds that within this framework, four economic tendencies shaped the entertainment industries evolution: first, endogenous sunk costs often led to a competitive escalation of production expenditures, which we call ‘quality races’, which increased industrial concentration. Second, the fact that marginal revenues largely equalled marginal profits led to extreme vertical integration through ownership or revenue-sharing contracts, as well as to an oversupply of variety and a dual market structure with high-concept blockbuster products and low-budget niche products. Third, entertainment’s public good characteristics led to substantial income inequality among creative inputs and business models optimising exclusion possibilities in the value chain. Finally, the project-based character of entertainment production implied large intra- and inter-industry agglomeration benefits and often led to geographical concentration. Dynamic product differentiation allowed various old formats to survive the waves of creative destruction, albeit in much smaller incarnations

The Emergence of Modern Banking System in the Philippines during the American Colonial Period

This paper aims to map the emergence and development of modern banking system in the Philippines during the American colonial period. First, the Philippine foreign trade structure under American rule is briefly surveyed. Second, the process of the enactment of various banking laws and the characteristics of such laws are examined. Third, the emergence and development of the modern banking sector is traced to their important beginnings and tracked in their later stages, and fourth, the roles of foreign exchange banks, commercial banks, and government banks in the export economy are discussed through a critical consideration of certain and exemplary case studies.