1,990 research outputs found

    Recalibrating machine learning for social biases: demonstrating a new methodology through a case study classifying gender biases in archival documentation

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    This thesis proposes a recalibration of Machine Learning for social biases to minimize harms from existing approaches and practices in the field. Prioritizing quality over quantity, accuracy over efficiency, representativeness over convenience, and situated thinking over universal thinking, the thesis demonstrates an alternative approach to creating Machine Learning models. Drawing on GLAM, the Humanities, the Social Sciences, and Design, the thesis focuses on understanding and communicating biases in a specific use case. 11,888 metadata descriptions from the University of Edinburgh Heritage Collections' Archives catalog were manually annotated for gender biases and text classification models were then trained on the resulting dataset of 55,260 annotations. Evaluations of the models' performance demonstrates that annotating gender biases can be automated; however, the subjectivity of bias as a concept complicates the generalizability of any one approach. The contributions are: (1) an interdisciplinary and participatory Bias-Aware Methodology, (2) a Taxonomy of Gendered and Gender Biased Language, (3) data annotated for gender biased language, (4) gender biased text classification models, and (5) a human-centered approach to model evaluation. The contributions have implications for Machine Learning, demonstrating how bias is inherent to all data and models; more specifically for Natural Language Processing, providing an annotation taxonomy, annotated datasets and classification models for analyzing gender biased language at scale; for the Gallery, Library, Archives, and Museum sector, offering guidance to institutions seeking to reconcile with histories of marginalizing communities through their documentation practices; and for historians, who utilize cultural heritage documentation to study and interpret the past. Through a real-world application of the Bias-Aware Methodology in a case study, the thesis illustrates the need to shift away from removing social biases and towards acknowledging them, creating data and models that surface the uncertainty and multiplicity characteristic of human societies

    Information actors beyond modernity and coloniality in times of climate change:A comparative design ethnography on the making of monitors for sustainable futures in Curaçao and Amsterdam, between 2019-2022

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    In his dissertation, Mr. Goilo developed a cutting-edge theoretical framework for an Anthropology of Information. This study compares information in the context of modernity in Amsterdam and coloniality in Curaçao through the making process of monitors and develops five ways to understand how information can act towards sustainable futures. The research also discusses how the two contexts, that is modernity and coloniality, have been in informational symbiosis for centuries which is producing negative informational side effects within the age of the Anthropocene. By exploring the modernity-coloniality symbiosis of information, the author explains how scholars, policymakers, and data-analysts can act through historical and structural roots of contemporary global inequities related to the production and distribution of information. Ultimately, the five theses propose conditions towards the collective production of knowledge towards a more sustainable planet

    Forschungsbericht / Hochschule Mittweida

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    Literature Reviews in HCI: A Review of Reviews

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    This paper analyses Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) literature reviews to provide a clear conceptual basis for authors, reviewers, and readers. HCI is multidisciplinary and various types of literature reviews exist, from systematic to critical reviews in the style of essays. Yet, there is insufficient consensus of what to expect of literature reviews in HCI. Thus, a shared understanding of literature reviews and clear terminology is needed to plan, evaluate, and use literature reviews, and to further improve review methodology. We analysed 189 literature reviews published at all SIGCHI conferences and ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) up until August 2022. We report on the main dimensions of variation: (i) contribution types and topics; and (ii) structure and methodologies applied. We identify gaps and trends to inform future meta work in HCI and provide a starting point on how to move towards a more comprehensive terminology system of literature reviews in HCI

    Microcredentials to support PBL

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    Blending the Material and Digital World for Hybrid Interfaces

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    The development of digital technologies in the 21st century is progressing continuously and new device classes such as tablets, smartphones or smartwatches are finding their way into our everyday lives. However, this development also poses problems, as these prevailing touch and gestural interfaces often lack tangibility, take little account of haptic qualities and therefore require full attention from their users. Compared to traditional tools and analog interfaces, the human skills to experience and manipulate material in its natural environment and context remain unexploited. To combine the best of both, a key question is how it is possible to blend the material world and digital world to design and realize novel hybrid interfaces in a meaningful way. Research on Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) investigates the coupling between physical objects and virtual data. In contrast, hybrid interfaces, which specifically aim to digitally enrich analog artifacts of everyday work, have not yet been sufficiently researched and systematically discussed. Therefore, this doctoral thesis rethinks how user interfaces can provide useful digital functionality while maintaining their physical properties and familiar patterns of use in the real world. However, the development of such hybrid interfaces raises overarching research questions about the design: Which kind of physical interfaces are worth exploring? What type of digital enhancement will improve existing interfaces? How can hybrid interfaces retain their physical properties while enabling new digital functions? What are suitable methods to explore different design? And how to support technology-enthusiast users in prototyping? For a systematic investigation, the thesis builds on a design-oriented, exploratory and iterative development process using digital fabrication methods and novel materials. As a main contribution, four specific research projects are presented that apply and discuss different visual and interactive augmentation principles along real-world applications. The applications range from digitally-enhanced paper, interactive cords over visual watch strap extensions to novel prototyping tools for smart garments. While almost all of them integrate visual feedback and haptic input, none of them are built on rigid, rectangular pixel screens or use standard input modalities, as they all aim to reveal new design approaches. The dissertation shows how valuable it can be to rethink familiar, analog applications while thoughtfully extending them digitally. Finally, this thesis’ extensive work of engineering versatile research platforms is accompanied by overarching conceptual work, user evaluations and technical experiments, as well as literature reviews.Die Durchdringung digitaler Technologien im 21. Jahrhundert schreitet stetig voran und neue Geräteklassen wie Tablets, Smartphones oder Smartwatches erobern unseren Alltag. Diese Entwicklung birgt aber auch Probleme, denn die vorherrschenden berührungsempfindlichen Oberflächen berücksichtigen kaum haptische Qualitäten und erfordern daher die volle Aufmerksamkeit ihrer Nutzer:innen. Im Vergleich zu traditionellen Werkzeugen und analogen Schnittstellen bleiben die menschlichen Fähigkeiten ungenutzt, die Umwelt mit allen Sinnen zu begreifen und wahrzunehmen. Um das Beste aus beiden Welten zu vereinen, stellt sich daher die Frage, wie neuartige hybride Schnittstellen sinnvoll gestaltet und realisiert werden können, um die materielle und die digitale Welt zu verschmelzen. In der Forschung zu Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) wird die Verbindung zwischen physischen Objekten und virtuellen Daten untersucht. Noch nicht ausreichend erforscht wurden hingegen hybride Schnittstellen, die speziell darauf abzielen, physische Gegenstände des Alltags digital zu erweitern und anhand geeigneter Designparameter und Entwurfsräume systematisch zu untersuchen. In dieser Dissertation wird daher untersucht, wie Materialität und Digitalität nahtlos ineinander übergehen können. Es soll erforscht werden, wie künftige Benutzungsschnittstellen nützliche digitale Funktionen bereitstellen können, ohne ihre physischen Eigenschaften und vertrauten Nutzungsmuster in der realen Welt zu verlieren. Die Entwicklung solcher hybriden Ansätze wirft jedoch übergreifende Forschungsfragen zum Design auf: Welche Arten von physischen Schnittstellen sind es wert, betrachtet zu werden? Welche Art von digitaler Erweiterung verbessert das Bestehende? Wie können hybride Konzepte ihre physischen Eigenschaften beibehalten und gleichzeitig neue digitale Funktionen ermöglichen? Was sind geeignete Methoden, um verschiedene Designs zu erforschen? Wie kann man Technologiebegeisterte bei der Erstellung von Prototypen unterstützen? Für eine systematische Untersuchung stützt sich die Arbeit auf einen designorientierten, explorativen und iterativen Entwicklungsprozess unter Verwendung digitaler Fabrikationsmethoden und neuartiger Materialien. Im Hauptteil werden vier Forschungsprojekte vorgestellt, die verschiedene visuelle und interaktive Prinzipien entlang realer Anwendungen diskutieren. Die Szenarien reichen von digital angereichertem Papier, interaktiven Kordeln über visuelle Erweiterungen von Uhrarmbändern bis hin zu neuartigen Prototyping-Tools für intelligente Kleidungsstücke. Um neue Designansätze aufzuzeigen, integrieren nahezu alle visuelles Feedback und haptische Eingaben, um Alternativen zu Standard-Eingabemodalitäten auf starren Pixelbildschirmen zu schaffen. Die Dissertation hat gezeigt, wie wertvoll es sein kann, bekannte, analoge Anwendungen zu überdenken und sie dabei gleichzeitig mit Bedacht digital zu erweitern. Dabei umfasst die vorliegende Arbeit sowohl realisierte technische Forschungsplattformen als auch übergreifende konzeptionelle Arbeiten, Nutzerstudien und technische Experimente sowie die Analyse existierender Forschungsarbeiten

    Exploring Compassion-Driven Interaction: Bridging Buddhist Theory and Contemplative Practice Through Arts-led Research-through-Design

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    Compassion cultivation focuses on developing a genuine concern for others and a willingness to alleviate their suffering. As understandings of the benefits of compassion cultivation on wellbeing have evolved, an increasing interest in designing technologies for this context have followed. However, while scientific research focuses on measuring and evaluating compassion, designerly understandings of compassion informing human-computer interaction have been less explored. We are currently confronted with huge global challenges and our entanglement with technology brings paradoxes and existential tensions related to wellbeing and human flourishing. Viewing technologies as mediators of values and morality, human-computer interaction has a stake in shaping our possible futures. A shift in the field to welcoming a plurality of worldviews, invites opportunities to authentically integrate knowledge from ancient wisdom traditions into how and why we design. This research aims to advance understandings of compassion cultivation for designing technologies by developing novel approaches to research inspired by Buddhist philosophy and practice. This thesis draws upon an arts-led research-through-design approach and spiritual practice. The findings and insights from the studies contribute primarily to the areas of soma design, first-person research and design for wellbeing. The main contributions to knowledge are design guidelines emerging from three case studies: Understanding Tonglen, Wish Happiness, and Inner Suchness comprising one autoethnography and two concept-driven design artefacts for public exhibition. While in the act of researching, the contemplative practitioner-researcher, a research persona, emerged to support authentic engagement and embodied understandings of the dynamic unfolding processes of the practice. A contemplative framework to train self-observation and the concept of designerly gaze were developed to help investigate the phenomenon

    Student teachers’ teaching practice experiences in selected primary schools in the Tshwane South District

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    Abstracts in English, Northern Sotho and TsongaTeaching practice is an integral component of teacher training. It provides student teachers with experiences in the actual teaching and learning environment. This qualitative case study explored student teachers’ teaching practice experiences in selected primary schools in the Tshwane South District. Eight student teachers were purposively selected from four public primary schools in the Tshwane South District. This study was guided by self-determination theory of the interpretivist perspective. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Collected data was transcribed and arranged into codes and themes using the thematic data analysis method. The study established that regardless of the positive experiences of many student teachers, some experienced challenges such as late delivery of study material, delayed placement confirmation letters by the Teaching Practice Office, finding placement schools and support from module lecturers. It was also revealed that at school level, of the eight student teachers, six were welcomed and felt motivated, while the other two did not feel welcomed and were despondent. Some student teachers were also challenged by a lack of class management skills in overcrowded classrooms, completing teaching lessons on time, daily attendance register signatures by mentor teachers and supervisors’ support. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the university ensure that services such as study material delivery, attending to student queries and allocating supervisors are done on time. It is concluded that a committee that oversees the placement of student teachers between universities and schools should be established at each school.Tlhahlo ya borutisi ke karolo ye bohlokwa ya tlhahlo ya baithuti ba go ithutela borutisi. E fa baithuti ba go ithutela borutisi maitemogelo a tikologo ya mmannete ya go ruta le go ithuta. Nyakisiso ye ya khwalithethifi e nyakisisitse maitemogelo a tlhahlo ya borutisi a baithuti ba go ithutela borutisi ka dikolong tsa praemari tse di kgethilwego ka Seleteng sa Borwa sa Tshwane. Baithuti ba seswai ba go ithutela borutisi ba kgethilwe ka maikemisetso go tswa dikolong tse nne tsa praemari tsa mmuso ka Seleteng sa Borwa sa Tshwane. Nyakisiso ye e be e hlahlwa ke teori ya go ikemela ya pono ya bohlathollo. Datha e kgobokeditswe ka dipoledisano tseo di sego tsa rulaganywa gabotse le tshekatsheko ya ditokomane. Datha ye e kgobokeditswego e ile ya ngwalwa le go rulaganywa ka dikhoutu le dikgwekgwe ka go somisa mokgwa wa tshekatsheko ya datha ya merero. Nyakisiso e hweditse gore ka ntle le maitemogelo a mabotse a baithuti ba bantsi ba go ithutela borutisi, ba bangwe ba itemogetse ditlhohlo tsa go swana le kabo ya morago ga nako ya didiriswa tsa thuto, mangwalo a tiisetso ya tiegiso ya go bewa ga baithuti tlhahlong ke Kantoro ya Tlhahlo ya Borutisi, go hwetsa dikolo tsa go bea baithuti tlhahlong le thekgo go tswa go bafahlosi ba dimotsulo. Go utolotswe gape gore maemong a sekolo, go baithuti ba seswai ba go ithutela borutisi, ba tshela ba bona ba amogetswe ebile ba ikwele ba na le tlhohleletso, mola ba bangwe ba babedi ba ikwele ba sa amogelwa ebile ba itlhobogile. Baithuti ba bangwe ba go ithutela borutisi gape ba ile ba itemogela tlhohlo ya go hloka mabokgoni a taolo ya diphaposi ka diphaposing tsa borutelo tseo di tletsego kudu, go fetsa dithuto tsa go ruta ka nako, go saena ga diretsistara letsatsi le letsatsi ke barutisi ba e lego baeletsi le thekgo ya baokamedi. Go ya ka dikutullo, go sisinywa gore yunibesithi e kgonthise gore ditirelo tsa go swana le kabo ya matheriale wa thuto, go sogana le dipotsiso tsa baithuti le go aba baokamedi di dirwa ka nako. Go phethwa ka gore komiti yeo e hlokomelago go bewa ga baithuti tlhahlong gare ga diyunibesithi le dikolo e swanetse go hlongwa sekolong se sengwe le se sengwe.Ndowedzo ya u funza ndi tshipida tsha ndeme tsha u gudela u funza. I netshedza vhadededzi vha matshudeni tshenzhemo kha vhupo ha vhukuma ha u funza na u guda. Ngudo heyi ya khwanthithethivi yo wanulusa tshenzhemo dza ndowedzo ya u funza kha vhadededzi vha matshudeni kha zwikolo zwa phuraimari zwo nangiwaho kha Tshitiriki tsha Tshipembe ha Tshwane. Vhadededzi vha matshudeni vha malo vho nangiwa hu na zwo sedzwaho khazwo u bva zwikolo zwina zwa phuraimari zwa muvhuso kha Tshitiriki tsha Tshipembe ha Tshwane. Ngudo heyi yo endedzwa nga thiori ya vhudikumedzeli ha vhathu kha u talutshedza zwithu zwa ngudo. Data yo kuvhanganyiwa nga kha inthaviwu dzi songo tou dzudzanywaho na musaukanyo wa manwalwa. Data yo kuvhanganywaho yo nwalululwa na u dzudzanywa nga dzikhoudu na thero hu tshi shumiswa ngona ya u saukanya data ya thero. Ngudo yo bveledza uri zwi si na ndavha na tshenzhemo yavhudi ya vhadededzi vhanzhi vha matshudeni, dzinwe khaedu dze dza tshenzhelwa dzi ngaho sa u lenga u ṋetshedzwa ha matheriala a ngudo, u lenga u vhewa na manwalo a u khwathisedza nga Ofisi ya Ndowedzo ya u Funza, u wana u vhewa zwikoloni na thikhedzo u bva kha vhagudisi vha modulu. Ho dovha ha wanuluswa uri kha levele ya zwikolo, zwa vhadededzi vha matshudeni vha malo, vha rathi vho tanganedzwa na u pfa vho tutuwedzea, ngeno vhanwe vhavhili vho pfa vha songo tanganedzwa na u pfa vha si na fulufhelo. Vhanwe vhadededzi vha matshudeni vho dovha vha vha na khaedu nga u sa vha na zwikili zwa u langula kilasi kha kilasirumu dzo dalesaho, u nwala ngudo dza u funza nga tshifhinga, u saina redzhisitara dza u vha hone dza duvha linwe na linwe nga vhadededzi vhane vha khou eletshedza na thikhedzo ya vhatoli. Zwo disendeka nga mawanwa, ho themendelwa uri yunivesithi i vhone zwauri tshumelo dzi ngaho ndisedzo ya matheriala a u guda, u dzhenela u vhudzisa ha mutshudeni na u avhela vhatoli zwi itwa nga tshifhinga. Ho pendelwa uri komiti ine ya lavhelesa u vhewa ha vhadededzi vha matshudeni vhukati ha dziyunivesithi na zwikolo zwi fanela u bveledzwa kha tshikolo tshinwe na tshinwe.Curriculum and Instructional StudiesM. Ed. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies
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