13 research outputs found

    07271 Abstracts Collection -- Computational Social Systems and the Internet

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    From 01.07. to 06.07.2007, the Dagstuhl Seminar 07271 ``Computational Social Systems and the Internet\u27\u27 was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available

    Dagstuhl News January - December 2007

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    "Dagstuhl News" is a publication edited especially for the members of the Foundation "Informatikzentrum Schloss Dagstuhl" to thank them for their support. The News give a summary of the scientific work being done in Dagstuhl. Each Dagstuhl Seminar is presented by a small abstract describing the contents and scientific highlights of the seminar as well as the perspectives or challenges of the research topic

    Visualizing reciprocity in an online community to motivate participation

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    Online communities thrive on their members’ participation and contributions. Continuous encouragement of participation of these members is vital for an online community. Social visualizations are one of the methods to make members explicitly aware of their connections and relationships. There are numerous ways to visually represent information, current-status, power, and acceptance of members in an online community. In this thesis I present a design of a visualization representing the evolving reciprocity of relationships among users based on the comments they give to each other’s posts. The purpose of the visualization is to emphasize and hopefully trigger a common bond in the community and thereby increase their participation. We developed and deployed the visualization in an online community called “WISETales” where women in science and engineering share personal stories. We also deployed modified and improved versions of the visualization in two other communities, I-Help class discussion forums and the Vegatopia discussion forum for vegetarians. In this thesis we present the results of the evaluation in these three communities. The results unfortunately, were negative. Even though separate explanations for the lack of motivational effect can be found in each of the experiments, it seems that the chosen motivational approach was too gentle to encourage participation. It seems for reciprocation to take place, the users need to be committed to the community and already have some other underlying motivation to participate actively. The visualization also should provide some new information that they weren’t aware of previously. This was not the case with the users in the three chosen communities. WISETales was too new and can barely be called a community. I-Help was not a community, but a place for student to post questions for the teacher to answer. Vegatopia, in contrast, is well established, active community, where people know each other, and engage in conversations with each other. The visualization did not provide any new information for them that they didn’t know and only served as a brief attraction for a day (novelty effect). We are still optimistic, however, that the visualization may be useful for active and too dynamic communities where people are unaware of their social relationships because they are too many, for example, social network sites like Twitter

    Essays In Matching Markets

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    I present two experiments exploring failures in matching markets. In the first experiment, I introduce a new experimental paradigm to evaluate employer preferences, called Incentivized Resume Rating (IRR). Employers evaluate resumes they know to be hypothetical in order to be matched with real job seekers, preserving incentives while avoiding the deception necessary in audit studies. I deploy IRR with employers recruiting college seniors from a prestigious school, randomizing human capital characteristics and demographics of hypothetical candidates. I measure both employer preferences for candidates and employer beliefs about the likelihood candidates will accept job offers, avoiding a typical confound in audit studies. I discuss the costs, benefits, and future applications of this new methodology. In the second experiment, I examine out-of-equilibrium truth-telling in strategic matching markets. In two-sided settings, market designers tend to advocate for deferred acceptance (DA) over priority mechanisms, even though theory tells us that both types of mechanisms can yield unstable matches in incomplete information equilibrium. However, if match participants on the proposed-to side deviate from equilibrium by truth-telling, then DA yields stable outcomes. In a novel experimental setting, I find out-of-equilibrium truth-telling under DA but not under a priority mechanism, which could help to explain the success of DA in preventing unraveling in the field. I then attempt to explain the difference in behavior across mechanisms by estimating an experience-weighted learning model adapted to this complex strategic environment. I find that initial cognition and willingness to explore new strategies drive the difference in agents\u27 ability to find strategic equilibria

    Technology with Embodied Physical Actions: Understanding Interactions and Effectiveness Gains in Teams Working with Robots

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    Teams in different areas are increasingly adopting robots to perform various mission operations. The inclusion of robots in teams has drawn consistent attention from scholars in relevant fields such as human-computer interaction (HCI) and human-robot interaction (HRI). Yet, the current literature has not fully addressed issues regarding teamwork by mainly focusing on the collaboration between a single robot and an individual. The limited scope of human-robot collaboration in the existing research hinders uncovering the mechanism of performance gains in teams that involve multiple robots and people. This dissertation research is an effort to address the issue by achieving two goals. First, this dissertation examines the impacts of interaction between human teammates alone and interaction between humans and robots on outcomes in teams working with robots. Second, I provide insight into the development of teams working with robots by examining ways to promote a team member’s intention to work with robots. In this dissertation, I conducted three studies in an endeavor to accomplish the aforementioned goals. The first study, in Chapter 2, turns to theory trust in teams to explain outcome gains in teams working with robots. This study reports result from a lab experiment, in which two people fulfilled a collaborative task using two robots. The results show that trust in robots and trust in teammates can be enhanced by a robot-building activity and team identification, respectively. The enhanced trust revealed unique impacts on different team outcomes: trust in robots increased only team performance while trust in teammates increased only satisfaction. Theoretical and practical contributions of the findings are discussed in the chapter. The second study, in Chapter 3, uncovers how team member’s efficacy beliefs interplay with team diversity to promote performance in teams working with robots. Results from a lab experiment reveal that individual operator’s performance is enhanced by team potency perception only when the team is ethnically diverse. This study contributes to theory by identifying team diversity as a limiting condition of performance gains for robot operators in teams. The third study, in Chapter 4, focuses on factors leading to the development of teams working with robots. I conducted an online experiment to examine how surface-level and deep-level similarity contribute to trust in a robotic partner and the impact of the trust on a team member’s intention to work with the robot in varying degrees of danger. This study generally shows that the possibility of danger regulates not only the positive link between the surface-level similarity and trust in robot and but also the link between intention to work with the robot and intention to replace a human teammate with the robot. Chapter 5, as a concluding chapter of this dissertation, discusses the theoretical and practical implications drawn from the three studies.PHDInformationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138514/1/sangyou_1.pd

    Modelización en diseño de fármacos: Exploración conformacional de ligandos y diseño de inhibidores multipotentes

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    [spa] La presente Tesis Doctoral, presentada como compendio de publicaciones, tiene como objetivo general la aplicación de diversas técnicas computacionales al estudio de los determinantes moleculares que subyacen en la interacción ligando-receptor. Para ello, se han definido dos líneas de investigación, una de desarrollo metodológico y otra de aplicación. En el capítulo metodológico se incluye un único manuscrito (Juárez-Jiménez et. al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2014) en el que extiende la metodología Multinivel desarrollada por Forti et. al. (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2012) al uso de campos de fuerza de mecánica clásica. Dicho estudio es relevante de cara a optimizar la exploración de las preferencias conformacionales de fármacos y otras pequeñas moléculas orgánicas. En concreto, se evalúa el uso de campos de fuerza clásicos para llevar a cabo un muestreo a bajo nivel de teoría de las preferencias conformacionales de moléculas tipo feniletilamina y se comprueba que los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con los datos experimentales descritos en la bibliografia y con los resultados obtenidos con la implementación original del método, donde se empleaba el hamiltoniano semiempírico RM1. En segundo lugar, la nueva implementación del método se utiliza para predecir las preferencias conformacionales del antibiótico estreptomicina, obteniéndose resultados similares a los obtenidos experimentalmente por resonancia magnética nuclear, si bien sugerentes de posibles mejoras en la metodología. El capítulo de aplicación incluye tres publicaciones (Bolea et. al. J. Med. Chem. 2011; Juárez Jiménez et. al. BBA Proteins and Proteomics, 2014 y Viayna et. al. J. Med. Chem. 2014), obtenidas a partir de una colaboración multidisciplinar entre diversos grupos de diseño, síntesis y evaluación farmacológica de compuestos de potencial interés en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Concretamente, se describe el desarrollo de dos familias de fármacos multipotentes: compuestos iMAO-iAChE y compuestos iBACE-1-iAChE, centrándose la discusión en la elucidación de los modos de unión y las relaciones estructura-actividad de dos series de compuestos multipotentes a sus principales dianas terapéuticas mediante la combinación de técnicas de modelización molecular, tales como el docking y la dinámica molecular. En el primer caso, se describen modelos de unión a AChE y MAO de compuestos híbridos donepezilo-PFN9601, abordándose en detalle los determinantes moleculares de las relaciones estructura-actividad y proponiéndose las causas estructurales del diferente comportamiento cinético observado para el mismo inhibidor en MAO A y en MAO B. Con el fin de mejorar el perfil farmacológico de los inhibidores, también se describe, mediante el empleo de compuestos selectivos MAO A, los determinantes moleculares de la selectividad entre las isoformas A y B que muestran algunos inhibidores de MAO. En el segundo caso, la modelización molecular ha permitido proponer un modo de unión a BACE-1 de compuestos híbridos huprina Y-rheína. Dicho modo de unión, sitúa la unidad de huprina Y en el sitio catalítico, mientras que sugiere que la unidad de rheína quedaría acomodada en un sitio de unión diferente al sitio catalítico, que hasta la fecha no ha sido explorado mediante técnicas de diseño racional de fármacos. Ello abre la puerta al desarrollo de nuevos compuestos que interaccionen con BACE aprovechando dicho centro de unión.[eng] The aim of this doctoral thesis is to use computational techniques to explore the molecular determinants that underlie the ligand-receptor interaction. To this end, it has been elaborated as a compendium of publications following two main research lines. First, the expansion of the Multilevel strategy previously developed in the research group (Forti et. al. J. Chem. Theo. Comput. 2012) to explore the conformational preferences of drug-like molecules. Second, the development of new multitarget directed ligands (MTDL) of potential therapeutic interest against Alzheimer’s disease. The extension of the Multilevel strategy is mainly focused in assessing the suitability of classical force fields as an alternative to the originally implemented RM1 semiempirical Hamiltonian and to investigate the performance of the technique for charged molecules. To this end, the conformational preferences of a set of phenylethyl amines are evaluated with both approximations and the results are compared with experimental data obtained by means of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, reaching similar conclusions in both cases. Streptomycin is also used as a test case to further test the new implementation of the technique. The results are also consistent with experimental results, but also highlight some aspects that could be improved in future revisions of the methodology. The development of MTDL against Alzheimer’s disease is a multidisciplinary effort in the framework of collaborations with experimental research groups (Bolea et. al. J. Med. Chem. 2011; Juárez Jiménez et. al. BBA Proteins and Proteomics, 2014 y Viayna et. al. J. Med. Chem. 2014). Using several molecular modelling techniques, we disclose putative binding modes to their main therapeutic targets for two families of MTDL: iAChE-iMAO and iAChE-BACE-1. The discussion of structure-activity relationships allows us to rationalize the molecular determinants that justify the isoform selectivity between isoforms A and B of MAO. Furthermore, they also allow us to disclose how compounds bind to BACE-1 taking advantage of an exosite previously unexploited in rational drug design, which pave the way for the development of novel drug candidates

    An empirical study of cultural values in total quality management : a Chinese culture-specific model.

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    Although total quality management (TQM) has been so widely adopted, its theoretical underpinnings remain relatively unexplored as compared to other management theories. A frequently pointed out research gap is on the cultural side of TQM as a human-oriented management philosophy. TQM is known to begin mainly in Japan and the United States. However, the cultural values of the Japanese and the American people are very different. In Japan, the importance of group harmony is stressed, while the Americans mainly value individual creativity and achievements. Even so, companies in these different cultures have succeeded in implementing TQM and have achieved world class performance. It is reasonable to believe that when TQM, as a culture-free system itself, is being implemented in a particular cultural setting, it must accommodate to a certain extent the local culture. That is to say, Japanese-style TQM is obviously different from American-style TQM and a culture-specific TQM indeed exists. As TQM and ISO 9000 have recently become some of the hottest managerial issues in mainland China and the overseas Chinese regions, this empirical study is concerned with the influence of Chinese cultural values on TQM. In particular, the operations of ISO 9000 certified companies in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan and the cultural values of their Chinese managers were analyzed. Grounded on sociological and psychological theories, quantitative (structural equation modeling) and qualitative (case studies and interviews) research methods were employed to devise a general theoretical model of cultural ii influence on TQM. Furthermore, using Chinese cultural values as a case, the specificities of a Chinese-style TQM were uncovered. The study has not only contributed its modest share towards the theoretical development of TQM but has also paved way for understanding indigenous managerial psychology from a different perspective

    Exploring Cognitive Fatigue in early Multiple Sclerosis

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