基于深度邻近连接网络的单幅图像去雨方法

雨天环境下的雨线导致图像内容被遮挡，严重影响人眼的视觉效果和后续系统的处理性能。目前主流的深度学习方法为了提升处理性能，均以复杂的网络结构和较大的参数量为代价，导致相关方法难以服务于实际应用。为此，文中提出一种新的深度邻近连接网络结构。它通过关注深度网络中所学特征图之间的关系，采用融合操作将邻近特征图进行连接，以获得更加丰富和有效的特征表示。实验数据表明，文中方法在三个公开合成数据集及真实有雨图像上的主客观处理效果、模型参数量和运行时间等相关性能参数都有所提升。在合成数据集Rain100H上的平均结构相似性( SSIM) 值达到0.84，在合成数据集Rain100L和Rain1200上的平均SSIM值分别达到0.96和0.91。在真实有雨图像上，文中方法在有效去除前景雨线的同时，能够保护更多的背景图像信息，从而获得更好的主观视觉效果。相比于同时期的深度学习方法JORDER，文中方法在保证相近的处理效果的前提下，模型参数量和CPU运行时间分别降低了一个和两个数量级。实验数据充分说明，通过将网络中邻近特征图进行融合，能够获取更加有效的特征表示。因此，虽然文中方法仅使用较少的模型参数和简洁的神经网络结构，却依旧能够实现较好的图像去雨效果，解决了现有方法模型参数量较大和网络结构较为复杂的问题。同时，文中网络结构设计方案也能够为相关基于深度学习的图像复原任务提供参考和借鉴。国家自然科学基金(61571382, 81671766, 61571005, 81671674, 61671309，U1605252

Building Mental Experiences: From Scenes to Events

Mental events are central to everyday cognition, be it our continuous perception of the world, recalling autobiographical memories, or imagining the future. Little is known about the fine-grained temporal dynamics of these processes. Given the apparent predominance of scene imagery across cognition, in this thesis I used magnetoencephalography to investigate whether and how activity in the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) supports the mental construction of scenes and the events to which they give rise. In the first experiment, participants gradually imagined scenes and also closely matched non-scene arrays; this allowed me to assess whether any brain regions showed preferential responses to scene imagery. The anterior hippocampus and vmPFC were particularly engaged by the construction of scene imagery, with the vmPFC driving hippocampal activity. In the second experiment, I found that certain objects – those that were space-defining – preferentially engaged the vmPFC and superior temporal gyrus during scene construction, providing insight into how objects affect the creation of scene representations. The third experiment involved boundary extension during scene perception, permitting me to examine how single scenes might be prepared for inclusion into events. I observed changes in evoked responses just 12.5-58 ms after scene onset over fronto-temporal sensors, with again the vmPFC exerting a driving influence on other brain regions, including the hippocampus. In the final experiment, participants watched brief movies of events built from a series of scenes or non-scene patterns. A difference in evoked responses between the two event types emerged during the first frame of the movies, the primary source of which was shown to be the hippocampus. The enduring theme of the results across experiments was scene-specific engagement of the hippocampus and vmPFC, with the latter being the driving influence. Overall, this thesis provides insights into the neural dynamics of how scenes are built, made ready for inclusion into unfolding mental episodes, and then linked to produce our seamless experience of the world

An introduction to the Philosophy of Information

This book serves as the main reference for an undergraduate course on Philosophy of Information. The book is written to be accessible to the typical undergraduate student of Philosophy and does not require propaedeutic courses in Logic, Epistemology or Ethics. Each chapter includes a rich collection of references for the student interested in furthering her understanding of the topics reviewed in the book. The book covers all the main topics of the Philosophy of Information and it should be considered an overview and not a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of a philosophical area. As a consequence, 'The Philosophy of Information: a Simple Introduction' does not contain research material as it is not aimed at graduate students or researchers

Extinction Rebellion: The dynamics of contemporary radical British environmental activism

Environmental problems are current and pressing with actions and resolutions required now. Reducing the impact that humans have on the environment poses some of the biggest and most significant challenges facing the world today. Activism has an important role in shaping where the environmental debate is focused and is central to a vibrant democracy. This research examines the contemporary radical environmental activisms of Extinction Rebellion (XR) in London undertaking activist participatory research as a member in 2019 and 2020. It critically examines how this radical contemporary British environmental activisms is made and sustained, highlighting alliances across difference and examining those spatial dimensions of this activism that shape and make it impactful. It contextualises this local XR contemporary environmental activism within a history of radical British environmental activism to identify what is a continuity and what may be novel. It then examines the entanglement of place and activisms establishing how place shapes the activism and has framed, shifted and developed the discourse. It explores how the concept of generations can be differently understood and how an understanding and the appreciation of the generations, particularly the old and the young, explains and informs what activities and actions activists are prepared to undertake. It also identifies a significance concept of eldership in activisms. The research explores emotions, feelings and affect in activisms that appeal to grief, hope, love, pride and vulnerability. It examines how these are generated and what they do. It reviews how these activisms have sought to use framing in language and discourse and concludes that this is important to understanding these activisms and the impact they have had. The thesis introduces the concept of Patterns of Serendipity which identifies the significance of the interweaving of multiple lucky accidents that make activism impactful in a particular place at a particular time The research uses Activist Smartphone doings as a methodology to overcome and make sense of the messiness of activisms which produces unique understandings in different places and temporalities. It concludes that these XR activisms are a dynamic, reflexive, purposeful and intensive, form of contemporary radical environmentalism

The ambivalence of urban obsolescence: questioning emancipatory design practices in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

The research draws on the transdisciplinary debate, emerging within urban studies, which highlights the proliferation of fenced environments in the contemporary city. The research considers such environments to be tangible manifestations of dynamics of securitisation, control, privatisation, commodification, exclusion, depoliticisation. The research analyses therefore the production of the fenced city as essentially revolving around two archetypes: the gated community and the camp, as expressions respectively of phenomena of voluntary seclusion and forced confinement. The research interprets such archetypes from a twofold perspective: drawing, on one side, from governmental studies; and on the other side, from urban design studies. Expanding the trans-disciplinary character of the research (drawing from disciplines such as urban history, political economy, gender studies, performative arts), the research constructs a debate on urbanisms characterised by obsolescing phenomena: spaces of abandonment and dereliction, but also apparently leftover spaces, or interstitial and marginal ones. The analysis of such debate highlights a latent ambivalence: on one side, obsolescence is seen to partake into the production of the fenced city, through cycles of ruination, demolition, displacement; on the other side, obsolescence is read as emancipating from such production, creating the conditions for opening up, decommodifying, repoliticising the contemporary fenced city. Do camp-like or gated-community-like dynamics emerge even within obsolescing urbanisms? Or, conversely, do emancipatory practices emerge? The research attempts to answer such questions, challenging both sides of the debate. It does so investigating, at multiple scales, the reality of several obsolescing urbanisms in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The research concludes suggesting an epistemological shift, that would place obsolescence at the centre of the understanding of the current dynamics of urban transformation. In so doing, the research questions the relevance of its (theory-driven) method in framing and guiding urban research; and the relevance of its reflections on emancipatory practices – for the current debate on the social agency of urban design and architecture; and for the current dynamics of transformation in Phnom Penh

Abstracts of manuscripts submitted in 1990 for publication

This volume contans the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1990 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal of those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and are grouped into one of our five deparments, Marine Policy Center, Coastal Research Center, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers

Unlocking Landscapes Using Locative Media

This interdisciplinary research is situated within the practice and discourse of locative media at the confluence of art, location and technology. The practice-based research project aims to use the arts to address a crisis arising from rapid redevelopment in a marginal coastal town – Hayle, Cornwall. A recent supermarket build on a prominent Hayle heritage quay led to UNESCO’s threat to de-list the entire Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site, awarded only in 2006. Research builds on recent findings on the link between increased sense of self and community cohesion through connection to heritage and participation in the arts. Media artists, participants and theorists have indicated that locative media experiences can promote connection to landscapes and their histories. However, these claims are unsubstantiated by empirical research to date. This research seeks to redress that through systematic analysis (unusual in the arts and therefore distinct). The main research question posed was: Does locative media allow people to develop a deeper connection with landscape and, if so, how? A smartphone deep map app was created – an evocation of a Cornish post-industrial landscape assembled from audio memory traces, sound and visual images revealed using GPS and the moving body. The Hayle Churks app weaves past and present, absence and presence and digital content into physical place. The Hayle Churks app is a research tool and published creative practice that received a national award in 2014. The empirical data is an original contribution to knowledge. Additional contributions include a timeline – a historical overview of the relationship between locative media art and emerging technologies and a deep map app reference tool for artists. The research explores the role of immersion and embodiment and how recording and listening to audio and voice performance affect immersion. Readers of this thesis are encouraged to access the Hayle Churks smartphone app prior to and during reading

Teaching through Design

The 2nd RMB Conference 2018 will be held in Coimbra, within the framework of the Colloquium ´Teaching through Design´ that is organised by the Department of Architecture and the Centre for Social Studies of the University of Coimbra, since 2012. The RMB Conference is an activity of the European Erasmus Project “Reuse of Modernist Buildings – Design tools for sustainable transformations”, coordinated by Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (Detmold, Germany), with the University of Coimbra, the University of Antwerp, the Instituto Superior Técnico Lisboa, the Technical University of Istanbul and Docomomo. The conference will be organized in four sessions – tools, methods, interdisciplinarity, research – focusing on the fundaments and on the advanced issues of the design process related to the Reuse of Modernist Buildings (RMB). Architecture education is facing new challenges due to crises of the globalisation and climate change, that has strong impacts on the role of the architect today. The profession is changing and therefore different ways of training architects are demanded. This question is especially relevant for the renovation of those urban areas where modernist buildings from the second part of the 20th century are waiting for strategic interventions – to be repaired, to be renewed, to be reconstructed or to be demolished. The architect needs new tools because just drawing is not enough anymore to understand neither the building nor the people who live there. The methodologies are more complex because they have to integrate not only the technical and spatial dimension but also the social one. This inclusive approach demands not only for new tools but also needs the dialogue with other disciplines, promoting an effective interdisciplinarity. Considering these topics, the architecture classroom is becoming more lab than a workshop, where new tools and methods are researched and explored, developing hypotheses that are tested in the design studios

M3 strategic decision-making under uncertainty : modes, models, & momentum

PhD ThesisThe M3 theory contributes to new knowledge through original research and advanced scholarship by introducing a descriptive framework for strategic decision-making in uncertain and changing environments. Aided by the introduction of a Social Realism epistemology into management literature it is differentiated its ability to present complex strategic positions as essentialist (via modes), relative (via models), and dynamic (via momentum) to plot the dynamic trajectory of innovation emergence, change, adaptation and transformation over time. At a fundamental level, the M3 theory identifies a consistent set of rules that decision-makers intentionally or unintentionally engage with or ignore to take strategic positions based on four integrated yet polarized pairs of modes: systematic (+S) vs. responsive (+R) strategies, and conforming (+C), vs. differentiating (+D) strategies. Systematic strategies (+S) is the mode dedicated to increasingly sophisticated rational cognitive processes; these processes plan, purposefully compartmentalize, and regulate emotions. Responsive strategies (+R) conversely, is the mode dedicated to increasingly sensitized intuitive processes; these processes are reflective, associative, action-orientated and emotionally expressive. The second pair of modes intersects with the two aforementioned modes with conforming strategies (+C) moving towards convergence by adapting or conveying socially perceived superior norms; these processes include the exploitation of existing power. In contrast, differentiating strategies (+D) represents the mode dedicated to diverging from traditional norms with empowerment for exploration. These processes include novelty-seeking, sabotage, risk-taking, experimentation, play, flexibility, discovery, and higher levels of innovation. Finally, the dynamic (momentum) component informs how strategic modes and models under uncertainty improve and adjust in sophistication under the pressure and demands of the four drives (+L). The M3 theory is informed by three distinct but interrelated and simultaneous empirical streams of data: (i) field data from five ethnographic case studies, with research participant feedback loops; (ii) the mapping of 200+ peer reviewed decision-making models; and (iii) prototyping the principles in the construction of the emergent M3 theory