Globalization, 1870-1914

This paper surveys the causes and consequences of late 19th century globalization, as well as the anti-globalization backlash of that period.

The Impact of Liberalisation and Globalisation on Income Inequality in Developing and Transitional Economies

This paper reviews changes in global, between-country and within-country inequality over 1980-2000 against the background of the shifts that occurred in this area during the globalisation of 1870-1914. The paper finds that recent changes in global and between-country inequality are not marked and depend in part on the conventions adopted for their measurement. In contrast, within-country inequality appears to have risen clearly in two thirds of the 73 countries analyzed mainly because of the policy drive towards domestic deregulation and external liberalisation. The paper concludes by analysing the differences between the inequality changes observed during 1980-2000 and 1870-1914.globalisation, globalization

Ressenyes

Index de les obres ressenyades: V. BERDOULAY, La formation de l'école française de géographie (1870-1914

From America to Norway: Norwegian-American Immigrant Letters, 1838–1914, volume 1, 1838–1870

Review of: "From America to Norway: Norwegian-American Immigrant Letters, 1838–1914: 1838–1870," edited and translated by Orm Øverland

Representation of the Cathedral in French Visual Culture, 1870-1914

This thesis presents an analysis of the way in which northern French cathedrals were represented and understood by artists between 1870 and 1914. The period chosen is of particular interest because of its agitated religious and political context, making a Catholic building such as a cathedral an embodiment of the struggles between church and state under the Third Republic.The issues dealt with in this thesis start with the role played by the representation of French cathedrals in the context of the Annee Terrible of 1870-1871. The analysis of a number of representations from varied sources demonstrates the importance of the notion of nationalism when considering the cathedrals between the FrancoPrussian War and the beginning of World War One. This issue of nationalism is dealt with further with educational material on cathedrals used during the Third Republic.The religious and spiritual side of the cathedral is examined through a range of visual documents presenting images from Catholic painters as well as through the connection established between the Church and the State during the Ralliement.A specific focus is given to painters Camille Pissarro and Maximilien Luce, whose representations of cathedrals need to be assessed in terms of their strong anarchist views. This examination demonstrates how anarchism and religious buildings such as cathedrals could work together in images towards the promotion of the anarchist ideal.Two case studies also allow for a greater depth of understanding of the messages carried by cathedrals between 1870 and 1914. Many artists represented the cathedral churches of Rouen and Paris, and an analysis of these images brings out the range of ideas which can be associated with cathedrals in the visual arts.The French cathedral was an essential figure of the visual arts between 1870 and 1914 because of its power of suggestion. It was in turn a Catholic church, a nationalist emblem, an anarchist symbol, and a motif utilised by artists to experiment with new pictorial ideas. Between 1870 and 1914 it took on significant new artistic and political dimensions

Sudden Stops, Financial Crises, and Original Sin in Emerging Countries: Déjà vu?

The current pattern of sudden stops and financial crises in emerging markets has great resonance to events in the first era of globalization, from 1870-1913. In this paper I present descriptive statistics on capital flows, current account reversals and financial crises during the period 1870-1913 and compare them with the recent experience. I analyze the incidence of crises and measure their effects on real output losses. Furthermore, I consider the influence of openness to trade, original sin and currency mismatches on the pattern of sudden stops and financial crises. I find strikingly similar patterns across both eras of globalization. The pre-1914 sudden stops were associated with significant output losses comparable with the recent events, and their effects differed considerably depending on a country%u2019s economic circumstances, just as they do today.

The century of education

This paper presents a historical database on educational attainment in 74 countries for the period 1870-2010, using perpetual inventory methods before 1960 and then the Cohen and Soto (2007) database. The correlation between the two sets of average years of schooling in 1960 is equal to 0.96. We use a measurement error framework to merge the two databases, while correcting for a systematic measurement bias in Cohen and Soto (2007) linked to differential mortality across educational groups. Descriptive statistics show a continuous spread of education that has accelerated in the second half of the twentieth century. We find evidence of fast convergence in years of schooling for a sub-sample of advanced countries during the 1870-1914 globalization period, and of modest convergence since 1980. Less advanced countries have been excluded from the convergence club in both cases.education ; economic history ; database

El capitalismo pastor: Dinámica tecnológica e institucional de la ganadería uruguaya entre 1870-1930

Este trabajo presenta una visión del desarrollo de las formas capitalistas en la ganadería del Uruguay, acotada a dos aspectos esenciales: los cambios técnicos y los cambios institucionales que le dieron forma. El proceso se describe en dos movimientos: uno inicial, entre 1870-1914, caracterizado por un descollante dinamismo productivo y tecnológico, y otro de madurez, entre 1914-1930, donde los componentes dinámicos de la ganadería capitalista fundacional se muestran agotados, y se fracasa en la búsqueda de configuraciones técnicas e institucionales capaces de sostener un proceso de crecimiento ganadero en el largo plazo. Luego de presentar un estado de la cuestión, se analizan los aspectos tecnológicos e institucionales asociados al desarrollo del capitalismo agrario en los dos perlados mencionados a partir de información empírica reciente.The development of a capitalist livestock sector in Uruguay is discussed focusing on both the technological and institutional changes that shaped the process. The analysis compares a very dynamic first stage, from 1870 to 1914, to a second period, from 1914 to 1930, where the technical and institutional solutions applied failed to sustain long term growth of the livestock sector

Kozmopolitska Rijeka s prijelaza stoljeća

Recenzija, prikaz knjige "Una città cosmopolita: Fiume e il suo fronte-mare nell’età dualistica (1870-1914), (Kozmopolitski grad: Rijeka i njezina obala u doba Dvojne Monarhije /1870. – 1914./)" Guida Zucconija