536 research outputs found
Skyline queries computation on crowdsourced- enabled incomplete database
Data incompleteness becomes a frequent phenomenon in a large number of contemporary database applications such as web autonomous databases, big data, and crowd-sourced databases. Processing skyline queries over incomplete databases impose a number of challenges that negatively influence processing the skyline queries. Most importantly, the skylines derived from incomplete databases are also incomplete in which some values are missing. Retrieving skylines with missing values is undesirable, particularly, for
recommendation and decision-making systems. Furthermore, running skyline queries on a database with incomplete data raises a number of issues influence processing skyline queries such as losing the transitivity property of the skyline technique and cyclic dominance between the tuples. The issue of estimating the missing values of skylines has been discussed and examined in the database literature. Most recently, several studies have suggested exploiting the crowd-sourced databases in order to estimate the missing values by generating plausible values using the crowd. Crowd-sourced databases have proved to be a powerful solution to perform user-given tasks by integrating human intelligence and experience to process the tasks. However,
task processing using crowd-sourced incurs additional monetary cost and increases the time latency. Also,
it is not always possible to produce a satisfactory result that meets the user's preferences. This paper proposes an approach for estimating the missing values of the skylines by first exploiting the available data and utilizes the implicit relationships between the attributes in order to impute the missing values of the skylines. This process aims at reducing the number of values to be estimated using the crowd when local estimation is inappropriate. Intensive experiments on both synthetic and real datasets have been accomplished. The experimental results have proven that the proposed approach for estimating the missing values of the skylines over crowd-sourced enabled incomplete databases is scalable and outperforms the other existing approaches
The Ionized Gas Kinematics of the LMC-Type Galaxy NGC 1427A in the Fornax Cluster
NGC 1427A is a LMC-like irregular galaxy in the Fornax cluster with an
extended pattern of strong star formation around one of its edges, which is
probably due to some kind of interaction with the cluster environment. We
present H-alpha velocities within NGC 1427A, obtained through long-slit
spectroscopy at seven different positions, chosen to fall on the brightest HII
regions of the galaxy. Due to its location very near the center of the cluster
this object is an excellent candidate to study the effects that the cluster
environment has on gas-rich galaxies embedded in it. The rotation of NGC 1427A
is modeled in two different ways. The global ionized gas kinematics is
reasonably well described by solid-body rotation, although on small scales it
shows a chaotic behaviour. In this simple model, the collision with a smaller
member of the cluster as being responsible for the peculiar morphology of NGC
1427A is very unlikely, since the only candidate intruder falls smoothly into
the general velocity pattern of the main galaxy. In a more elaborate model, for
which we obtain a better solution, this object does not lie in the same plane
of NGC 1427A, in which case we identify it as a satellite bound to the galaxy.
These results are discussed in the context of a normal irregular versus one
interacting with some external agent. Based on several arguments and
quantitative estimates, we argue that the passage through the hot intracluster
gas of the Fornax cluster is a very likely scenario to explain the
morphological properties of NGC 1427A.Comment: 31 pages, LaTeX2e, uses aas2pp4.sty and psfig.sty, including 7
Postscript figures; accepted for publication in ApJ, Vol. 530, February 200
Cosmic-Ray Acceleration Efficiency vs Temperature Equilibration: the Case of SNR 0509-67.5
We study the 0509-67.5 supernova remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud with
the VLT/FORS2 spectrograph. We detect a broad component in the H-alpha emission
with a FWHM of 2680 \pm 70 km/s and 3900 \pm 800 km/s for the southwest (SW)
and northeast (NE) shocks respectively. For the SW, the proton temperature
appears to be too low for the shock velocity, which we attribute to a
cosmic-ray pressure behind the shock front of at least 20% of the total
pressure. For the NE, the post-shock proton temperature and the shock velocity
are compatible, only if the plasma behind the shock front has a degree of
thermal equilibrium of over 20%, which is at odds with current models for
temperature equilibration behind fast shocks, which do not accelerate cosmic
rays. If we assume the electron temperature to be less than 10% of the proton
temperature, we find a post-shock cosmic-ray pressure of at least 7%.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 5 pages, 4 figures and 1
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Deep rest-frame far-UV spectroscopy of the giant Lyman-alpha emitter 'Himiko'
We present deep 10h VLT/XSHOOTER spectroscopy for an extraordinarily luminous
and extended Lya emitter at z=6.595 referred to as Himiko and first discussed
by Ouchi et al. (2009), with the purpose of constraining the mechanisms
powering its strong emission. Complementary to the spectrum, we discuss NIR
imaging data from the CANDELS survey. We find neither for HeII nor any metal
line a significant excess, with 3 sigma upper limits of 6.8, 3.1, and
5.8x10^{-18} erg/s/cm^2 for CIV 1549, HeII 1640, CIII]
1909, respectively, assuming apertures with 200 km/s widths and offset
by -250 km/s w.r.t to the peak Lya redshift. These limits provide strong
evidence that an AGN is not a major contribution to Himiko's Lya flux. Strong
conclusions about the presence of PopIII star-formation or gravitational
cooling radiation are not possible based on the obtained HeII upper limit. Our
Lya spectrum confirms both spatial extent and flux (8.8+/-0.5x10^{-17}
erg/s/cm^2) of previous measurements. In addition, we can unambiguously exclude
any remaining chance of it being a lower redshift interloper by significantly
detecting a continuum redwards of Lya, while being undetected bluewards
Discovering Attractive Products based on Influence Sets
Skyline queries have been widely used as a practical tool for multi-criteria
decision analysis and for applications involving preference queries. For
example, in a typical online retail application, skyline queries can help
customers select the most interesting, among a pool of available, products.
Recently, reverse skyline queries have been proposed, highlighting the
manufacturer's perspective, i.e. how to determine the expected buyers of a
given product. In this work we develop novel algorithms for two important
classes of queries involving customer preferences. We first propose a novel
algorithm, termed as RSA, for answering reverse skyline queries. We then
introduce a new type of queries, namely the k-Most Attractive Candidates k-MAC
query. In this type of queries, given a set of existing product specifications
P, a set of customer preferences C and a set of new candidate products Q, the
k-MAC query returns the set of k candidate products from Q that jointly
maximizes the total number of expected buyers, measured as the cardinality of
the union of individual reverse skyline sets (i.e., influence sets). Applying
existing approaches to solve this problem would require calculating the reverse
skyline set for each candidate, which is prohibitively expensive for large data
sets. We, thus, propose a batched algorithm for this problem and compare its
performance against a branch-and-bound variant that we devise. Both of these
algorithms use in their core variants of our RSA algorithm. Our experimental
study using both synthetic and real data sets demonstrates that our proposed
algorithms outperform existing, or naive solutions to our studied classes of
queries
Line Emitting Galaxies Beyond a Redshift of 7: An Improved Method for Estimating the Evolving Neutrality of the Intergalactic Medium
The redshift-dependent fraction of color-selected galaxies revealing Lyman
alpha emission has become the most valuable constraint on the evolving
neutrality of the early intergalactic medium. However, in addition to resonant
scattering by neutral gas, the visibility of Lyman alpha is also dependent on
the intrinsic properties of the host galaxy, including its stellar population,
dust content and the nature of outflowing gas. Taking advantage of significant
progress we have made in determining the line emitting properties of galaxies, we propose an improved method, based on using the measured
slopes of the rest-frame ultraviolet continua of galaxies, to interpret the
growing body of near-infrared spectra of galaxies in order to take into
account these host galaxy dependencies. In a first application of our new
method, we demonstrate its potential via a new spectroscopic survey of
galaxies undertaken with the Keck MOSFIRE spectrograph. Together with earlier
published data our data provides improved estimates of the evolving visibility
of Lyman alpha, particularly at redshift . As a byproduct, we also
present a new line emitting galaxy at a redshift which supersedes an
earlier redshift record. We discuss the improving constraints on the evolving
neutral fraction over and the implications for cosmic reionization.Comment: To be submitted to Ap
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