29 research outputs found
Finding emotional-laden resources on the World Wide Web
Some content in multimedia resources can depict or evoke certain emotions in users. The aim of Emotional Information Retrieval (EmIR) and of our research is to identify knowledge about emotional-laden documents and to use these findings in a new kind of World Wide Web information service that allows users to search and browse by emotion. Our prototype, called Media EMOtion SEarch (MEMOSE), is largely based on the results of research regarding emotive music pieces, images and videos. In order to index both evoked and depicted emotions in these three media types and to make them searchable, we work with a controlled vocabulary, slide controls to adjust the emotionsâ intensities, and broad folksonomies to identify and separate the correct resource-specific emotions. This separation of so-called power tags is based on a tag distribution which follows either an inverse power law (only one emotion was recognized) or an inverse-logistical shape (two or three emotions were recognized). Both distributions are well known in information science. MEMOSE consists of a tool for tagging basic emotions with the help of slide controls, a processing device to separate power tags, a retrieval component consisting of a search interface (for any topic in combination with one or more emotions) and a results screen. The latter shows two separately ranked lists of items for each media type (depicted and felt emotions), displaying thumbnails of resources, ranked by the mean values of intensity. In the evaluation of the MEMOSE prototype, study participants described our EmIR system as an enjoyable Web 2.0 service
Enhancing a Taxonomy for Health Information Technology: An Exploratory Study of User Input Towards Folksonomy
The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has created a public website to disseminate critical information regarding its health information technology initiative. The website is maintained by AHRQ's Natiomal Resource Center (NRC) for Health Information Technology. In the latest continuous quality improvement project, the NRC used the site's search logs to extract user-generated search phrases. The phrases were then compared to the site's controlled vocabulary with respect to language, grammar, and search precision. Results of the comparison demonstrate that search log data can be a cost-effective way to improve controlled vocabularies as well as information retrieval. User-entered search phrases were found to also share many similarities with folksonomy tags
FilteredWeb: A Framework for the Automated Search-Based Discovery of Blocked URLs
Various methods have been proposed for creating and maintaining lists of
potentially filtered URLs to allow for measurement of ongoing internet
censorship around the world. Whilst testing a known resource for evidence of
filtering can be relatively simple, given appropriate vantage points,
discovering previously unknown filtered web resources remains an open
challenge.
We present a new framework for automating the process of discovering filtered
resources through the use of adaptive queries to well-known search engines. Our
system applies information retrieval algorithms to isolate characteristic
linguistic patterns in known filtered web pages; these are then used as the
basis for web search queries. The results of these queries are then checked for
evidence of filtering, and newly discovered filtered resources are fed back
into the system to detect further filtered content.
Our implementation of this framework, applied to China as a case study, shows
that this approach is demonstrably effective at detecting significant numbers
of previously unknown filtered web pages, making a significant contribution to
the ongoing detection of internet filtering as it develops.
Our tool is currently deployed and has been used to discover 1355 domains
that are poisoned within China as of Feb 2017 - 30 times more than are
contained in the most widely-used public filter list. Of these, 759 are outside
of the Alexa Top 1000 domains list, demonstrating the capability of this
framework to find more obscure filtered content. Further, our initial analysis
of filtered URLs, and the search terms that were used to discover them, gives
further insight into the nature of the content currently being blocked in
China.Comment: To appear in "Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference
2017" (TMA2017
The state of research on folksonomies in the field of Library and Information Science : a Systematic Literature Review
Purpose â The purpose of this thesis is to provide an overview of all relevant peer-reviewed articles on folksonomies, social tagging and social bookmarking as knowledge organisation systems within the field of Library and Information Science by reviewing the current state of research on these systems of managing knowledge. Method â I use the systematic literature review method in order to systematically and transparently review and synthesise data extracted from 39 articles found through the discovery system LUBsearch in order to find out which, and to which degree different methods, theories and systems are represented, which subfields can be distinguished, how present research within these subfields is and which larger conclusions can be drawn from research conducted between 2003-2013 on folksonomies. Findings â There have been done many studies which are exploratory or reviewing literature discussions, and other frequently used methods which have been used are questionnaires or surveys, although often in conjunction with other methods. Furthermore, out of the 39 studies, 22 were quantitative, 15 were qualitative and 2 used mixed methods. I also found that there were an underwhelming number of theories being explicitly used, where merely 11 articles explicitly used theories, and only one theory was used twice. No key authors on the topic were identified, though Knowledge Organization, Information Processing & Management and Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology were recognised as key journals for research on folksonomies. There have been plenty of studies on how tags and folksonomies have effected other knowledge organisation systems, or how pre-existing have been used to create new systems. Other well represented subfields include studies on the quality or characteristics of tags or text, and studies aiming to improve folksonomies, search methods or tags. Value â I provide an overview on what has been researched and where the focus on said research has been during the last decade and present future research suggestions and identify possible dangers to be wary of which I argue will benefit folksonomies and knowledge organisation as a whole
Vehicle Tracking System using Nanotechnology Satellites and Tags
This paper describes a joint project to design, develop, and deploy a satellite based tracking system incorporating micro-nanotechnology components. The system consists of a constellation of 'nanosats', a satellite command station and data collection sites, and a large number of low-cost electronic 'tags'. Both government and commercial applications are envisioned for the satellite based tracking system. The projected low price for the tracking service is made possible by the lightweight nanosats and inexpensive electronic tags which use high production volume single chip transceivers and microprocessor devices. The nanosat consists of a five inch aluminum cube with body mounted solar panels (GaAs solar cells) on all six faces. A UHF turnstile antenna and a simple, spring release mechanism complete the external configuration of the spacecraft
Fish tracking technology development. Phase 1 project definition desk study
The document reports on Phase 1 of a definition study to appraise the options to develop fish tracking equipment, in particular tags and data logging systems in order to improve the efficiency of the Environment Agency's tracking studies and to obtain a greater understanding of fish
biology.
Covered in this report are radio telemetry, audio telemetry, High Resolution Position Fixing, data storage and archival tags and other fish tracking systems such as biosonics
A Handheld Fine-Grained RFID Localization System with Complex-Controlled Polarization
There is much interest in fine-grained RFID localization systems. Existing
systems for accurate localization typically require infrastructure, either in
the form of extensive reference tags or many antennas (e.g., antenna arrays) to
localize RFID tags within their radio range. Yet, there remains a need for
fine-grained RFID localization solutions that are in a compact, portable,
mobile form, that can be held by users as they walk around areas to map them,
such as in retail stores, warehouses, or manufacturing plants.
We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of POLAR, a portable
handheld system for fine-grained RFID localization. Our design introduces two
key innovations that enable robust, accurate, and real-time localization of
RFID tags. The first is complex-controlled polarization (CCP), a mechanism for
localizing RFIDs at all orientations through software-controlled polarization
of two linearly polarized antennas. The second is joint tag discovery and
localization (JTDL), a method for simultaneously localizing and reading tags
with zero-overhead regardless of tag orientation. Building on these two
techniques, we develop an end-to-end handheld system that addresses a number of
practical challenges in self-interference, efficient inventorying, and
self-localization. Our evaluation demonstrates that POLAR achieves a median
accuracy of a few centimeters in each of the x/y/z dimensions in practical
indoor environments
Competent Men and Warm Women: Gender Stereotypes and Backlash in Image Search Results
There is much concern about algorithms that underlie
information services and the view of the world they
present. We develop a novel method for examining the
content and strength of gender stereotypes in image
search, inspired by the trait adjective checklist method.
We compare the gender distribution in photos retrieved by
Bing for the query âpersonâ and for queries based on 68
character traits (e.g., âintelligent personâ) in four regional
markets. Photos of men are more often retrieved for
âperson,â as compared to women. As predicted, photos of
women are more often retrieved for warm traits (e.g.,
âemotionalâ) whereas agentic traits (e.g., ârationalâ) are
represented by photos of men. A backlash effect, where
stereotype-incongruent individuals are penalized, is
observed. However, backlash is more prevalent for
âcompetent womenâ than âwarm men.â Results underline
the need to understand how and why biases enter search
algorithms and at which stages of the engineering proces