Performance Analysis of Intersection Based Algorithm in VANET with Traffic Light Considerations

ABSTRACT: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks is an emerging technology. In Vehicular safety algorithm, the source vehicle that detects an accident can generate a warning message and propagate it to the succeeding vehicles to notify drivers before they reach to the potential danger zone on the road. The main application of VANET is in Intelligent Transportation System providing various applications such safety and non-safety related services. VANET is subclass of Mobile Ad hoc Network. Dynamic topology change and high speeds of nodes creates a distinction from MANET. In this paper we discuss the impact of traffic light employed at intersections on the routing process. This paper proposes an effective and reliable routing protocol that takes traffic lights into consideration. KEYWORDS: ITS, GPSR, MANET, V2I, V2V, VANET I . INTRODUCTION During the last few years vehicular communication is attracting growing attention from both academic and industrial point of view. This is because of its applications ranging from road safety to traffic control and up to infotainment. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are self organized networks built up from moving vehicles. VANETs are instantiation of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). As in MANETs, packet forwarding in VANET takes place through multi hop relaying. But certain features distinguish VANETs from MANETs. These include high mobility of nodes, frequent network partition, constraints on roadways, etc. These characteristics pose technical challenges to implement high performance Vehicular networks. Possible applications [1-2] can be generally classified as safety and non safety applications. Safety applications include cooperative driving, accident avoidance etc. Non-safety applications include traffic information, toll service, internet access, games, entertainment etc. Success of VANET applications depends on how data is routed between nodes. The history of VANET routing protocols starts with MANET routing protocols such as Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector routing (AODV) Designing a routing protocol for urban environment is quite challenging task since the traffic lights deployed at intersections divide the road in to different segments. The nodes move at constrained speeds through these segments. In such an environment intersection based routing protocols are highly reliable. In intersection based routing, when vehicles move on straight road, they forward by greedy forwarding. When they reach an intersection a decision is made whether to forward in same direction or to perpendicular direction. Many intersection based routing protocols have been proposed to carry efficient routing in VANET. But only few protocols consider traffic lights. The communication in the VANET appears in such forms i.e. Intra-Vehicle (InV), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications [5]. This communication takes place with the help of communicatio

An Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for the Existing Protocols and Applications

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. And it's an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free to be dynamically and some time act as routers at the same time, and we discuss in this paper the distinct characteristics of traditional wired networks, including network configuration may change at any time, there is no direction or limit the movement and so on, and thus needed a new optional path Agreement (Routing Protocol) to identify nodes for these actions communicate with each other path, An ideal choice way the agreement should not only be able to find the right path, and the Ad Hoc Network must be able to adapt to changing network of this type at any time. and we talk in details in this paper all the information of Mobile Ad Hoc Network which include the History of ad hoc, wireless ad hoc, wireless mobile approaches and types of mobile ad Hoc networks, and then we present more than 13 types of the routing Ad Hoc Networks protocols have been proposed. In this paper, the more representative of routing protocols, analysis of individual characteristics and advantages and disadvantages to collate and compare, and present the all applications or the Possible Service of Ad Hoc Networks.Comment: 24 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa

A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Security

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest in the research community due their wide range of applications. Due to distributed nature of these networks and their deployment in remote areas, these networks are vulnerable to numerous security threats that can adversely affect their proper functioning. This problem is more critical if the network is deployed for some mission-critical applications such as in a tactical battlefield. Random failure of nodes is also very likely in real-life deployment scenarios. Due to resource constraints in the sensor nodes, traditional security mechanisms with large overhead of computation and communication are infeasible in WSNs. Security in sensor networks is, therefore, a particularly challenging task. This paper discusses the current state of the art in security mechanisms for WSNs. Various types of attacks are discussed and their countermeasures presented. A brief discussion on the future direction of research in WSN security is also included.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

UAV Aided Data Collection for Wildlife Monitoring using Cache-enabled Mobile Ad-hoc Wireless Sensor Nodes

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted data collection is not a new concept and has been used in various mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a caching assisted scheme alternative to routing in MANETs for the purpose of wildlife monitoring. Rather than deploying a routing protocol, data is collected and transported to and from a base station using a UAV. Although some literature exists on such an approach, we propose the use of intermediate caching between the mobile nodes and compare it to a baseline scenario where no caching is used. The paper puts forward our communication design where we have simulated the movement of multiple mobile sensor nodes in a field that move according to the Levy walk model imitating wildlife animal foraging and a UAV that makes regular trips across the field to collect data from them. The unmanned aerial vehicle can collect data not only from the current node it is communicating with but also data of other nodes that this node came into contact with. Simulations show that exchanging cached data is highly advantages as the drone can indirectly communicate with many more mobile nodes