Activation of Natural Zeolite as Water Adsorbent for Mixed-Adsorption Drying

Mixed-adsorption drying with material using zeolite is an option to improve product quality and energy efficiency of drying seeds. In this case, zeolite and seeds are mixed and fluidized by warm air as drying medium. The air will desorb water from seed, and at the same time, zeolite will adsorb vapor from air. Thus, the driving force of drying can be kept high. However, in Indonesia, the zeolite with high adsorption capacity is hardly found in market. This research studied the activation of natural zeolite using two different methods: by heating at 200-400oC, and adding NaOH 0.5-2.0 N. Results showed that the adsorbing capacity of zeolite activated by 1.0 N NaOH is 0.170 gr water/gr dry zeolite. While, by heating at 300oC for 3 hours, is 0.140 gr water loaded/gr dry zeolite. With the performance, zeolite can be used for drying application. Keywords: zeolite, fluidized, adsorption, drying, activatio

Determining the Accessibility of Zeolite L Channels Using the Color Change of Thionine Dyes

Host-guest materials are created when a guest dye molecule enters the channels within the zeolite host, which can be useful to understand how molecules act in a constrained environment. In the study of Zeolite L, it was previously unclear if Brooker’s merocyanine was able to go into the channels of Zeolite L. The purpose of this research was to determine if thionine dye could be inserted into the zeolite crystal channels and how much dye would be adsorbed. Thionine was chosen as a guest dye to compare synthesized zeolite with known literature behavior. Zeolite L was synthesized in the lab, and the crystal structure was confirmed with XRD. Then, a zeolite suspension was added to a 2.5 x 10-5 M aqueous thionine solution and heated to boiling until the solution turned from purple to blue. The color change indicated that the dye molecules entered the channels of the zeolite, which lead to three conclusions. First, the synthesized Zeolite L channels could incorporate dye molecules, which followed the literature example. This project also proved to be a faster way of confirming that the crystal was correct versus examining the crystal in the XRD. Lastly, the amount of dye that entered the zeolite channels was measured and compared to previous studies

REMOVAL OF SEAWATER HARDNESS CONTAIN Ca2+ ION USING NATURAL ZEOLITE AS ADSORBTION

Indonesia was an archipelago country in which 2 / 3 was surrounded by the ocean. Sea water contains many minerals that was useful and there was also elements that harm human beings one of which is Ca2+ ions that cause water hardness. Ions can be removed by using natural zeolite as adsorbtion.This research was expected to utilize zeolite as an absorber to absorb Ca2+ ions contained in seawater causes of hardness so that it can be used and processed further and can be applied on an industrial scale.The method used in this research was batch research. Before the zeolite was used for adsorbent, zeolite first activated using NaOH 1N. Zeolite already active is mixed with seawater and then stirred. The conditions used in this research are the conditions specified amount of sea water, the weight of zeolite and stirring speed. While working conditions are the zeolite particle size and stirring time.Based on the results of research conducted, the best conditions obtained on the zeolite particle size of 100 meshes with 75 minutes of stirring time, producing levels of calcium (Ca2+) of 909.25 mg / liter

Use of a zeolite synthesised from alkali treated kaolin as a K fertiliser: Glasshouse experiments on leaching and uptake of K by wheat plants in sandy soil

Zeolite N, a zeolite referred to in earlier publications as MesoLite, is made by caustic reaction of kaolin at temperatures between 80 °C and 95 °C. This material has a very high cation exchange capacity (CEC ≈ 500 meq/100 g). Soil column leaching experiments have shown that K-zeolite N additions greatly reduce leaching of NH4+ fertilisers but the agronomic effectiveness of the retained K+ and NH4+ is unknown. To measure the bioavailability of K in this zeolite, wheat was grown in a glasshouse with K-zeolite N as the K fertiliser in highly-leached and non-leached pots for four weeks and compared with a soluble K fertiliser (KCl). The plants grown in non-leached pots and fertilised with K-zeolite N were slightly larger than those grown with KCl. The elemental compositions in the plants were similar except for Si being significantly more concentrated in the plants supplied with K-zeolite N. Thus K-zeolite N may be an effective K-fertiliser. Plants grown in highly-leached pots were significantly smaller than those grown in non-leached pots. Plants grown in highly-leached pots were severely K deficient as half of the K from both KCl and K-zeolite N was leached from the pots within three days

IMOBILISASI ZEOLIT BEKAS PENYERAP LIMBAH RAFINAT DARI PRODUKSI RADIOISOTOP MOLIBDENUM-99 DENGAN POLIMER

Rafinat waste that produced by Instalation of Radioisotop Production is contained uranium. The research of uranium sorption by zeolite Alumino Silico Phosphate (ASP) and selected of best waste loading for immobilisation of saturated zeolite uranium used resin epoxy has been done. Uranium used is a simulation waste from uranyl nitrat hexahydrat which has 50 ppm in concentration. Zeolite ASP was made by mixing pure zeolite with Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADHP). This research was done to variate the factor that influence the sorption process. Which are composition of zeolite ASP,retention time, and pH. The result of selected variable will be used for making saturated zeolite uranium will be immobilized with epoxy resin with variation of waste loading. Optimum condition of uranium sorption reached on zeolite ASP 1:1 with pH 7 and retention time for 12 minutes with uranium removal efficiency 51,1 %. Base on density, compressive strenght, and leaching rate ,the best result for polymer-waste block is on 20 % waste loading. In that condition the density for polymer waste block is 1,0538 gram/cm3 , the compreesive strenght 19,36 kN/cm3 and the leaching rate is not detected. Key word: Sorption, zeolite ASP, waste loading, epoxy resi

Fabrication Material Zeolite Modified by Fe with Treatment and Without High Energy Milling on Zeolite Materials

Natural zeolite in Indonesia are generally found in bulk form and many impurities. The purpose of this research was obtaining iron modified zeolite with and without High Energy Milling treatment on zeolite material. Zeolite material was done by milling using a High Energy Milling and modifications were done by soaking in a solution of iron (Fe). Natural zeolites was sifted and then milling by HEM, activation and Fe modification. Characterization of iron modified zeolites were done using SEM-EDX, BET and XRD. SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology of ZmA-Fe was elliptical agglomerated and ZA-Fe was elliptical. EDX showed that the percentage of Fe atom increased in ZmA-Fe and ZA-Fe against natural zeolite respectively by 566.67% and 333.33%. BET analysis of the ZmA-Fe to ZA-Fe showed the specific surface area decreased difference of 15%, the pore volume increased difference of 13.44%, and the average pore size increased difference of 30.48%. XRD analysis as well as provided information about crystallinity ZmA-Fe and ZA-Fe did not differ significantly from the natural zeolite. Based on the analysis results indicated that the Fe which has been modified into the zeolite with and without treatment by High Energy Milling on a zeolite material

Removal of organobromine compounds from the pyrolysis oils of flame retarded plastics using zeolite catalysts

Two flame retarded plastics have been pyrolysed in the presence of two Zeolite catalysts to remove the organobromine compounds from the derived pyrolysis oil. The flame retarded plastics were, acrylonitrile – butadiene – styrene (ABS) that was flame retarded with tetrabromobisphenol A and high-impact-polystyrene (HIPS) that was flame retarded with decabromodiphenyl ether. The two catalysts investigated were Zeolite ZSM-5 and Y-Zeolite. Pyrolysis was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at a final pyrolysis temperature of 440 ºC. The pyrolysis gases were passed immediately to a fixed bed of the catalyst bed. It was found that the presence of Zeolite catalysts increased the amount of gaseous hydrocarbons produced during pyrolysis but decreased the amount of pyrolysis oil produced. In addition, significant quantities of coke were formed on the surface of the catalysts during pyrolysis. The Zeolite catalysts were found to reduce the formation of some valuable pyrolysis products such as styrene and cumene, but other products such as naphthalene were formed instead. The Zeolite catalysts, especially Y-Zeolite, were found to be very effective at removing volatile organobromine compounds. However, they were less effective at removing antimony bromide from the volatile pyrolysis products, although some antimony bromide was found on the surfaces of the spent catalysts

Role of Lewis acid sites of ZSM-5 zeolite on gaseous ozone abatement

In this work, chemical interactions between ozone and zeolite surface active sites are studied in order to propose a process for gaseous ozone removal. Synthetic ZSM-5 zeolites with three different Si/Al2 ratios and similar specific surface areas and microporous volumes were used in this study. Zeolite samples were characterised using Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) and pyridine sorption IR studies in order to determine acidic site concentrations and strength. Ozone removal experiments were conducted in a quartz fixed-bed flow reactor, at 20°C and 101 kPa. Experiments using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) were conducted in order to identify adsorbed ozone and/or adsorbed oxygen species on zeolite surface. Pyridine IR measurements evidence two kinds of Lewis acid sites induced by extra-framework aluminium species and electronic aluminium defaults inside zeolite structure. Results obtained here evidence the important role of acidic surface sites of ZSM-5 zeolite on gaseous ozone removal. The total amount of removed ozone is found to be directly proportional to the total content of Lewis acid sites. DRIFTS experiments exhibit two bands around 800 and 1400 cm-1 that could correspond to adsorbed oxygen species linked to zeolite surface. DRIFTS experiments also exhibit a band around 1100 cm-1 that correspond to adsorbed ozone on the zeolite surface. Gaseous ozone removal using ZSM-5 zeolite could be largely attributed to ozone decomposition on Lewis acid sites and also to ozone adsorption on the surface of the zeolites

Optical properties of 4 A single-walled carbon nanotubes inside the zeolite channels studied from first principles calculations

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of 4 A single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) contained inside the zeolite channels have been studied based upon the density-functional theory in the local-density approximation (LDA). Our calculated results indicate that the relaxed geometrical structures for the smallest SWNTs in the zeolite channels are much different from those of the ideal isolated SWNTs, producing a great effect on their physical properties. It is found that all three kinds of 4 A SWNTs can possibly exist inside the Zeolite channels. Especially, as an example, we have also studied the coupling effect between the ALPO_4-5 zeolite and the tube (5,0) inside it, and found that the zeolite has real effects on the electronic structure and optical properties of the inside (5,0) tube.Comment: 9 pages, 6figure