Efficacy of Toothpaste Containing Nano Calcium in Dentin Remineralization

Brushing teeth with toothpaste is the most effective method of removing plaque, preventing dental caries and repairing early caries. This research aims to conduct an efficacy test of toothpaste containing nano calcium as an active ingredient in repairing early caries over two weeks. A double-blind randomized parallel group clinical trial was conducted. Eighteen people were randomly assigned to use the test toothpaste, and eighteen others were assigned to use the control toothpaste. Assessments of early caries with DIAGNOdent Pen were performed before and after two weeks of toothpaste use. The results showed that the test toothpaste was more effective in repairing early caries over two weeks than the control toothpaste. Toothpaste containing nano-calcium has the potential to accelerate the healing of early dental caries

The Prevalence of Antibiotic and Toothpaste Sensitivity Found in Oral Streptococcal Isolates in Healthy Individuals in the Okada Community of Nigeria

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic, and toothpaste sensitivity of oral streptococcal isolates in healthy individuals in the Okada community of Nigeria. Methods: Oral samples were collected from 230 volunteers and were subjected to standard microbiological tests. Antibacterial sensitivity tests were carried out on the streptococcal isolates that were obtained using a disk diffusion technique, and eight kinds of toothpaste (A-H) were screened for their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Results: The prevalence of oral streptococci found in this study was 26.1% and the predominant species was S. salivarius (13.9%). S. salivarius was highly resistant to cloxacillin (100%) and Augmentin (96.9%), whilst resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin was low at 21.9% and 3.1% respectively. S. mutans were completely sensitive to gentamicin whilst resistance to erythromycin was 33.3%. The entire Streptococcus species showed the lowest resistance to erythromycin (20.0%), followed by gentamicin (31.7%). At 100 mg/mL all toothpaste samples had antibacterial effects on S. mutans. At 50 mg/mL all samples except toothpastes G and H inhibited the bacterium. Toothpastes A and E had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 mg/mL. Conclusions: Toothpastes A and E were the most effective toothpastes of the eight assessed in this study

Antimicrobial Activity and Micro-Flora Quality Evaluation of Commonly Used Toothpastes

To determine the microbiological quality and antimicrobial activity and effectiveness of commonly used toothpaste, thirty products consisting of eight brands of toothpaste were evaluated using standard methods and Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans as test organisms. All the toothpastes were sterile, and had some levels of antimicrobial activity at neat and 10-1 dilutions. Colgate and Signal had the highest zones of inhibition 20mm and 12mm against Staphylococcus aureus. Colgate and Macleans herbal neat concentration had the highest inhibition of 11mm and 10mm on Candida albicans. Colgate and Macleans had a minimum inhibitory concentration greater than 10-3 for Staphylococcus aureus. The other toothpastes showed minimum inhibitory concentration of 10-1 and 10-2. Close Up herbal and Colgate had minimum inhibitory concentrations of greater than 10-3 for Candida albicans. At 10-2 dilution, total bacteria count of colonies increased as the time of exposure increased for most of the toothpastes. There was however, a general decline in the number of Candida colonies as the time of exposure increased. The toothpastes reduced and inhibited the test organisms mainly as neat and at 5 and 10 minutes. It is advocated that brushing the teeth for 5 to 10 minutes will allow for enough contact time for toothpaste to act on oral microbes and importantly pathogens for maximum result of good oral hygiene. Further studies on the relationship of brushing mannerism and toothpaste use culture are necessary. Regular survey of personal care products at the consumer level is advised to help keep the consumers informed of quality of products and checkmate producers of fake product and thus help stamp out unwholesome product from our market

Bioactivity of toothpaste containing bioactive glass in remineralizing media: effect of fluoride release from the enzymatic cleavage of monofluorophosphate

Objectives. The aim was to introduce a new methodology to characterize toothpaste containing bioactive glass and to evaluate the effect of release of fluoride ions, by cleaving monofluorophosphate (MFP), on the mineral forming ability of Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP). which contains NovaMinTM (bioactive glass, 45S5 composition). Methods. SRP, NovaMin particles, and placebo paste (PLA) which did not contain NovaMin, were immersed into a remineralization media (RS), which mimics the ionic strength of human saliva, for 3 days with different concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 0, 25 and 75 U.L−1. Ion concentration profiles and pH were monitored by ICPOES and F− ion selective electrode. Remaining solids were collected by freeze-drying and their surfaces analysed. Results. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on the surface of BG alone (after 1 h) and in toothpaste (after 2 h), whereas PLA did not induce any precipitation. ALP cleaved MFP at different rates depending on the enzyme concentration. Increasing the concentration of ALP from 0 and 75 U.L−1 reduced the time of HA formation from 2 h to 24 h. However, the presence of fluoride induced the precipitation of fluorapatite. No evidence of fluorite (CaF2) was observed. The apatite formation ability of toothpaste can be assessed using the presented method

フッ化物無配合歯磨剤を使用する児童の保護者における歯科保健行動：横断研究

One of the dental health goals of Health Japan 21, in which the Japanese government clarified its health policy, was to ensure the use of fluoride toothpaste in 90% or more of schoolchildren. This goal was not achieved. The aim of this cross-sectional questionnaire study was to evaluate the characteristics of parents whose children use non-fluoride toothpaste.In December 2010, questionnaire forms were sent to 18 elementary schools or school dentists. Students (6-12 years old) were asked to take the forms home for their parents to fill in, and to bring the completed questionnaire to school. The collected questionnaires were mailed from schools to the author\u27s institution by the end of March 2011. The relationship between fluoride in toothpaste and reasons for choice of toothpaste, the child\u27s toothbrushing habits, and attitude toward child caries prevention was examined in the 6,069 respondents who answered all the questions for the analyses and indicated that their children use toothpaste.Non-fluoride toothpaste users accounted for 5.1% of all toothpaste users. Among the children using non-fluoride toothpaste, significantly greater numbers gave \u27anti-gingivitis\u27, \u27halitosis prevention\u27 or \u27tartar control\u27 as reasons for choice of toothpaste; did not give \u27has fluoride\u27, \u27is cheaper\u27 or \u27tastes good\u27 as reasons for choice of toothpaste; or used toothpaste sometimes, or were in 4th - 6th grades. There was no significant relationship between use of non-fluoride toothpaste and measures taken for caries prevention in children. Multilevel (first level: individual, second level: school) logistic regression analysis indicated that use of non-fluoride toothpaste was significantly related to: giving \u27anti-gingivitis\u27 (odds ratio: 1.44) as a reason for choice of toothpaste; not giving \u27has fluoride\u27 (0.40), \u27tastes good\u27 (0.49) or \u27is cheaper\u27 (0.50) as the reason for choice of toothpaste; to toothbrushing less often (twice a day: 1.34, once a day or less: 1.46) and to using toothpaste less often (sometimes: 1.39).It is necessary to teach parents that dental caries is the dental health issue with the highest priority for children, and therefore fluoride toothpaste should be used.神奈川歯科大学201

The Efficacy of Selected Desensitizing OTC Products: A Systematic Review.

Licensed by the Creative Commons Attribution LicenseObjectives. The aim of the present study was to review the published literature in order to identify relevant studies for inclusion and to determine whether there was any evidence on the clinical effectiveness of selected desensitizing toothpastes, calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS), amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), nanohydroxyapatite, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (tooth mousse) on reducing dentine hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods. Following a review of 593 papers identified from searching both electronic databases (PUBMED) and hand searching of relevant written journals, only 5 papers were accepted for inclusion. Results. Analysis of the included studies (3 CSPS and 2 ACP) would suggest that there may be some benefit for patients using these products for reducing DH. No direct comparative studies were available to assess all these products under the same conditions neither were there any comparative randomised controlled studies that compared at least two of these products in determining their effectiveness in treating DH. Conclusions. Due to the small number of included studies, there are limited clinical data to support any claims of clinical efficacy of these OTC products. Further studies are therefore required to determine the efficacy of these products in well-controlled RCT studies with a larger sample size

Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Cmc Na Sebagai Pengikat Dalam Pasta Gigi Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) Dan Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum Ruiz Dan Pav) Terhadap Karakteristik Fisiknya

Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC Na) commonly used as binder on toothpaste becauseits has good viscosity. The active ingredient of two type of toothpaste is ethanol extract of guava leaves (EEDJB) and ethanol extract of red betel leaf (EEDSM), respectively which has the potential for antiplaque on teeth. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of variations concentration of CMC Naagainst physical characteristics from toothpaste EEDJB and EEDSM. EEDJB and EEDSM had made by maceration method using ethanol 70% as a solvent. Three different concentrations of CMC Naof toothpaste formulation EEDJB are FI (0.5%); FII (0.75%); FIII (1.00%) and EEDSM are FI (0.45%); FII (0.67%); FIII (0.90%). Toothpaste of EEDSM and EEDJB had tested against its physical characteristics. Based on theexperimental results of toothpaste formulations EEDJB and EEDSM states that the higher concentration of CMC Na hadn't affect the organoleptic and foaming test, but the viscosity becomes higher and the potency dispersive of becomes decreases. Value of viscosity (dPas) toothpaste EEDJB for FI (123,33 ± 5,77); FII (256,67 ± 20,81); FIII (283,33 ± 10,40), while toothpaste EEDSM for FI (125±5); FII (250±25); FIII (316,6± 28,87. The average of the potency dispersive (cm2) of toothpaste EEDJB with a load of 150 grams for F1 (1,75); F2 (1,21); F3 (0,89), while toothpaste EEDSM with a load of 150 grams for F1 (1,64); F2 (1,26); F3 (0,73)

Perbedaan Pasta Gigi dengan dan Tanpa Tambahan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) Konsentrasi 10,5% Terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Streptococcus Mutans

Streptococcus mutans is known as the main bacteria causes dental caries. Dental caries can be avoided by applying toothpaste contains antibacteria and this antibacteria ability can be enhanced by adding herbal materials with 10,5% consentration of ethanol extract of bilimbi leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi L.). The aims of study were to know the difference between toothpaste with and without additional ethanol extract of bilimbi leaf on growth inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and to examine ethanol extract of bilimbi leaf to increase antibacteria ability of toothpaste to inhibit Streptococcus mutans. The true experimental laboratory with postest only control group design was performed in this study. The experimental was devided into three groups included toothpaste with and without ethanol extract of bilimbi leaf and aquabidest used as negative control. Diffusion prosedure was delivered to know the inhibitory zone. The result, toothpaste without ethanol extract of bilimbi leaf had clear zone stronger than toothpaste with ethanol extract of bilimbi leaf and negative control was p=0,000, meanwhile toothpaste with ethanol extract of bilimbi leaf could not increase antibacterial ability of toothpaste to inhibit Streptococcus mutans was p=0,000. In conclusion, toothpaste with and without ethanol extract of bilimbi leaf had potensial to inhibit Streptococcus mutans but ethanol extract of bilimbi leaf could not increase antibacterial ability of toothpaste to inhibit Streptococcus mutans

\u3ci\u3eCamellia sinensis\u3c/I\u3e constituents: A Review of Oral Cancer Prevention

Historically, Camellia sinensis (tea) is a plant that has been known to contain antioxidants. Antioxidants such as catechins have been demonstrated to be chemopreventive agents. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the anticancer properties of tea, and its constituents. Since tea is taken orally, and one of the easiest entrances into the human body for microbes is through the oral cavity, this review will focus mainly on oral cancer. Through animal and epidemiological studies, the main active ingredient responsible for the anticancer properties of tea has been determined to be the catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Tea constituents were analyzed through the use of HPLC and confirmed by comparison to authentic standards and mass spectrometry. The results obtained from some studies conflicted with earlier notions that tea catechins act as antioxidants, inhibiting cancer cells. They discovered the catechins to have a pro-oxidant effect, generating reactive oxygen species, such as H2O2. Methods of cancer inhibition were also explored, including cell cycle arrest at certain checkpoints and induction of apoptosis, the active process of cell death. Results from a current study were also examined. Anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects of green and white teas were determined using the plaque method and the Kirby-Bauer, disk-diffusion technique. Results indicated the power of whole tea and tea constituents alongside toothpaste and gum. More than 99% inactivation of viruses was obtained in ten minutes using Tom’s of Maine toothpaste with white tea, whereas infusion of tea into chewing gum yielded over 90% inactivation. Furthermore, distinct zones of inhibition were present for toothpastes and gum treated with tea than for the oral agents by themselves. The future of the research was also briefly discussed. Although many studies have shown beneficial properties of Camellia sinensis, much more epidemiological research remains to be conducted in order to observe the effects on human cancer cells

Hardness of Demineralized Enamel with the Application of Toothpaste Containing Green Tea Extract

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of toothpastes with or without green tea extract on the enamel hardness. Human teeth were used as specimens and surface enamel demineralization by soaking in 1% citric acid. Teeth that have been demineralized were applied with a toothpaste containing green tea extract with concentrations of up to 15% on the surface of the enamel teeth and then proceed with surface hardness measurement using Knoop system. The results showed that soaking the teeth (enamel) in a demineralized solution has significantly decreased the hardness of tooth enamel. Applications of toothpaste without (0%) and with green tea extract 5% or 10% or 15% on the demineralized enamel surface have increased the enamel hardness significantly. However, no significant differences were seen between the demineralized enamel and enamel applied with toothpaste containing green tea 5% or 10% or 15%. It was concluded that the application of toothpaste containing 5% green tea extract was able to increase the hardness of demineralized enamel.   &nbsp