Upregulation of CENP-H in tongue cancer correlates with poor prognosis and progression

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Centromere protein H (CENP-H) is one of the fundamental components of the human active kinetochore. Recently, CENP-H was identified to be associated with tumorigenesis. This study was aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic significance of CENP-H in tongue cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>RT-PCR, real time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of CENP-H in tongue cancer cell lines and biopsies. CENP-H protein level in paraffin-embedded tongue cancer tissues were tested by immunohistochemical staining and undergone statistical analysis. CENP-H-knockdown stable cell line was established by infecting cells with a retroviral vector pSuper-retro-CENP-H-siRNA. The biological function of CENP-H was tested by MTT assay, colony formation assay, and Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CENP-H expression was higher in tongue cancer cell lines and cancer tissues (T) than that in normal cell and adjacent noncancerous tongue tissues (N), respectively. It was overexpressed in 55.95% (94/168) of the paraffin-embedded tongue cancer tissues, and there was a strong correlation between CENP-H expression and clinical stage, as well as T classification. CENP-H can predict the prognosis of tongue cancer patients especially those in early stage. Depletion of CENP-H can inhibit the proliferation of tongue cancer cells (Tca8113) and downregulate the expression of Survivin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings suggested that CENP-H involves in the development and progression of tongue cancer. CENP-H might be a valuable prognostic indicator for tongue cancer patients within early stage.</p

The Role of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) Flavonoid’s Fraction in Proliferation and Angiogenesis Inhibition of Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer that occurs in the oral cavity which is about 90-95 % of total malignancy in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the flavonoid’s fraction of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) as an anti-cancer to angiogenesis inhibition by suppressing the VEGF and IL-8 expression in SP-C1 human tongue cancer cell. Material and Method: This research was conducted with the pure laboratory experimental method using Supri’s-Clone 1 (SP-C1) human tongue cancer cell culture. This research was started with cytotoxicity test to obtain the fraction of flavonoid that possesses anti-cancer potentiality and angiogenesis inhibition test. Result: The result of this study showed that ethyl acetate and ethanol fraction of flavonoid had a role in inhibiting the VEGF protein and interleukin 8 expressions in SP-C1 tongue cancer cell. ANOVA test with significance level (? = 0,05) which resulted in highly significant difference in the concentration with a mean optical density (OD) absorbance ethanol fraction (p = 0,00), ethyl acetate fraction (p = 0,00), and controls (p = 0,00) for the suppression of VEGF protein expression and interleukin-8 of SP-C1 human tongue cancer cell. Western blotting analysis showed that ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoid application to SP-C1 human tongue cancer cell showed a decrease in SP-C1 protein expression.   Conclusion: Flavonoid fraction of sarang semut inhibit the angiogenesis in SP-C1 tongue cell cancer by suppressing the VEGF and interleukin 8 protein expression. Ethyl acetate fraction from sarang semut’s flavonoid inhibited the expression signal transduction factor from SP-C1 tongue cancer cell. Keywords: SP-C1 tongue squamous cell carcinoma, sarang semut flavonoid’s fraction, angiogenesis, VEGF, interleukin-8

Expression of semaphorin 3A and neuropilin 1 with clinicopathological features and survival in human tongue cancer

Objective: To investigate the association between semaphorin 3A (SEMA 3A) and its receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with tongue cancer. Study Design: Forty-three tongue squamous cell carcinoma specimens were included. Immunohistochemical staining of SEMA3A and NRP1 was performed on 15 normal tongue epithelium specimens and the 43 tumour specimens. Immunoreactivity was evaluated based on the staining intensity and distribution score. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-squared and Spearman tests and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: SEMA3A was significantly down-regulated in tongue cancer compared with normal tongue (P=0.025), while NRP1 was over-expressed in tumours (P=1 predicted shorter survival (P=0.045). Conclusions: Aberrant expression of SEMA3A and its receptor NRP1 might be involved in the development of tongue cancer and might be useful prognostic markers in this tumour type

Cancer of the tongue in Finland : Incidence, detection, survival and prognostic factors

AbstractA population-based study was conducted to determine the trends in incidence and survival of cancer of the mobile tongue in Finland over the past 40 years. Possible changes in patient and tumour characteristics, early detection and prognostic factors of cancer of the mobile tongue were monitored in a geographically defined area of Northern Finland over the past 20 years. There were 1504 new cases with cancer of the mobile tongue in 1953–1994 in Finland and 105 cases in 1974–1994 in Northern Finland. An increasing trend in incidence of cancer of the mobile tongue was observed over the past 20 years both nationwide and in Northern Finland. The stage distribution of the cancer of the mobile tongue remained very much the same throughout the study period. Despite the increasing incidence rate and unchanged stage distribution of the tumours, the 5-year relative survival rate of cancer of the tongue improved from 40% to 58% in the 40-year study period in Finland.To evaluate the detection of cancer of the tongue, patients’ primary care files were reviewed. It was revealed that the diagnostic skills of the physician/dentist first contacted by the patient had a significant effect on the patient’s prognosis. If the cancer was not detected at the primary visit and no follow-up was scheduled, the delay was often fatally long. The most important factor influencing the referral pattern was the patient’s primary symptom at the initial visit. The more closely the symptom was related to the tongue, the more likely the patient was correctly referred.To recognise aggressively behaving early stage (Stages I-II) cancers of the tongue, various prognostic factors were analysed. It was observed that an old age (65+years) of the patient, a high malignancy score of the tumour and the absence of p53 predicted poor prognosis in early stage carcinomas. Patients with these qualities may require more aggressive initial therapy.Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, for public discussion in the Auditorium I of the Institute of Dentistry (Aapistie 3), on November 17th, 2000, at 12 noon.Abstract A population-based study was conducted to determine the trends in incidence and survival of cancer of the mobile tongue in Finland over the past 40 years. Possible changes in patient and tumour characteristics, early detection and prognostic factors of cancer of the mobile tongue were monitored in a geographically defined area of Northern Finland over the past 20 years. There were 1504 new cases with cancer of the mobile tongue in 1953–1994 in Finland and 105 cases in 1974–1994 in Northern Finland. An increasing trend in incidence of cancer of the mobile tongue was observed over the past 20 years both nationwide and in Northern Finland. The stage distribution of the cancer of the mobile tongue remained very much the same throughout the study period. Despite the increasing incidence rate and unchanged stage distribution of the tumours, the 5-year relative survival rate of cancer of the tongue improved from 40% to 58% in the 40-year study period in Finland. To evaluate the detection of cancer of the tongue, patients’ primary care files were reviewed. It was revealed that the diagnostic skills of the physician/dentist first contacted by the patient had a significant effect on the patient’s prognosis. If the cancer was not detected at the primary visit and no follow-up was scheduled, the delay was often fatally long. The most important factor influencing the referral pattern was the patient’s primary symptom at the initial visit. The more closely the symptom was related to the tongue, the more likely the patient was correctly referred. To recognise aggressively behaving early stage (Stages I-II) cancers of the tongue, various prognostic factors were analysed. It was observed that an old age (65+years) of the patient, a high malignancy score of the tumour and the absence of p53 predicted poor prognosis in early stage carcinomas. Patients with these qualities may require more aggressive initial therapy

Filipinos’ Interest in Oral Cancer

Objective: This study analyzed the health-seeking behavior of Filipinos through relative search volume in Google Trends using oral cancer, mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer as predetermined search terms. Methods: Comma-separated values files containing relative search volumes of search trends pertaining to oral cancer from 2009 to 2019 were assessed. Brown-Forsythe one-way ANOVA was used to measure differences of oral cancer between years and among months. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA measured differences among the searches for mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer through the years. Time series models were fitted and used to forecast search interests. Results: The results revealed that interests in oral cancer were significantly higher in 2019 (43.75±5.5, p<0.05) compared to 2009 (29.0 ± 6.7). In terms of months, searches were higher in February (45.0 ± 6.6) compared to May (24.8 ± 3.4, p=0.015), June (25.3 ± 4.4, p=0.020), and December (26.5 ± 4.0, p=0.038). Search interests for gum cancer and lip cancer remained significantly lower from 2011 to 2019, and tongue cancer from 2016 to 2018 but approximated mouth cancer in 2019. The forecast shows mouth cancer (31.67%), tongue cancer (23.75%), and lip cancer (3.83%) fluctuating through the year, while gum cancer (8%) will remain steady in 2020. Conclusion: Health-seeking behavior through search trends show an increased interest in oral cancer in 2019 and during February. Search interests will fluctuate in 2020, but at the end of the year will decrease for mouth cancer and tongue cancer, will increase for lip cancer, and will remain steady for gum cancer

High relative density of lymphatic vessels predicts poor survival in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Tongue cancer has a poor prognosis due to its early metastasis via lymphatic vessels. The present study aimed at evaluating lymphatic vessel density, relative density of lymphatic vessel, and diameter of lymphatic vessels and its predictive role in tongue cancer. Paraffin-embedded tongue and lymph node specimens (n = 113) were stained immunohistochemically with a polyclonal antibody von Willebrand factor, recognizing blood and lymphatic endothelium and with a monoclonal antibody podoplanin, recognizing lymphatic endothelium. The relative density of lymphatic vessels was counted by dividing the mean number of lymphatic vessels per microscopic field (podoplanin) by the mean number of all vessels (vWf) per microscopic field. The high relative density of lymphatic vessels (aeyen80 %) was associated with poor prognosis in tongue cancer. The relative density of lymphatic vessels predicted poor prognosis in the group of primary tumor size T1-T2 and in the group of non-metastatic cancer. The lymphatic vessel density and diameter of lymphatic vessels were not associated with tongue cancer survival. The relative density of lymphatic vessels might have clinically relevant prognostic impact. Further studies with increased number of patients are needed.Peer reviewe

Purple-bluish tongue is associated with platelet counts, and the recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between purple-bluish tongue and platelet counts, and further to examine their associations with the recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer.MethodsA total of 82 epithelial ovarian cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Cluster analysis was used for grouping patients’ Prgb (Red-R; Green-G; Blue-B; Average percentage of RGB, Prgb) values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed for detecting the diagnostic standard of purple-bluish tongue. χ2 test was used to assess the relationship between purple-bluish tongue and platelet counts, and the recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. The perioperative (preoperative) platelet level was examinedwith tongue image and disease recurrence.ResultsTongue images were classified into two groups basing on Prgb values of images by cluster analysis. The numbers of cases in cluster “1” (normal color tongue) was 16 and cluster “2” (purple-bluish tongue) was 66. Two groups of Prgb values, classified by cluster analysis, were significantly correlated with vision-based tongue color recognition (Kappa = 0.852, P < 0.001). ROC curve showed that the ratio of Pb to Pr had the highest diagnostic value. The sensitivity and the specificity of the ratio of Pb to Pr were 95.3% and 88.9% respectively and the optimal cut-off point was 0.71. Purple-bluish tongue was significantly correlated with increased platelet counts (P < 0.001). Both the increased platelet counts (P = 0.01) and purple-bluish tongue were associated with recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe ratio of Pb to Pr greater than 0.71 could serve as an indicator for purple-bluish tongue diagnosing used in symptom pattern identification in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Purple-bluish tongue, associated with increased platelet counts, was also closely correlated with the recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer

Swallowing after Oral Oncological Treatment: A Five-Year Prospective Study

Background: Swallowing rehabilitation in curative treated patients with oral cancer is still a challenge. Different factors may influence these patients’ swallowing function. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with swallowing function up to 5 years after cancer treatment. Methods: Swallowing duration and frequency of 5 mL water and 15 mL applesauce were measured in 123 patients treated for oral cancer. Mixed model analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Results: Age influenced all measured swallowing outcomes. Assessment moment, gender, tumor location, maximum tongue force, and tactile sensory function of the tongue were associated with both water and applesauce swallowing duration, tumor classification was associated with water swallowing duration, and alcohol consumption was associated with applesauce swallowing duration. Assessment moment, cancer treatment, maximum tongue force, and tactile sensory function of the tongue were associated with water and applesauce swallowing frequency. Conclusion: Patients who are older at diagnosis, women, and patients who regularly consume alcohol before their treatment may have poorer swallow functioning after curative oral cancer treatment. Patients that fit these criteria should have their swallowing evaluated during clinical follow-ups and sent to swallowing therapy when needed. During this therapy, optimizing tongue function needs attention to maintain an optimal swallowing function

The Very First Changes in the Tongue with the Development of Cancer

We describe the case of an elderly man with a 3-month history of pain at the tip of his tongue due to a lingual cancer. The lesion appeared slightly depressed and reddish. Our images show the very first changes in the tongue with the development of cancer. Patients with tongue pain often visit the internal medicine department first, so highlighting this case will help physicians detect lingual cancer quickly