Specific antigen of tumor cell transformed by DNA extracted from SV-40 virus

In the immunofluorescent study it has been revealed that rabbit sera immunized with transformed cells induced by SV-40 DNA, produce circulating antibody capable of re:lcting with intranuclear antigens synthesized by SV-40 complyte virus transforming process, In addition, the result confirmed that SV-40 DNA replicates DNA-containing viruses in the host cell and that also the genome coding for the synthesis of SV-40 tumor antigen is resposible for viral DNA.</p

In silico modeling of oxygen-enhanced MRI of specific ventilation.

Specific ventilation imaging (SVI) proposes that using oxygen-enhanced 1H MRI to capture signal change as subjects alternatively breathe room air and 100% O2 provides an estimate of specific ventilation distribution in the lung. How well this technique measures SV and the effect of currently adopted approaches of the technique on resulting SV measurement is open for further exploration. We investigated (1) How well does imaging a single sagittal lung slice represent whole lung SV? (2) What is the influence of pulmonary venous blood on the measured MRI signal and resultant SVI measure? and (3) How does inclusion of misaligned images affect SVI measurement? In this study, we utilized two patient-based in silico models of ventilation, perfusion, and gas exchange to address these questions for normal healthy lungs. Simulation results from the two healthy young subjects show that imaging a single slice is generally representative of whole lung SV distribution, with a calculated SV gradient within 90% of that calculated for whole lung distributions. Contribution of O2 from the venous circulation results in overestimation of SV at a regional level where major pulmonary veins cross the imaging plane, resulting in a 10% increase in SV gradient for the imaging slice. A worst-case scenario simulation of image misalignment increased the SV gradient by 11.4% for the imaged slice

The theoretical and empirical links between bullying behavior and male sexual violence perpetration

Bullying experiences and male sexual violence (SV) perpetration are major public health problems, and while extant literature suggests that they may share some developmental correlates, there is no established empirical link between being a perpetrator or victim of bullying and SV perpetration in the literature. Nonetheless, some SV prevention programs in the U.S. include bullying prevention components for elementary and middle-school aged children. Research is needed to test the hypothesized links between bullying experiences and SV perpetration to determine whether bullying prevention programs are likely to prevent SV perpetration. The purpose of this paper is to present results from a review of research on each of these topics and to discuss the potential shared and unique risk and protective factors within a social-ecological framework. The paper concludes with suggested directions for future research

Exponential localization of singular vectors in spatiotemporal chaos

In a dynamical system the singular vector (SV) indicates which perturbation will exhibit maximal growth after a time interval $\tau$. We show that in systems with spatiotemporal chaos the SV exponentially localizes in space. Under a suitable transformation, the SV can be described in terms of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with periodic noise. A scaling argument allows us to deduce a universal power law $\tau^{-\gamma}$ for the localization of the SV. Moreover the same exponent $\gamma$ characterizes the finite-$\tau$ deviation of the Lyapunov exponent in excellent agreement with simulations. Our results may help improving existing forecasting techniques.Comment: 5 page

The normalization of sibling violence: Does gender and personal experience of violence influence perceptions of physical assault against siblings?

Despite its pervasive and detrimental nature, sibling violence (SV) remains marginalized as a harmless and inconsequential form of familial aggression. The present study investigates the extent to which perceptions of SV differ from those of other types of interpersonal violence. A total of 605 respondents (197 males, 408 females) read one of four hypothetical physical assault scenarios that varied according to perpetrator–victim relationship type (i.e., sibling vs. dating partner vs. peer vs. stranger) before completing a series of 24 attribution items. Respondents also reported on their own experiences of interpersonal violence during childhood. Exploratory factor analysis reduced 23 attribution items to three internally reliable factors reflecting perceived assault severity, victim culpability, and victim resistance ratings. A 4 × 2 MANCOVA—controlling for respondent age—revealed several significant effects. Overall, males deemed the assault less severe and the victim more culpable than did females. In addition, the sibling assault was deemed less severe compared to assault on either a dating partner or a stranger, with the victim of SV rated just as culpable as the victim of dating, peer, or stranger-perpetrated violence. Finally, respondents with more (frequent) experiences of childhood SV victimization perceived the hypothetical SV assault as being less severe, and victim more culpable, than respondents with no SV victimization. Results are discussed in the context of SV normalization. Methodological limitations and applications for current findings are also outlined

Sexual violence in post-conflict Liberia: survivors and their care.

Using routine data from three clinics offering care to survivors of sexual violence (SV) in Monrovia, Liberia, we describe the characteristics of SV survivors and the pattern of SV and discuss how the current approach could be better adapted to meet survivors' needs. There were 1500 survivors seeking SV care between January 2008 and December 2009. Most survivors were women (98%) and median age was 13 years (Interquartile range: 9-17 years). Sexual aggression occurred during day-to-day activities in 822 (55%) cases and in the survivor's home in 552 (37%) cases. The perpetrator was a known civilian in 1037 (69%) SV events. Only 619 (41%) survivors sought care within 72 h. The current approach could be improved by: effectively addressing the psychosocial needs of child survivors, reaching male survivors, targeting the perpetrators in awareness and advocacy campaigns and reducing delays in seeking care

Extraocular muscle sampled volume in Graves' orbitopathy using 3-T fast spin-echo MRI with iterative decomposition of water and fat sequences

Abstract Background: Current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for measuring extraocular muscle (EOM) volume enlargement are not ideally suited for routine follow-up of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) because the difficulty of segmenting the muscles at the tendon insertion complicates and lengthens the study protocol. Purpose: To measure the EOM sampled volume (SV) and assess its correlation with proptosis. Material and Methods: A total of 37 patients with newly diagnosed GO underwent 3-T MRI scanning with iterative decomposition of water and fat (IDEAL) sequences with and without contrast enhancement. In each patient, the three largest contiguous coronal cross-sectional areas (CSA) on the EOM slices were segmented using a polygon selection tool and then summed to compute the EOM-SV. Proptosis was evaluated with the Hertel index (HI). The relationships between the HI value and EOM-SV and between HI and EOM-CSA were compared and assessed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the univariate regression coefficient. Inter-observer and intra-observer variability were calculated. Results: HI showed a stronger correlation with EOM-SV (P&lt;0.001; r¼0.712, r2¼0.507) than with EOM-CSA (P&lt;0.001; r¼0.645 and r2¼0.329). The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated that the inter-observer agreement was high (0.998). The standard deviation between repeated measurements was 1.9–5.3%. Conclusion: IDEAL sequences allow for the measurement EOM-SV both on non-contrast and contrast-enhanced scans. EOM-SV predicts proptosis more accurately than does EOM-CSA. The measurement of EOM-SV is practical and reproducible. EOM-SV changes of 3.5–8.3% can be assumed to reflect true volume changes

Sibling violence: validating a two-factor model of severity in nonoffender populations

Objective: Despite a recent surge of academic and clinical interest in sibling violence (SV), valid measures of severity have not been psychometrically established using non-offender populations. This study examined the factor-structure of intentional SV severity in a non-forensic sample considered to be not at ‘high-risk’ for violence, using the only existing empirically-driven model of severe SV committed with intent (Khan & Cooke, 2013). The prior model was established in a high-risk for violence, young offender sample (N=111; mean age=14.53) and revealed two underlying factors: ‘SV with weapon use’ and ‘SV without weapon use’. Method: This study examined data from an older, mixed community and student sample (N=899; mean=22.53) to test the factor structure and reliability of the existing severity model. Results: Participants reported a wide range of violent acts against their sibling(s) with aim of injuring them, including weapon use. Using exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses, the prior 2-factor model was empirically supported using this non-correctional population. The new model comprised Factor 1 (potentially lethal SV) and Factor 2 (non-life threatening SV). Conclusion: The generalizability of the original 2-factor model, established using an offender sample, was demonstrated in this non-offender sample designated not at ‘high risk’ for violence