Modelling an End to End Supply Chain system Using Simulation

Within the current uncertain environment industries are predominantly faced with various challenges resulting in greater need for skilled management and adequate technique as well as tools to manage Supply Chains (SC) efficiently. Derived from this observation is the need to develop a generic/reusable modelling framework that would allow firms to analyse their operational performance over time (Mackulak and Lawrence 1998, Beamon and Chen 2001, Petrovic 2001, Lau et al. 2008, Khilwani et al. 2011, Cigollini et al. 2014). However for this to be effectively managed the simulation modelling efforts should be directed towards identifying the scope of the SC and the key processes performed between players. Purpose: The research attempts to analyse trends in the field of supply chain modelling using simulation and provide directions for future research by reviewing existing Operations Research/Operations Management (OR/OM) literature. Structural and operational complexities as well as different business processes within various industries are often limiting factors during modelling efforts. Successively, this calls for the end to end (E2E) SC modelling framework where the generic processes, related policies and techniques could be captured and supported by the powerful capabilities of simulation. Research Approach: Following Mitroff’s (1974) scientific inquiry model and Sargent (2011) this research will adopt simulation methodology and focus on systematic literature review in order to establish generic OR processes and differentiate them from those which are specific to certain industries. The aim of the research is provide a clear and informed overview of the existing literature in the area of supply chain simulation. Therefore through a profound examination of the selected studies a conceptual model will be design based on the selection of the most commonly used SC Processes and simulation techniques used within those processes. The description of individual elements that make up SC processes (Hermann and Pundoor 2006) will be defined using building blocks, which are also known as Process Categories. Findings and Originality: This paper presents an E2E SC simulation conceptual model realised through means of systematic literature review. Practitioners have adopted the term E2E SC while this is not extensively featured within academic literature. The existing SC studies lack generality in regards to capturing the entire SC within one methodological framework, which this study aims to address. Research Impact: A systematic review of the supply chain and simulation literature takes an integrated and holistic assessment of an E2E SC, from market-demand scenarios through order management and planning processes, and on to manufacturing and physical distribution. Thus by providing significant advances in understanding of the theory, methods used and applicability of supply chain simulation, this paper will further develop a body of knowledge within this subject area. Practical Impact: The paper will empower practitioners’ knowledge and understanding of the supply chain processes characteristics that can be modelled using simulation. Moreover it will facilitate a selection of specific data required for the simulation in accordance to the individual needs of the industry

Cross-Sale In Integrated Supply Chain System

In this article, we study two manufacturers, each producing a single substituting product, selling the products through their own centralized distribution channels, and also using each other’s distribution channel at their choice. Distribution channels are also substitutable. Using price competition and a game theoretic approach, we find that the same products can be sold at a higher price in the cross-sale channel than in its own centralized distribution channel.  The first mover in doing a cross-sale doesn’t necessarily enjoy the advantage in terms of higher profit.  Not only manufacturers can charge higher prices for their own and cross-sold product from their competitor, but also cross-sale increases the profits of both manufacturers; and most importantly, cross-sale improves the system’s profit dramatically

Zijm Consortium: Engineering a Sustainable Supply Chain System

In this paper we address one of the current major research areas of the Zijm consortium; engineering sustainable supply chain systems by transforming traditionally linear practices to circular systems. We illustrate this field of research with a case consisting of a network of three firms Willem (W), Hendrik (H), and Maria (M)} and show how the practice of application-oriented state of the art technology transformed their linear relation to the circular Zijm consortium. The work shows that through inspiration and knowledge transfer in the versatile picturesque Twente Region, a group of future generation researchers are shaped

Digital Supply Chain System Model for Quality Assurance in Educational Management in Higher Education According to ASEAN University Network Quality Assurance

The purposes of this research study were design and to evaluate digital supply chain system model for quality assurance in educational management in higher education according to asean university network  quality assurance   private universities.The research procedures were divided into  three  part. The first part was study the related document, The second part was design digital supply chain system model for quality assurance in educational management in higher education according to asean university network  quality assurance   private universities. and the three part was to  evaluate digital supply chain system model.The sample group in this study consisted of fifteen  experts consisted five experts on supply chain , five experts on information technology and five experts on curriculum and instruction. The research findings show that digital supply chain system model for quality assurance in educational management in higher education according to asean university network  quality assurance   private universities comprises seven main components, namely, main components,  suppliers , university  ,finished product ,customers  ,satisfaction and Return. Evaluation results by the 15 experts show the evaluation rating mean of 3.69 with standard deviation of 0.73  that mean digital supply chain system model for quality assurance in educational management in higher education according to asean university network  quality assurance   private universities is appropriate at the high level and can be appropriately applied in actual work setting

Dampening bullwhip effect of order-up-to inventory strategies via an optimal control method

In this paper, we consider the bullwhip effect problem of an Order-Up-To (OUT) inventory strategy for a supply chain system. We firstly establish a new discrete-time dynamical model which is suitable to describe the OUT inventory strategy. Then, we analyze the bullwhip effect for the dynamical model of the supply chain system. We thus transform the bullwhip effect's dampening problem to a discrete-time optimal control problem. By using the Pontryagin's maximum principle, we compute the corresponding optimal control and obtain the optimal manufacturer productivity of goods. Finally, we carry out numerical simulation experiments to show that the devised optimal control strategy is useful to dampen the bullwhip effect which always happens in the supply chain system

Bilateral negotiation in a multi-agent supply chain system

A supply chain is a set of organizations directly linked by flows of services from suppliers to customers. Supply chain activities range from the ordering and receipt of raw materials to the production and distribution of finished goods. Supply chain management is the integration of key activities across a supply chain for the purposes of building competitive infrastructures, synchronizing supply with demand, and leveraging worldwide logistics. This paper addresses the challenges created by supply chain management towards improving long-term performance of companies. It presents a multi-agent supply chain system composed of multiple software agents, each responsible for one or more supply chain activities, and each interacting with other agents in the execution of their responsibilities. Additionally, this paper presents the key features of a negotiation model for software agents. The model handles bilateral multi-issue negotiation and incorporates an alternating offers protocol, a set of logrolling strategies, and a set of negotiation tactics

The applicability of industrial symbiosis praxis to improving the environmental sustainability of supply chains

The environmental impact of supply chains is a complex problem which involves interconnected and interdependent organisations from different industries, sectors and geographical areas. Finding ways of involving the parts of a supply chain system in synergistic relationships aimed at minimising the overall impact of the whole system on the environment is likely to achieve better results than each part trying to do its best in isolation. The adoption of sustainable practices in supply chains is a daunting task. Even when players in the supply system try to be consistent, it is very difficult to do it at a global level. This implies that to integrate sustainability in supply chains it is imperative to understand the mutual relationships among the players in the supply system. Moreover, the ecological paradigm for supply chain management demands extended integration of sustainability values, where responsible management is a key function. To delimit the discussion, the paper will focus upon the food supply chain. The environmental and social consequences of the food industry and its supply chain activities represent a global challenge which requires innovative sustainable practices that are effectively achievable to the organisations involved. The food sector as a whole faces considerable challenges imposed by the limited availability of arable land and natural resources for food production on the one hand, and the continuous increase of food consumption dictated by the exponential growth of populations and livestock on the other hand. In 2008, the Cabinet Office pointed out the pressures of climate change on food production and the impact of food chains on the environment as some of the major challenges which need to be addressed before long. In general, the paper will critically discuss and identify potential links that can integrate cross-industry processes through the application of industrial symbiosis concepts and practices. The managerial implications here addressed will consider how organisations involved in a food supply chain system can get engaged in symbiotic relationships that can potentially improve not only their own environmental sustainability performance, but also the performance of the supply chain system they are part of

Modeling and analyzing a health care supply chain system

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.A Thesis presented on Improving and Redefining the Supply Chain in Healthcare, defining existing problems with current Supply Chain applications, and reviewing current applications and trends in the Supply Chain culture within the Manufacturing Industries and Healthcare Industries. Research of successful applications of new, and improvements to existing supply chain methodologies are presented. The concept of a future Supply Chain Management System, extending the boundaries of conventional Healthcare Supply Chain to include both conventional customer (Healthcare Materiel and Capital Assets Requestors and Distributors) and the nonconventional (the Healthcare Beneficiary), is presented in detail. Final discussions and conclusions of this concept are offered as a review of this concept for the reader of this manuscript

Measuring the Resilience of Supply Chain Systems Using a Survival Model

Disruptions at any stage of a supply chain system can cause mammoth operational and financial losses to a firm. When there is a disruption with a supply chain system, it is highly desired that the system quickly recover. The ability of recovery is, in short, called resilience. This paper proposes a new measure of the resilience of a supply chain system based on the concept of survival and, subsequently, a survival model [Cox proportional hazard (Cox-PH) model]. The survival model represents a time interval or period from the time the system failed to function to the time the system gets back with its function (i.e., recovery). The input to the model is, thus, a failure event; the output from the model is the recovery time. This model has been implemented. There is a case study to illustrate how the model is used to give a quantitative measurement of resilience, in terms of recovery time. © 2014 IEEE.published_or_final_versio