Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS): Measuring Spiritual Well-being in International Contexts

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) is a 20-item measure of self-perceived spiritual health. Developed in the 1980s, it includes 2 subscales with 10 items each. Responses are made on a 6-point continuum from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree with no neutral point; 9 of the items are negatively worded to minimize response biases. The US samples show good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Content validity was established in construction. Expected correlations with religion and spirituality indices, social and psychological mea-sures, and physical functioning and demonstration of expected group differences support criterion validity. Factor analysis commonly shows 2 factors corresponding to the religious and existential dimensions, but 3, 4, and even 5 factors are found in some cultural samples. Together, data show the SWBS is a good indicator of biopsychosocial and spiritual wellness. Gradually, international interest in the SWBS has grown, and the SWBS has been translated into 22 lan-guages to date. Results of translations are broadly consistent with the English-language literature. In general, translations are internally consistent and show good test-retest reliability. In some groups, negatively worded items tend to cluster together regardless of content, suggesting a methods factor for those samples. Among international samples, factor analysis generally results in 2 fac-tors or 2 factors and an additional methods factor. Empirical correlates and group differences found with SWBS translations generally parallel those with the English version

Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS): Measuring Spiritual Well-being in International Contexts

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) is a 20-item measure of self-perceived spiritual health. Developed in the 1980s, it includes 2 subscales with 10 items each. Responses are made on a 6-point continuum from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree with no neutral point; 9 of the items are negatively worded to minimize response biases. The US samples show good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Content validity was established in construction. Expected correlations with religion and spirituality indices, social and psychological measures, and physical functioning and demonstration of expected group differences support criterion validity. Factor analysis commonly shows 2 factors corresponding to the religious and existential dimensions, but 3, 4, and even 5 factors are found in some cultural samples. Together, data show the SWBS is a good indicator of biopsychosocial and spiritual wellness. Gradually, international interest in the SWBS has grown, and the SWBS has been translated into 22 languages to date. Results of translations are broadly consistent with the English-language literature. In general, translations are internally consistent and show good test-retest reliability. In some groups, negatively worded items tend to cluster together regardless of content, suggesting a methods factor for those samples. Among international samples, factor analysis generally results in 2 factors or 2 factors and an additional methods factor. Empirical correlates and group differences found with SWBS translations generally parallel those with the English version

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale is a general indicator of perceived well-being which may be used for the assessment of both individual and congregational spiritual well-being. It provides an overall measure of the perception of spiritual quality of life, as well as subscale scores for Religious and Existential Well-Being. The Religious Well-Being subscale provides a self-assessment of one\u27s relationship with God, while the Existential Well-Being Subscale gives a self-assessment of one\u27s sense of life purpose and life satisfaction

Investigating the Correlation Between Nurses\u27 Spiritual Well-Being and Spiritual Care Perspectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nurses\u27 spiritual well-being (using the JAREL Spiritual-Well Being Scale) and their perspectives of spiritual care (using the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale). Both instruments use Likert-scale ratings. An additional survey obtained general demographic information including an item regarding spirituality in nursing in-service participation. A total of 130 registered nurses (23%) participated in the study. The data was analyzed using SPSS in which a Pearson\u27s r correlation was performed on the JAREL and SSCRS scores. The results were statistically significant for a positive correlation between nurses\u27 spiritual well-being and perspectives of spiritual care (r = 0.43, p \u3c .01) demonstrating that a portion of the nurses\u27 spiritual care perspectives can be attributed to their spiritual well-being. The results underscore the need for academic and post-professional spirituality training for nurses as well as collaboration of the health care team and administrative support

Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Well-Being

Understanding factors that influence spiritual well-being may improve nurses’ spiritual caregiving. This study examined relationships between emotional intelligence (EI) and spiritual well-being (SWB) in undergraduate and graduate nursing students. Using the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), relationships were found between managing emotion and spiritual well-being, and managing emotion and existential well-being. Implications for education and practice are discussed

Money Attitude and Spiritual Well-Being

This study seeks to explore the relationship between money attitude and spiritual wellbeing amongst Chinese youths in Hong Kong. Cross-sectional data (N = 501) were obtained from 249 Chinese university students in 2021 and 252 Chinese university students in 2022, aged between 19–23 years old. The participants were instructed to answer the SpiritualWell-being Questionnaire (SWBQ) to measure their spiritual well-being in the personal-communal, environmental and transcendental domains. The respondents were then asked to complete the Money Attitude Scale (MAS) to assess their attitudes and beliefs regarding money in three dimensions: power-prestige, anxiety and distrust. Results show that a negative correlation exists between the three dimensions of money attitude and the three domains of spiritual well-being. In addition, the power–prestige dimension of money attitude was the most accurate predictor of spiritual well-being. A stepwise regression analysis unveiled that the power-prestige dimension of students’ money attitudes explained 6.2%, 15.4% and 27.6% of the variance in their sense of spiritual well-being across the personal-communal, environmental and transcendental domains, respectively. Adopting healthy perspectives and attitudes towards money are vital for the development of the youths’ (spiritual) well-being. Thus, financial education and knowledge are crucial for adolescents

Relationship Of Spiritual Well-Being To Psychological Well-Being In Bereaved Parents

This descriptive correlational study assessed the perceived spiritual and psychological well-being of bereaved parents. Spiritual well-being was measured by the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB) and psychological well-being was measured by the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) Index. The sample consisted of 30 participants from three bereaved parent support groups located in North Alabama. The research hypothesis stated there would be a positive correlation between spiritual well-being and psychological well-being in bereaved parents. Findings revealed a positive correlation between spiritual well-being and psychological well-being in bereaved parents = .77, p_ = .000). Additional findings revealed men tended to report higher subjective spiritual and psychological well-being than the women subjects. The more time in a support group the higher the psychological well-being and spiritual wellbeing. Time since death of the child correlated positively with spiritual and psychological well-being. In addition, frequency of church attendance was not related to either spiritual or psychological well-being. The recommendations for future research include replication of this study with a larger sample size, continued research involving spiritual well-being, and the development of appropriate spiritual needs assessment tools. The recommendations for nursing practice include encouraging Nurse Clinicians to include spiritual assessments in their plan of care and to recognize that spirituality is not the same as religiosity . In bereavement situations, the Clinician can also inform the client that the impact lessens with the passage of time. The Nurse Clinician should be aware that women tend to report greater spiritual and psychological needs than men

Measuring Spiritual Well-Being In International Contexts

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) is a 20-item measure of self-perceived wellness. Developed in the 1980s, it includes two subscales with 10 items each. Responses are made on a 6-point continuum from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree with no neutral point; 9 of the items are negatively worded to minimize response biases. US samples show good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Content validity was established in construction. Expected correlations with religion and spirituality indices, social and psychological measures, and physical functioning and demonstration of expected group differences support criterion validity. Factor analysis commonly shows 2 factors corresponding to the religious and existential dimensions, but three, four, and even five factors are found in some cultural samples. Together, data show the SWBS is a good indicator of biopsychosocial and spiritual wellness. Gradually international interest in the SWBS has grown and the SWBS has been translated into 22 languages to date. Results of translations are broadly consistent with the English language literature. In general, translations are internally consistent and show good test-retest reliability. In some groups, negatively worded items tend to cluster together regardless of content, suggesting a Methods factor for those samples. Among international samples, factor analysis generally results in 2 factors or 2 factors plus a Methods factor. Empirical correlates and group differences found with SWBS translations generally parallel those with the English version

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) as an indicator of General Well-Being

Developed in the context of the subjective well-being movement in the 1970s, the Spiritual Well -Being Scale (SWBS) has stood the test of time. It was conceived within a theistic tradition and embodied the sense of well-being suggested in Biblical texts. The Old Testament greeting and blessing, shalom, seems to convey well the underlying concept of well-being. In this chapter we explore the empirical support and practical significance of the SWBS as a measure of well-being using the notion of biopsychosocial health as proposed by Engel and adapted by Sulmasy to include a religious/spiritual (R/S) dimension as well. Since the 1980s, thousands of studies have been completed and over 20 translations of the scale have been carried out. This chapter will concentrate on research since publication of Paloutzian, et al. Mr. Rogers used to sing, “Everything grows together because we’re all one piece.” Here our thesis is that everything goes together—biopsychosocial and spiritual— because humans function holistically. The SWBS captures this reality well. As a result, the SWBS functions as an index of well-being, an assessment instrument to identify those whose functioning is impaired, and an index of outcomes for interventions that seek to foster well-being