Analysis of mesures of EU common agricultural policy with the impact on the mountainous ANC areas

Kmetijska pridelava v svetu se vse bolj intenzivira in zato se obdeluje le najboljša kmetijska zemljišča. V Sloveniji imamo za intenzivno pridelavo na voljo le malo kmetijskih zemljišč, saj se jih večina uvršča v OMD območja. Največ jih uvrščamo v gorska območja. Na teh predelih prevladujejo srednje velike družinske kmetije, ki zaradi negospodarnosti kmetovanja to dejavnost opuščajo, s tem pa prihaja do zaraščanja nekdaj obdelanih zemljišč in do izseljevanja ljudi s podeželja v mesta. Kljub temu, da so kmetijam na gorskih območjih namenjena določena neposredna plačila, ki se dodeljujejo glede na naklon in nadmorsko višino obdelovalne površine, se trend opuščanja nadaljuje. To nam pove, da je problem širši in da za opuščanje dejavnosti in izseljevanje ni kriv le mlačen odziv kmetijske politike ampak tudi odziv drugih ministrstev, ki so odgovorna za infrastrukturo, spodbujanje turizma … Za reševanje tega problema bo torej pomembno medresorsko sodelovanje in usklajevanje interesov posameznih ministrstevWorldwide agricultural production gradually intensifies, therefore, only the best agricultural land is cultivated. In Slovenia, there is little agricultural land for intensive cultivation because most of it is classified as ANC area. Most of it is classified as mountainous area. Medium-sized family farms dominate in these areas, abandoning its activities due to the non-economy of farming. This leads to the overgrowing of formerly cultivated land and emigration from the countryside to cities. Despite the fact that farms in mountainous areas are subject to certain direct payments, which are allocated according to the slope and altitude of the cultivated area, the trend of abandonment continues. Therefore, the problem is broader and the abandonment of activities and emigration is not only a lukewarm response from the agricultural policy but also from other ministries responsible for the infrastructure, the promotion of tourism ... Therefore, to solve this problem, it is important that ministries cooperate and coordinate its individual interests

Uspešnost črpanja evropskih sredstev za razvoj podeželja v Sloveniji v obdobju 2003–2009

Skupna kmetijska politika je že več kot štirideset let najpomembnejša skupna evropska politika. Kmetijstvo je edini sektor, ki se v celoti sofinancira iz proračuna EU. Velik delež proračuna EU je namenjen izvajanju skupne kmetijske politike, čeprav se ta delež v zadnjih letih zmanjšuje. Leta 1984 je ta delež predstavljal 77 % vseh sredstev proračuna EU, danes predstavlja 40 %, leta 2013 pa bo samo še približno 33 %. Začetki politike razvoja podeželja v RS segajo v 80. leta prejšnjega stoletja, ko so se začeli izvajati prvi strukturni ukrepi za razvoj podeželja. Večji pomen pa je politika razvoja podeželja dobila leta 1993, ko je bila sprejeta prva strategija razvoja slovenskega kmetijstva. Politika razvoja podeželja v Sloveniji je glede financiranja začela pridobivati pomen šele leta 2003 oziroma šele takrat, ko so se ukrepi politike razvoja podeželja začeli sofinancirati iz proračuna EU. Od leta 2003 so se v Sloveniji izvajali štirje programi razvoja podeželja, ki so bili sofinancirani iz sredstev EU. To so bili program SAPARD, Enotni programski dokument 2004–2006, Program razvoja podeželja 2004–2006 in Program razvoja podeželja 2007–2013. RS je bila pri črpanju sredstev za razvoj podeželja v obdobju 2003–2009 relativno uspešna, še zlasti to velja na področju kmetijsko okoljskih plačil, vendar pa so v trenutno veljavnem programskem obdobju potrebne izboljšave oziroma odprava določenih težav pri posameznih ukrepih

The analysis of land use change in Podravska statistical rigion and in the areas of selected land consolidation project for the period 2002 - 2012

In the graduation thesis we researched alternations of the actual land use in the study areas of Podravska statistical region and in the chosen land consolidation in the period from 2002 till 2012 according to the data acquired from the Ministry of agriculture and environment (MKO). The Ministry of agriculture and environment has being maintained records of the actual use of agricultural and forest land since 2002, however the methodology of capturing the minimal area of land use polygons has been changed, which makes the analyses of land use change difficult. Although data have their deficiencies, this is the only evidence about the existing land use in Slovenia, which is being maintained and updated, and therefore these data are used for different analyses. The analysis of existing land use change was conducted with the software solution ArcGIS, with overlaying of vector layers and with numerical data analyses. The emphasis has been on land use change analyse of agricultural and forest land in the study period. The results are presented with the presentation of changes between different pairs of land use classes. \u

Rural development according to the directives of the EU

In my thesis I present the Community for rural development in the EU in the period between 2007 and 2013 with two major tasks: the Lisbon strategy and the conclusions of the presidence in Göteborg. The former tends mostly to strong economic growth and establishment of new jobs, while the latter focus on the permanent rural development. Then I present other preferential tasks of the Community for the rural development in the EU, e. g.: improvement of the competition of agricultural and forestry sectors, improvement of the environment and the countryside, improvement of the life quality in the countryside areas and stimulation of the diversification. Then I define the programmes for the rural development by means of which the European agricultural fond for the rural development is active in all member countries. I present the content of the programmes, their preparation, agreement and revision. I also show the content of the directives of Agendas 2000, Postdam declaration, pre- approaching programme SAPARD, AEIAR and the Munich declaration of redistribution of land. Then I define the levels of plans for the needs of the countryside designing – The national agricultural development programme, Regional agricultural development programme and the Municipal plan of the agricultural development. Then I describe the development of the countryside in Slovenia. For better understanding I add the geographic and administrative characteristics of Slovenia as well as the environmental condition and economic position of the agriculture and forestry. Then I present the main measures to be taken for the rural development in Slovenia. They relate to the competition, environment, diversification and the quality of life. My thesis ends with the function of the geodesy on the area of complete land policy, including the rural development

European Agricultural Policy and Structural Changes in Agricultural Holdings in Podravje between 2002 – 2012

Namen članka je predstaviti evolucijo evropske kmetijske politike kot odgovor na vedno nove izzive razvoja podeželja. S premoščanjem velikih regionalnih razlik v razvitosti podeželja se je EU pričela institucionalno ukvarjati v osemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja. Spremembe v paradigmi razvoja podeželja v Evropski skupnosti so posledica učinkov deindustrializacije in širitve EU na območje Sredozemlja. Prišlo je do premika od sektorske politike do teritorialne politike, ki vključuje politike različnih gospodarskih sektorjev na nacionalni, regionalni in lokalni ravni. Eksogeni model kmetijske politike, usmerjen na kmetijski sektor in kmete kot nosilce je zamenjal endogeni model. Podeželje se z novo skupno kmetijsko politiko obravnava kot celoviti prostor. Razvojne pobude nastajajo v lokalnem okolju. Prihaja do mreženja idej, ki vključuje politike različnih gospodarskih sektorjev na multiinstitucionalni ravni. Zavedanje in prepoznavanje kmečkih vrednot (rural values), tako ekoloških, kulturnih kot socialnih je glavni motivacijski faktor lokalnih skupnosti pri pripravi razvojnih projektov. V naši raziskavi nas je zanimalo, kako so ti novi pristopi vplivali na strukturne spremembe kmetijskih gospodarstev Podravja. Zajeli smo Podravsko in Koroško statistično regijo (NUTS 3).Rural and agricultural development is one of the priorities of the European Union policy. Rural areas represent the majority of the territory of the member states and are becoming increasingly important from both, the standpoint of healthy food production as well as the habitat, alike. The agriculture in the EU is regulated in accordance with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) which is a system framework for provision of funding for more equal rural and regional development in the enlarged Union. In the context of CAP, Leader programmes were created. Each new version of the programme included new approaches. The awareness of the fact that paying attention to agriculture as an economic sector and using direct subsidies as a means to implement a policy were not sufficient, was the basis for the new development paradigm which, in addition to agriculture, included also the spatial dimension – rural area and multisectoral approach. The new approach is based on the bottom-up endogenous approach. Globalisation and fastgrowing disparities in development at both, national and regional levels, led the OECD to prepare a new rural development paradigm in 2006 which redefined the key subjects at the decision-making level as well as the level of measures aimed at facilitating substantial rural development. Changes previously applied in the production sector served as an example of good practice. Based on the search of ways to overcoming global economic crisis, and the Europa 2020 guidelines, the new CAP reform proposals from 2011 were founded on two pillars. The first one comprises of measures for strengthening competitiveness of the agricultural sector, measures to facilitate innovation and entrepreneurship, whereas the second pillar aims at tackling climate changes, and strives for environment protection, biodiversity, and efforts to maintain and provide new jobs and economic growth in the rural area. Any substantial reduction in agricultural activity in the European Union would contribute to lowering the GDP and loss of jobsin related economic sectors. This pertains mainlytothe agricultural- and food supply chain which depends on the primary agricultural sector as well as to the related non‑food sectors, such as tourism, transport, and the scope of local and public services. The effects of this would reflect in desolation of the space, accelerated depopulationof rural areas, which would result in important environmental and social consequences. Main focus of modern agricultural activity lies on provision of healthy food, self-sufficiency in food, and environmental protection. North-eastern Slovenia is most definitely one of the areas with the highest food production potential, with Podravje and Pomurje whose relief-, climate-and pedology factors are favourable for arable farming and agriculture in general. Conveying the analysis, the focus was on Podravje which corresponds well to two NUTS 3 regions: Koroška SI013 and Podravska SI012 region. Koroška and Podravska regions (hereinafter referred to as Podravje) cover two geographically very different landscapes, namely the Subalpine and sub-Pannonian north-eastern Slovenia. The Subalpine part of Podravje is marked by the hilly relief of Pohorje, the Kozjak with Košenjak, the Strojna and Uršlja gora which, with Peca in the west already make transition into a real Alpine landscape. The results are manifested in relief features but more distinctively in climate- and pedogenetic features. In this area, forest is the predominant type of soil use. Arable areas can be found only in the plain bottoms of the Meža, Mislinja and Drava valleys, and also in some places in the hills where individual farms have been emerging since the Middle Ages due to high-altitude colonisation. The sub-Pannonian part of Podravje comprises of hilly landscapes (Dravinjske gorice, Haloze, Slovenske gorice) and the intermediary alluvial plains (Dravsko polje, Ptujsko polje and Središko polje). In terms of the climate, this is a landscape with a lower level of precipitation and higher temperatures, which is favourable for agriculture and growing some special cultures (viticulture, fruit-growing). It is the sub-Pannonian Slovenia, in addition to Pomurje, which is one of the regions with the highest food-production potential in Slovenia. The fundamental reasons for the retreat of arable land can be identified in building up new areas with service activities (shopping and service centres), building motorways and the associated infrastructure, dispersed individual building and transition of arable areas into overgrowth or forests. Some of the causes for overgrowing arable areas are: unfavourable agricultural policy, abandoning the land due to market conditions and unfavourable age structure of the agricultural population. The positive results of introducing the new common agricultural policy are the changes in average size of agricultural holdings. The number of middle-size and large agricultural holdings is increasing. Introduction of knowledge and new forms of farming helps to improve the quality and the quantity of the products. At the same time, farms are becoming multifunctional and are introducing additional, non-farming activities, which increases their income and affects improvement of living conditions in the rural area. This trend is also shown in the increasing number of farms with known ownership. The crisis in other economic sectors in urban centres affects the migration of population to the rural areas, primarily those with formed infrastructure and good accessibility to urban centres. The conditions vary from one municipality to another. Municipalities which have adapted to changes and were able to take advantage of their human capital as well as their natural resources, experienced fewer negative demographic changes, which also reflected in their respective land use, development and integration between sectors and improved public services. The problems obstructing faster development of Slovenian rural areas are: lack of adequate knowledge, lack of examples of good practice and lack of political will. When it comes to knowledge, the most problematic issue is the insufficient role of geographers and lack of their inclusion in local action groups which are one of the important instruments to implementing the common European agricultural policy

Sustainable development of countryside 2007–2013 in Carinthia

The thesis deals with the rural development program in the period 2007–2013 in case of Carinthia, Slovenia and European Union. Rural development policy in European Union and Slovenia is introduced in the first part. The rural development policy in European Union is influenced by the history of rural development. In the thesis, the most important reforms and conferences which had impact on the development of common agricultural policy in Europe are introduced. The rural development programme 2007–2013 in accordance with three themes from new regulation which concerns development of countryside guides us into three different fields: larger competitiveness of agriculture and forestry, environment and countryside, better life on countryside and diversity of the country economy. In the first part, the rural development program 2007–2013 for Republic of Slovenia is analysed. In the second part of the thesis, the possibility of transfer of the rural development programme on the regional level is presented, the case of Carinthia. The approaches how to include orientation and measures from rural development program in to the regional development program are presented in continuation. Six analyses from the fields of economy, tourism and cultural heritages, developments of human resources, infrastructures, environment protection and spatial development, agriculture, forestry and countryside and development support in the region are introduced as well. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, barriers and opportunities in Carinthia are presented. The vision of the development of countryside in Carinthia region was appointed based on these analyses

Wine growing areas as a special form of settlement in the example of Novo mesto community

In our final thesis we have closely examinated the wine-growing areas of the municipality of Novo mesto. For this purpose we have studied intensively the fundamental European documents, the official state documents and the official documents of the comminity, which dictate the development of agriculture and countryside. Clear maps of the area and photos have also been added to the anlysis. We have not forgot also about the tradition and characteristics in the way of the land managment in this area. The activities of the inhabitants should be in harmony with nature and they should also be ecologically aware. With the present analysis we have tried to help to make the best decision for the develepment of this area. The findigs of the present thesis are intended for land managment of the entire discussed area

Rural development programme of Notranjska region

The main aim of this thesis is to present the rural development programme from Idrijca to Kolpa in the programme period 2007–2013 . In the first part of the thesis, theoretical grounds for rural development are presented. The documents and programmes of EU and the Republic of Slovenia for the area of rural development are also analyzed. With January 1st , 2007, Slovenia has entered the new programme period of Common Agricultural Policy in the EU, which is characterized by positive changes in the development of the countryside, as the EU has assigned almost half of its budget to execution of agricultural policy and rural development. The second part of the thesis presents the geographical characteristics of a region made up of 11 municipalities from Idrijca to Kolpa which are included in the development programme. An extensive part of the thesis is dedicated to further presentation of the Rural development programme on heritage trails from Idrijca to Kolpa with development prospects and a proposition for projects to implement the aforementioned programme. The congruency of the development programme with others programmes and policies is also examined in the thesis. The key component of the development programme is the SWOT analysis of development prospects, which is the basis of further development of the programme. Longterm strategic goals of the programme are: arranging the area into quality work environment, developing natural, cultural and human potentials for higher added value, and achieving better visibility of the area. Besides the development programme, we have also used the Local development strategy of the region on heritage trails from Idrijca to Kolpa, which is a supplemented programme of the aforementioned development programme. A Local action group is established with the intention of developing the countryside and gaining European funds. Various institutions and interested individuals can join this group. Collaboration of the countryside residents in the development programmes is of the essence to accomplishing the goals set and successfully executing the projects planned