Speckle filtering techniques for different quality level of healthy kidney ultrasound images

The increasing reliance of modern medicine on diagnostic techniques such as computerized tomography, histopathology, magnetic resonance imaging, radiology and ultrasound imaging shows the importance of medical images [1]. Ultrasound (US) imaging is an imaging technique that is far the least expensive and most portable comparing to other standard medical imaging modalities. US imaging is a safe technique, easy to use, noninvasive nature and provides real time imaging, hence it is used extensively. But on the downside, ultrasound imaging has a poor resolution of image compared with other medical imaging instrument like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). US has wide spread application as a primary diagnostic aid of obstetrics and gynecology, due to the lack of ionizing radiation or strong magnetic fields. General US imaging applications include soft tissue organ and carotid arter

Transperineal magnetic resonance image targeted prostate biopsy versus transperineal template prostate biopsy in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can be used to guide prostate biopsy by targeting biopsies to areas in the prostate at high risk for cancer. We compared the detection of clinically significant and insignificant cancer by transperineal magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy and transperineal template guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 182 men with a lesion suspicious for cancer on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging underwent transperineal magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy using a cognitive registration technique, followed by systematic transperineal template guided prostate biopsy. The primary outcome was the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer. Clinical significance was defined using maximum cancer core length 4 mm or greater and/or Gleason grade 3 + 4 or greater (University College London definition 2). We secondarily evaluated other commonly used thresholds of clinically significant disease, including maximum cancer core length 6 mm or greater and/or Gleason grade 4 + 3 or greater, maximum cancer core length 3 mm or greater and/or Gleason grade 3 + 4 or greater, and maximum cancer core length 2 or greater mm and/or Gleason grade 3 + 4 or greater. Strategies were statistically compared with the McNemar test. RESULTS: Mean ± SD patient age was 63.3 ± 7.2 years. Median prostate specific antigen was 6.7 ng/ml (IQR 4.7-10.0). Clinically significant cancer was detected by magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy and template guided prostate biopsy in 103 (57%) and 113 of the 182 men (62%) (p = 0.174), and clinically insignificant cancer was detected in 17 (9.3%) and 31 (17.0%), respectively (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Prostate biopsy targeted to suspicious lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has encouraging rates of detection of clinically significant cancer while also decreasing the detection rate of clinically insignificant cancer. This is achieved with fewer biopsy cores than for systematic template guided biopsy. Further prospective, multicenter, comparative trials of the performance of targeting strategies are needed to consider magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy an alternative to conventional systematic biopsy

Trigeminal nerve and pathologies in magnetic resonance imaging : a pictorial review

A variety of conditions may affect the trigeminal nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice when trigeminal nerve pathology is suspected, and this modality plays an essential role in detecting causes. This review illustrates some of the pathological conditions relevant to the trigeminal nerve in magnetic resonance imaging

170 Nanometer Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy

We demonstrate one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the semiconductor GaAs with 170 nanometer slice separation and resolve two regions of reduced nuclear spin polarization density separated by only 500 nanometers. This is achieved by force detection of the magnetic resonance, Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM), in combination with optical pumping to increase the nuclear spin polarization. Optical pumping of the GaAs creates spin polarization up to 12 times larger than the thermal nuclear spin polarization at 5 K and 4 T. The experiment is sensitive to sample volumes containing $\sim 4 \times 10^{11}$ $^{71}$Ga$/\sqrt{Hz}$. These results demonstrate the ability of force-detected magnetic resonance to apply magnetic resonance imaging to semiconductor devices and other nanostructures.Comment: Submitted to J of Magnetic Resonanc

Field-Cycling Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Non peer reviewedPublisher PD