Critical success factors of ERP implementation: A literature review

In nowadays’ competitive business environment, ERP systems have become an important strategic tool. This study provides an overview of current research on ERP systems. Its aim is to identify the main advantages, disadvantages and critical success factors for implementation of ERP systems discussed in the relevant literature. In order to do so, numerous journal papers and conference proceedings have been designated. We started by selecting the papers that analyzes the ERP implementation process and followed by making a selection of papers that discuss the factors on which companies can rely to guarantee the success of the implementation project of the said system. The results show that while some organizations might face difficulties and challenges in implementing ERP systems, many others are already taking advantage and profiting from the benefits the system offers to the firm. The ERP system is conducive to the smooth flow of general functional information, practice across the organization. It also improves supply chain efficiency and reduces lead times. However, companies cannot gain the full benefits of the ERP package without top management support, accurate and precise data, proper business plan, strategy and vision, business process re-engineering, effective project management, user involvement and training, active communication and change management.   Keywords: ERP system, CSF, Implementation, Success, failure JEL Classification: M15, G17, G30 Paper type: Theoretical ResearchIn nowadays’ competitive business environment, ERP systems have become an important strategic tool. This study provides an overview of current research on ERP systems. Its aim is to identify the main advantages, disadvantages and critical success factors for implementation of ERP systems discussed in the relevant literature. In order to do so, numerous journal papers and conference proceedings have been designated. We started by selecting the papers that analyzes the ERP implementation process and followed by making a selection of papers that discuss the factors on which companies can rely to guarantee the success of the implementation project of the said system. The results show that while some organizations might face difficulties and challenges in implementing ERP systems, many others are already taking advantage and profiting from the benefits the system offers to the firm. The ERP system is conducive to the smooth flow of general functional information, practice across the organization. It also improves supply chain efficiency and reduces lead times. However, companies cannot gain the full benefits of the ERP package without top management support, accurate and precise data, proper business plan, strategy and vision, business process re-engineering, effective project management, user involvement and training, active communication and change management.   Keywords: ERP system, CSF, Implementation, Success, failure JEL Classification: M15, G17, G30 Paper type: Theoretical Researc

The Interplay Between ICT, Participatory Governance, and Sustainable Development: A theoretical overview

The relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT), participatory governance, and sustainable development has become increasingly important in the contemporary world. It is important to discuss it because these concepts are all critical for achieving sustainable development goals. Sustainable development involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, and it requires a holistic approach that addresses economic, social, and environmental factors. This theoretical article investigates the complex interplay between Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Participatory Governance, and Sustainable Development. In order to explore this relationship, the article draws on a review of existing theoretical models and empirical studies. The data for this study was collected through a systematic review of existing literature on the topic, including academic articles, policy documents, and reports from international organizations. Additionally, the article explores the different ways in which multiple countries have realized this relationship, including case studies of the implementation of these concepts. The article draws on a range of studies that have been conducted to investigate the relationship between ICT, Participatory Governance, and Sustainable Development, providing insights into the various challenges and opportunities that arise in this context. The results of the study suggest that there is a need for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between these concepts, and for a holistic approach to their implementation in order to achieve sustainable development goals. The study also highlights the importance of considering the local context and the unique challenges and opportunities of each situation when designing projects and initiatives that incorporate these concepts. Ultimately, the article argues that while there are challenges associated with the implementation of ICT, Participatory Governance, and Sustainable Development, there is a strong case for their continued use in future projects and initiatives aimed at achieving sustainable development goals. Keywords: ICT, Participatory governance, Sustainable development, Access to information, Citizen engagement JEL Classification: I28, L78, L88, O15, O33, O38 Paper type: Theoretical ResearchLa relation entre les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC), la gouvernance participative et le développement durable est devenue de plus en plus importante dans le monde contemporain. Il est important d'en discuter car ces concepts sont tous essentiels pour atteindre les objectifs de développement durable. Ce dernier consiste à répondre aux besoins du présent sans compromettre la capacité des générations futures à satisfaire leurs propres besoins. Il nécessite une approche holistique qui tient compte des facteurs économiques, sociaux et environnementaux. Cet article théorique étudie l'interaction complexe entre les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC), la gouvernance participative et le développement durable. Afin d'explorer cette relation, l'article s'appuie sur une revue des modèles théoriques et des études empiriques existants. Les données de cette étude ont été collectées grâce à un examen systématique de la littérature existante sur le sujet, y compris des articles universitaires, des documents politiques et des rapports d'organisations internationales. En outre, l'article explore les différentes façons dont plusieurs pays ont réalisé cette relation, y compris des études de cas sur la mise en œuvre de ces concepts. L'article s'appuie sur une série d'études qui ont été menées pour examiner la relation entre les TIC, la gouvernance participative et le développement durable, donnant un aperçu des différents défis et opportunités qui se présentent dans ce contexte. Les résultats de l'étude suggèrent qu'il est nécessaire d'avoir une compréhension plus nuancée de la relation entre ces concepts et d'adopter une approche holistique de leur mise en œuvre afin d'atteindre les objectifs de développement durable. L'étude souligne également l'importance de tenir compte du contexte local et des défis et opportunités propres à chaque situation lors de la conception de projets et d'initiatives qui intègrent ces concepts. En fin de compte, l'article soutient que, malgré les défis associés à la mise en œuvre des TIC, de la gouvernance participative et du développement durable, il existe de solides arguments en faveur de leur utilisation continue dans les projets et initiatives futurs visant à atteindre les objectifs de développement durable. Mots clés : TIC, gouvernance participative, développement durable, accès à l'information, engagement des citoyens Classification JEL : I28, L78, L88, O15, O33, O38 Type d'article : Recherche théoriqu

Digitalization and New Public Management

The emergence of well-being and quality of life concepts in the workplace is driving significant changes in the public sector. This shift is characterized by the adoption of new labor standards that prioritize the holistic well-being of employees. This transformative approach is often referred to as "transformational management," and it aims to enhance the involvement of various strategic actors within the organization, as noted by Jacobsen in 2017. This transformation in the public sector reflects a broader evolution in the way work is structured, leadership is exercised, and organizational processes are managed. One of the key frameworks underpinning this transformation is the concept of "New Public Management" (NPM). NPM represents a set of principles and practices that seek to make public organizations more efficient, accountable, and responsive to the needs of citizens. It emphasizes results-oriented management, decentralization of authority, and a focus on customer satisfaction. Moreover, digitalization plays a pivotal role in this ongoing transformation. The integration of digital technologies and data-driven approaches into public administration processes is reshaping the way services are delivered and decisions are made. It enhances efficiency, transparency, and accessibility for both employees and citizens. Numerous studies have delved into the conceptual foundations and justifications for these changes introduced by NPM and digitalization in the public sector. These studies help provide a deeper understanding of how these frameworks can lead to improved public services, more engaged employees, and ultimately contribute to the well-being and quality of life of both the workforce and the citizens they serve. As the public sector continues to adapt to evolving demands and expectations, this research becomes increasingly valuable in shaping the future of public administration. In our article, we opted for the wealth of conceptual literature. Through in-depth essays, we explore the complex nuances of abstract ideas that shape our thinking.   Keywords: Digitalization – New public management – public administration. Classification JEL: H111 Paper type: Theoretical Research  L’émergence des concepts de bien-être et de qualité de vie au travail entraîne des changements importants dans le secteur public. Ce changement se caractérise par l’adoption de nouvelles normes du travail qui donnent la priorité au bien-être holistique des salariés. Cette approche transformatrice est souvent appelée « management transformationnel » et vise à renforcer l'implication des différents acteurs stratégiques au sein de l'organisation, comme le notait Jacobsen en 2017. Cette transformation dans le secteur public reflète une évolution plus large dans la façon dont le travail est structuré, le leadership est exercé et les processus organisationnels sont gérés. L'un des cadres clés qui sous-tendent cette transformation est le concept de « nouveau management public » (NPM). Le NMP représente un ensemble de principes et de pratiques visant à rendre les organisations publiques plus efficaces, plus responsables et plus réactives aux besoins des citoyens. Il met l'accent sur une gestion axée sur les résultats, la décentralisation de l'autorité et l'accent mis sur la satisfaction du client. De plus, la numérisation joue un rôle central dans cette transformation en cours. L’intégration des technologies numériques et des approches basées sur les données dans les processus de l’administration publique remodèle la manière dont les services sont fournis et les décisions sont prises. Il améliore l’efficacité, la transparence et l’accessibilité tant pour les employés que pour les citoyens. De nombreuses études se sont penchées sur les fondements conceptuels et les justifications de ces changements introduits par le NMP et la numérisation dans le secteur public. Ces études aident à mieux comprendre comment ces cadres peuvent conduire à des services publics améliorés, à des employés plus engagés et, en fin de compte, contribuer au bien-être et à la qualité de vie de la main-d'œuvre et des citoyens qu'ils servent. À mesure que le secteur public continue de s’adapter à l’évolution des demandes et des attentes, ces recherches deviennent de plus en plus utiles pour façonner l’avenir de l’administration publique. Dans notre article, nous avons opté pour la richesse de la littérature conceptuelle. À travers des essais approfondis, nous explorons les nuances complexes des idées abstraites qui façonnent notre réflexion.   Mots clés : digitalisation – Nouveau management public – administration publique. Classification JEL: H111 Paper type: Theoretical Researc

The organization of the territory in network and dynamic territorial attractiveness of companies: Case of the region of Rabat-Salé-Kenitra

Today, with globalization, territories are open systems embedded in a highly competitive world. In this context of competitiveness, the territory, as a support for public action, plays a crucial role in the formation of its attractiveness of companies. In this sense, public action contributes to the formation of a territorial offer in an implant market, considered to be the place of confrontation between a demand for services and goods formulated by investors and an offer aimed at the attractiveness and anchoring of companies. Through this research, we aim to understand the role of networking actors in the formation of the territorial attractiveness of companies. The aim is to show that, beyond the economic and financial factors, the networking of the various actors allows the development of territorial attractiveness. To do this, we chose the Rabat Salé Kenitra region in Morocco as our fields of investigation. As the objective of the research is explanatory, the methodological approach adopted is qualitative in nature. We collected primary data from 15 semi-directing interviews with stakeholders involved in the formation of the territorial attractiveness of companies. The choice of actors was made on the basis of a generalized rule of determining the boundaries of networks, proposed by Doreian and Woodard (1994). The completion of our study allowed us to highlight that spatial proximity, territorial specialization, institutional and structural social capital and symbolic attachment to the territory favor the networking of actors and hence the development of the territorial attractiveness of companies. Today, with globalization, territories are open systems embedded in a highly competitive world. In this context of competitiveness, the territory, as a support for public action, plays a crucial role in the formation of its attractiveness of companies. In this sense, public action contributes to the formation of a territorial offer in an implant market, considered to be the place of confrontation between a demand for services and goods formulated by investors and an offer aimed at the attractiveness and anchoring of companies. Through this research, we aim to understand the role of networking actors in the formation of the territorial attractiveness of companies. The aim is to show that, beyond the economic and financial factors, the networking of the various actors allows the development of territorial attractiveness. To do this, we chose the Rabat Salé Kenitra region in Morocco as our fields of investigation. As the objective of the research is explanatory, the methodological approach adopted is qualitative in nature. We collected primary data from 15 semi-directing interviews with stakeholders involved in the formation of the territorial attractiveness of companies. The choice of actors was made on the basis of a generalized rule of determining the boundaries of networks, proposed by Doreian and Woodard (1994). The completion of our study allowed us to highlight that spatial proximity, territorial specialization, institutional and structural social capital and symbolic attachment to the territory favor the networking of actors and hence the development of the territorial attractiveness of companies.&nbsp

Dynamisme des Politiques Economiques pour Parvenir à la Stabilité Economique : Evidence de la Côte d'Ivoire

After more than a decade of wandering, linked to successive socio-political instabilities, the institutional environment in Côte d'Ivoire is more or less favorable to the proper functioning of the economy. Indeed, these numerous crises have caused a deterioration in the business climate, pushing foreign investors to other more stable sub-regional economies. Since April 2011, the state has embarked on the implementation of economic policies that can improve the dynamism of the economy in order to initiate the development process. This study analyzes the dynamism of economic policy instruments on economic growth in Côte d'Ivoire. The analysis of the cointegration between the variables in our study shows the existence of a cointegration relationship. This justifies the choice of an autoregressive vector model with a lag. Through annual data covering the period 1987 to 2020, the results of our estimates show that a high tax rate would lead to a drop in the level of economic activity. This means that taxation has a distorting effect on economic activity because it promotes tax uninviting behavior such as tax evasion and tax evasion. Likewise, a high unemployment rate would lead to a considerable drop in economic growth. Conversely, increased government spending and controlled inflation would benefit the economy. It emerges from all of the above that intervention through the stimulus policy based on increased spending on education and health is necessary to stimulate the process of economic growth.     JEL Classification: E4, E62, O23 Paper type: Empirical researchAprès plus d’une décennie d’errance, liée aux successives instabilités sociopolitiques, l’environnement institutionnel en Côte d’Ivoire est plus ou moins favorable au bon fonctionnement de l’économie. En effet ses nombreuses crises, ont engendré une détérioration du climat des affaires poussant les investisseurs étrangers vers d’autres économies sous régionale plus stable. Depuis avril 2011, l’État s’est lancé dans la mise en place des politiques économiques pouvant améliorer le dynamisme de l’économie afin d’amorcer le processus de développement. Cette étude analyse le dynamisme des instruments des politiques économiques sur la croissance économique en Côte d’Ivoire. L’analyse de la cointégration entre les variables de notre étude ne montre aucune existence de relation de cointégration. Ce qui justifie le choix d’un modèle vectoriel autorégressif à un retard. À travers des données annuelles couvrant la période 1987 à 2020, les résultats issus de nos estimations montrent qu’un taux d’imposition élevé conduirait une baisse du niveau de l’activité économique. Cela signifie que la fiscalité a un effet distorsif sur l’activité économique, car elle favorise des comportements d’incivisme fiscal tels que la fraude fiscale et l’évasion fiscale. De même, un taux de chômage élevé engendrerait une baisse considérable de la croissance économique. À l’inverse, une augmentation des dépenses gouvernementales et une inflation contrôlée seraient bénéfiques pour l’économie. Il ressort de tout ce qui précède que l’intervention par la politique de relance basée sur l’augmentation des dépenses d’éducation et de santé est nécessaire pour stimuler le processus de croissance économique.   Classification JEL : E4, E62, O23 Type de l’article : Recherche empiriqu

Les Facteurs Clés de Succès de l'Externalisation Logistique: Cadre Conceptuel

One of the biggest emerging sectors in economics is logistics outsourcing. The number of outsourcing organizations and logistics service providers has exploded, resulting in a fierce competition. Both outsourcing firms and service providers faced profound challenges in their outsourcing endeavors. To take full advantage of the outsourcing potential, outsourcing organizations require a deeper awareness of the success and failure elements, as well as the risks that go along with them. On a financial, organizational, and operational level, the benefits of outsourcing logistics activities are diverse and complex. However, it is equally true that it conceals considerable dangers that businesses must consider before making a decision. Indeed, this decision-making causes significant long-term organizational and structural changes to the company that makes it, and even if resumption of operations is still possible, the corporation will have to pay very expensive "reintegration costs". This requires making in-depth research into the suitability of this strategy as well as the circumstances for its success prior to making a decision in order to get a good return on investment. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of logistics outsourcing by identifying the factors that influence the success and performance, drawing on transaction and resource cost theory and other empirical studies.     JEL Classification: D21, L21, L25, P17 Paper type: Theoretical ResearchL'externalisation de la logistique est l'un des plus grands secteurs émergents de l'économie. Le nombre de prestataires de services logistiques a explosé, entraînant une forte concurrence. Les entreprises qui externalisent ces activités logistiques et les prestataires de service logistique ont dû faire face à des challenges dans leurs projets d'externalisation. Pour tirer profit du potentiel de l'externalisation, les entreprises qui externalisent ces activités logistiques doivent être conscientes des facteurs de succès et d'échec, ainsi que des risques qui les accompagnent. Sur le plan financier, organisationnel et opérationnel, les avantages de l’externalisation des activités logistiques sont diversifiés et complexes. Cependant, il est tout aussi vrai qu’elle cache des dangers considérables que les entreprises doivent prendre en considération avant de prendre une décision. En effet, cette prise de décision provoque d’importants changements organisationnels et structurels à long terme pour l’entreprise qui le fait, et même si la reprise des opérations est encore possible, la société devra payer des "coûts de réintégration très coûteux". Pour ce faire, il faut effectuer des recherches approfondies sur la pertinence de cette stratégie et sur les circonstances de son succès avant de prendre une décision afin d’obtenir un bon rendement du capital investi. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cet article est de fournir un aperçu général de l’externalisation logistique en identifiant les facteurs qui influencent le succès et la performance, en s’appuyant sur la théorie des coûts de transaction et des ressources et d’autres études empiriques.     Classification JEL: D21, L21, L25, P17 Type de papier: Article Théoriqu

Santé et sécurité : une voie à suivre pour l'engagement des employés, une application à des entreprises de construction sélectionnées à Bamenda, au Cameroun

The study seeks to investigate the relationship between health and safety and the commitment of employees of selected construction companies in Bamenda and to verify if health measure is a moderating variable of the relationship between safety measures and commitment. To attain this objective, data was collected through a questionnaire administered to employees of selected construction companies in the town of Bamenda on a sample size of 203. The data obtained was analysed with versions 20.0 of SPSS. We use the structural equation modelling to test our hypothesis. Our results reveal that health measures have a positive and significant relationship with affective and continuance commitment, and has no significant relationship with normative commitment. Again, our results reveal that safety measures have a significant and positive relationship with the affective, continuance and normative commitment of employees for their organisations, and we also found that health measures mediate the relationship between safety measures and the commitment of employees. From these results we recommend that owners of construction companies in Bamenda should ameliorate the health and safety measures so as to keep their employees committed to the organisation.   JEL Classification: M12, M19, M54 Paper type: Empirical researchL'étude vise à étudier la relation entre la santé et la sécurité et l'engagement des employés des entreprises de construction sélectionnées à Bamenda et à vérifier si la mesure de la santé est une variable modératrice de la relation entre les mesures de sécurité et l'engagement. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des données ont été recueillies au moyen d'un questionnaire administré aux employés des entreprises de construction sélectionnées dans la ville de Bamenda sur une taille d'échantillon de 203. Les données obtenues ont été analysées avec les versions 20.0 de SPSS. Nous utilisons la modélisation par équation structurelle pour tester nos hypothèses. Nos résultats révèlent que les mesures de santé ont une relation positive et significative avec l'engagement affectif et de l'engagement continue, et n'ont pas de relation significative avec l'engagement normatif. Encore une fois, nos résultats révèlent que les mesures de sécurité ont une relation significative et positive avec l'engagement affectif, continu et normatif des employés pour leurs organisations, et nous avons également constaté que les mesures de santé médiatisent la relation entre les mesures de sécurité et l'engagement des employés. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous recommandons aux propriétaires d'entreprises de construction à Bamenda d'améliorer les mesures de santé et de sécurité afin de maintenir l'engagement de leurs employés envers l'organisation   Classement JEL: M12, M19, M54 Type de papier: Recherche empiriqu

The influence of the financial crisis on the Moroccan economy

Overall GDP growth in Morocco slowed from 5.8% in 2008 to 1.5% in 2009, and then picked up slightly to 3.2% in 2010. However, the pace of recovery remains weak. Real GDP growth was just over 3% in both 2011 and 2012 and is expected to remain around the same level in 2013. The pace of growth has been especially slow in the non-agricultural sector where GDP declined by 1.9% in 2009. By sector, the contraction was primarily driven by reductions in investment in construction and a slowdown in activity in the service sector. As a result, employment in the non-agricultural sector fell by over 1 million during the financial crisis period, while unemployment increased from 7.6 in 2008 to 11.2% in 2010 and has remained above 10% since then. Meanwhile, Morocco's economy has suffered from many structural weaknesses that have held back its long-term development. These include a heavily statist industrial policy and a lack of financial sector reforms. Corruption has also taken a heavy toll on the economy, with the average household paying an estimated 650 per year in bribes. The country also continues to face significant challenges in addressing unemployment and social inequality, which are likely to continue to constrain economic growth in the years to come. In this article, we have tried to assess and examine the financial crisis and the economy at the national level through statistics. This paper aims to discuss the influence of the financial crisis on the Moroccan economy to stimulate knowledge development in the economic sector. It is based on an overview of the relevant literature on financial problems and their impact on the Moroccan economy with a perspective vision. The recommended research areas aim to advance the knowledge base to help the Moroccan economic sector recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and the financial crisis, by proposing recommendations and ways of improvement to reverse the harmful effects of the crisis. The proposed research areas should provide actionable information to promote the development and sustainability of the economic sector.   Keywords: economy, financial crisis, pandemic, economic growth, crisis, Brexit, GPD, COVID-19 JEL Classification: G01 Paper type: Theoretical ResearchOverall GDP growth in Morocco slowed from 5.8% in 2008 to 1.5% in 2009, and then picked up slightly to 3.2% in 2010. However, the pace of recovery remains weak. Real GDP growth was just over 3% in both 2011 and 2012 and is expected to remain around the same level in 2013. The pace of growth has been especially slow in the non-agricultural sector where GDP declined by 1.9% in 2009. By sector, the contraction was primarily driven by reductions in investment in construction and a slowdown in activity in the service sector. As a result, employment in the non-agricultural sector fell by over 1 million during the financial crisis period, while unemployment increased from 7.6 in 2008 to 11.2% in 2010 and has remained above 10% since then. Meanwhile, Morocco's economy has suffered from many structural weaknesses that have held back its long-term development. These include a heavily statist industrial policy and a lack of financial sector reforms. Corruption has also taken a heavy toll on the economy, with the average household paying an estimated 650 per year in bribes. The country also continues to face significant challenges in addressing unemployment and social inequality, which are likely to continue to constrain economic growth in the years to come. In this article, we have tried to assess and examine the financial crisis and the economy at the national level through statistics. This paper aims to discuss the influence of the financial crisis on the Moroccan economy to stimulate knowledge development in the economic sector. It is based on an overview of the relevant literature on financial problems and their impact on the Moroccan economy with a perspective vision. The recommended research areas aim to advance the knowledge base to help the Moroccan economic sector recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and the financial crisis, by proposing recommendations and ways of improvement to reverse the harmful effects of the crisis. The proposed research areas should provide actionable information to promote the development and sustainability of the economic sector.   Keywords: economy, financial crisis, pandemic, economic growth, crisis, Brexit, GPD, COVID-19 JEL Classification: G01 Paper type: Theoretical Researc

The impact of digitalization on the value creation and the financial performance of companies. A literature review

Since the emergence of the concept of " digitalization " and its adoption by the professional sphere, an eminent need for measurement and control has followed for efficient management of the performance of firms. Digitalization has become increasingly important in today's business world, as it enables organizations to streamline processes, enhance productivity, and improve customer experiences. By leveraging digital technologies, firms can automate routine tasks, reduce errors, and gain insights from large data sets that help them make more informed decisions. Additionally, digitalization promotes collaboration and communication, both internally and externally, making it easier for teams to work together and share information. This, in turn, increases efficiency and reduces the time and costs associated with traditional communication methods. The purpose of this article is based on a critical analysis of scientific papers to identify firstly the main factors, issues, and challenges of digitization as well as the tools and indicators chosen by the literature for performance measurement, secondly to study the theoretical contribution of digitalization to the improvement of business performance. More specifically, we focused our bibliographic research on the use of digital practices and their impact on the financial performance. Overall, this article provides insights into the relationship between digitalization and business performance. It highlights the importance of measuring and monitoring the impact of digital practices on financial performance and the need to consider the context in which these practices are implemented. The results have shown, on the one hand, that digitalization has a positive impact on the financial performance of companies, and on the other hand, in different contexts, that digitalization has a negative impact on financial performance. This multitude of results is mainly due to the change in the context and the measurement variables.   Keywords: digitalization, financial performance, firms, innovation, value creation. JEL Classification: M15 Paper type: Theoretical researchDepuis l'émergence du concept de "digitalisation" et son adoption par la sphère professionnelle, un besoin éminent de mesure et de contrôle s'en est suivi pour une gestion efficace de la performance des entreprises. La digitalisation est devenue de plus en plus importante dans le monde des affaires d'aujourd'hui, car elle permet aux organisations de rationaliser les processus, d'accroître la productivité et d'améliorer l'expérience des clients. En tirant parti des technologies digitales, les entreprises peuvent automatiser les tâches de routine, réduire les erreurs et obtenir des informations à partir de vastes ensembles de données qui les aident à prendre des décisions plus éclairées. En outre, la digitalisation favorise la collaboration et la communication, tant en interne qu'en externe, ce qui permet aux équipes de travailler plus facilement ensemble et de partager des informations. Cela permet d'accroître l'efficacité et de réduire le temps et les coûts associés aux méthodes de communication traditionnelles. L'objectif de cet article est basé sur une analyse critique des articles scientifiques pour identifier d'une part les principaux facteurs, enjeux et défis de la digitalisation ainsi que les outils et indicateurs choisis par la littérature pour la mesure de la performance, d'autre part pour étudier l'apport théorique de la digitalisation à l'amélioration de la performance des entreprises. Plus précisément, nous avons axé notre recherche bibliographique sur l'utilisation des pratiques de digitalisation et leur impact sur la performance financière. Dans l'ensemble, cet article apporte un éclairage sur la relation entre la digitalisation et la performance des entreprises. Il met en évidence l'importance de la mesure et du suivi de l'impact des pratiques digitales sur la performance financière et la nécessité de prendre en compte le contexte dans lequel ces pratiques sont mises en œuvre. Les résultats ont montré, d'une part, la digitalisation a un impact positif sur la performance financière des entreprises, et d'autre part, dans des contextes différents, la digitalisation a un impact négatif sur la performance financière. Cette multitude de résultats est principalement due au changement du contexte et des variables de mesure.   Mots clés : création de valeur, digitalisation, entreprises, innovation, performance financière. JEL Classification : M15 Type de l’article : Article théoriqu

The Contribution of Internal Communication to the Social Performance of the Company: Case of Moroccan SME

This research focuses on the contribution of internal communication, through its various antecedents, on social performance by integrating human skills and entrepreneurial motivation in Morocco. Given the development of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), individual and collective behaviors at work have changed, so we faced difficult communication. The application of human resources management is more requested so that it promotes the acquisition of knowledge, their exploitation, know-how, and creativity everywhere to companies, public and private organizations, indeed this application improves the working conditions and the acquisition of global performance. We have carried out a state of the art on theoretical framework, through which we seek to highlight the contributions of internal communication within the organization on the managerial level. This literature review has allowed us to establish eight hypotheses concerning the delimitation of the concept of internal communication, to determine its purposes and consequently to identify the dimensions of said purposes; with qualitative methodology through its four contributions to the organization, in this case, the commitment, satisfaction, motivation and individual performance that represent a management lever capable of developing a capacity and a performing competence.   Keywords: Internal Communication; Organizational Commitment; Corporate Social Performance; Know-How. JEL Classification: O1. O15. O35 Paper type: Empirical research  This research focuses on the contribution of internal communication, through its various antecedents, on social performance by integrating human skills and entrepreneurial motivation in Morocco. Given the development of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), individual and collective behaviors at work have changed, so we faced difficult communication. The application of human resources management is more requested so that it promotes the acquisition of knowledge, their exploitation, know-how, and creativity everywhere to companies, public and private organizations, indeed this application improves the working conditions and the acquisition of global performance. We have carried out a state of the art on theoretical framework, through which we seek to highlight the contributions of internal communication within the organization on the managerial level. This literature review has allowed us to establish eight hypotheses concerning the delimitation of the concept of internal communication, to determine its purposes and consequently to identify the dimensions of said purposes; with qualitative methodology through its four contributions to the organization, in this case, the commitment, satisfaction, motivation and individual performance that represent a management lever capable of developing a capacity and a performing competence.   Keywords: Internal Communication; Organizational Commitment; Corporate Social Performance; Know-How. JEL Classification: O1. O15. O35 Paper type: Empirical research &nbsp