Elementy psychologii pracy

S\u142owa kluczowe: psychologia pracy; psychologia motywacji; psychologia uczenia si\u119; cz\u142owiek w sytuacji kryzysowej; psychologia i socjologia organizacj

Tre\u15b\u107 przygotowania teoretycznego a struktura czynno\u15bci praktycznych

S\u142owa kluczowe: psychologia uczenia si\u119; psychologia poznawcza; psychologia zachowania; pami\u119\u107; psychologia rozwoj

Cz\u142owiek w sytuacji innowacyjnej

S\u142owa kluczowe: psychologia pracy; psychologia zachowania; cz\u142owiek w sytuacji zmiany \u2013 teoria sytuacji; innowacje; teoria i psychologia decyzji; psychologia motywacj

Attribution Patterns, Attitude and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS on Sexual Behavioural Change Among Students of Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria

Sexual behavioural change is central to HIV/AIDS control programme. This study was carried out among students (n = 603; average age = 18.9) of Covenant University, Nigeria. The study was designed to examine the impact of attribution patterns, attitude and knowledge of HIV/AIDS on sexual behavioural change. Three hypotheses were raised. Regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s r were used to analyze the data. The results show that attribution patterns and attitude towards HIV did not influence sexual behavioural change. In effect, knowledge of HIV was the best predictor of sexual behavioural change of respondents. The study also revealed that there was a significant effect of gender on sexual behavioural change of respondents while there was no significant effect of age. Another result shows that there was a strong correlation between perceived benefits and all the other variables. Fourteen percent (14%) of the respondents are sexually active, 520 or 86% indicated they are not sexually active. Eighty-nine percent (89%) of the respondents do not know of anyone who is HIV positive or died from AIDS while 11% knows someone who is HIV positive or had died from AIDS related complications. This study shows that young people using the perceived benefits variable in the Health Belief Model (HBM) coupled with adequate knowledge of HIV knowledge have the power and ability to change their risky sexual behaviour. Key words: Attribution patterns, Attitude, Knowledge, HIV/AIDS, Students, Young people, Perceived benefits and Sexual behavioural change

The Role of Locus of Control and Feedback on Performance of Primary School Students

This study examined Students' Locus of Control and Teacher Feedback using a 2x3 factorial to measure the performance of thirty-six (36) primary school students utilizing the two locus of control types and three levels of teacher feedback: no feedback, attributional feedback, and progressive feedback. No significant difference was found between the performances of students with the two types of locus of control (t=0.352, P>0.05). Also, no significant difference was found between the students who received attributional feedback and those who did not receive feedback (t=0.38, P>0.05). There was, however, a significant difference in the performance between the students who received progressive feedback and those who did not receive feedback (t=2.09, P0.05). The results obtained from this study suggest that providing progressive feedback might enhance the performance of students. There is need for further studies on the interaction between locus of control and performance enhancement techniques through the use of feedback. Notwithstanding, progressive feedback can be applied to produce improvement in performance

Theory and empiricisn in the understanding of life course development

Uprawiając psychologię rozwoju człowieka i starając się jak najpełniej rozwój ten zrozumieć, warto czasami zadać pytanie o rolę teorii i empirii w budowaniu wiedzy na temat rozwoju człowieka w biegu jego życia. Niniejszy tekst to głos w dyskusji zainicjowanej przez Adama Niemczyńskiego wokół znaczenia teorii rozwoju, a także dominacji empiryzmu w psychologii. Przyjmując, że rozwój to pojęcie teoretyczne, a nie empiryczne, bo z empirii nie wyprowadzimy definicji rozwoju, chcąc gromadzić fakty na temat rozwoju, trzeba oprzeć się na teorii. Trudno zatem przecenić znaczenie teorii i refleksji wokół rozwoju i gromadzonych danych empirycznych, które nabierają znaczenia i sensu w świetle określonej teorii.Doing developmental psychology and trying to understand these processes sometimes we should also ask about the role of theory and empiricism in building knowledge on human development in life span. This text is a part of discussion, initiated by Adam Niemczyński, about the importance of the theory of development, and the dominance of empiricism in psychology. The development is theoretical not empirical concept so gathering facts about it should rely on theory. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of theory and reflection about the development and collected empirical data, which are becoming meaningful in the light of a particular theory

Employee Retention Strategies And Organizational Performance

The study empirically examines the relationship between employee retention strategies and organizational performance. Using a sample size of 120 respondents in a leading beverage establishment in Nigeria, the results shows that organizations with adequate employee retention strategies in form of enhanced and regular monthly Salary package, workers participation in decision-making on issues affecting them, policies that favours job security and provision of incentives that bothers on staff family welfare retains and enhances employee performance. Implication of the results for practice is that any organization that fails to put in place adequate employee retention strategies is not likely to retain competent and motivated workforce in its employment and hence experience frequent labour turnover and poor organizational performanc

The Fear of Growing Old: Lessons from Nigeria

Today, in most developed countries, issues relating to aging and the elderly have continued to command the attention of policy makers. This unfortunately cannot be said for most African Nations like Nigeria which have to grapple with such crucial problems as inflation rates, unemployment, hunger, poverty, insecurity etc. Yet, the population of the elderly is increasing just as the level of hopelessness and misery has gotten to its peak. One can therefore only imagine the consequences of the massive increase in the elderly population, especially as they steadily retire from the labour force. This therefore calls for adequate social resources and programmes to help ameliorate the sufferings of the elderly and provide adequate care for them. With unfavourable policies and programmes of government in different sectors of the economy, most workers are made to retire prematurely from service and consequently age quickly due to the level of neglect experienced by Pensioners who hardly receive their gratuity and pension before they are dead. This has created a lot of destitute amongst the very old in society. Government has not been able to do much with regards to processes of resettlement and rehabilitation of the elderly, especially since most families due to high levels of poverty cannot do much for their old ones. Based on these problems, this paper sets out to examine the fear of growing old and how people should prepare for old age and what the future holds for the aged in Nigeria, most especially the role of the government, private organisations and the families concerne

Core self-evaluations and work-family enrichment: the mediating role of distributive justice perceptions

El objetivo de este estudio fue doble: analizar las relaciones entre la personalidad de los empleados (operacionalizada como núcleo de autoevaluaciones, NAE) y el enriquecimiento trabajo-familia (ETF); y examinar si las percepciones de justicia distributiva desempeñan un rol mediador en tales relaciones. Se realizó una verificación empírica de corte transversal sobre 386 empleados de organizaciones públicas y privadas localizadas en Argentina. Análisis de ecuaciones estructurales indicaros un adecuado ajuste para un modelo de mediación total (S-Bχ2 = 3.18, GFI= .99, CFI= .99, RMSEA= .03), en el que las percepciones de justicia distributiva median las relaciones del NAE con ETF (γ = .13, IC= [-.03; .27]) y con EFT (γ = .09, IC= [-.08; .25]). Se discuten los resultados a la luz de sus implicaciones prácticas. Este estudio proporciona información valiosa para que directivos organizacionales y gerentes de recursos humanos focalicen sus esfuerzos tanto en el desarrollo de los rasgos del NAE, como en la creación de ambientes de trabajo justos.The aim of this study was twofold: to analyze the possible relationships between employees' personality (as measured by core self-evaluations or CSE) and their feelings of work-family enrichment (WFE); and to examine whether distributive justice perceptions act as a mediator in such relationships. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 386 employees in public and private organizations located in Argentina. Structural equation modelling was used to examine two integrative models that combined CSE, distributive justice, and WFE. Results reveal a good fit of the full mediation model (S-Bχ2 = 3.18, GFI= .99, CFI= .99, RMSEA= .03), in which distributive justice perceptions fully mediated the relations between CSE and WFE (γ = .13, IC= [-.03; .27]) and between CSE and FEW (γ = .09, IC= [-.08; .25]). Findings are discussed in the light of its theoretical and practical implications. The study provides valuable information for organizational authorities and HR managers to focus their efforts on both the development of CSE traits and the creation of fair and equitable work environments.Fil: Omar, Alicia Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Salessi, Solana Magalí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: Vaamonde, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: Urteaga Omar, Alicia Florencia. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos; Argentin

A career model under the conditions of change and economic crisis – a comparative study conducted in Poland and Russia

Rozdział z: Functioning of the Local Production Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries and Siberia. Case Studies and Comparative Studies, ed. Mariusz E. Sokołowicz.Currently, the entire space professional functioning of individuals undergoes significant changes. These changes on the one hand have a global character, but on the other hand are strongly determined by local factors. The theoretical aim of this paper is to describe a new career model and to indicate the factors determining its course. Whereas, its practical aim is to explain in what scope these changes have been incorporated in the perception of professional career representatives of generation Y from Poland and Russia.Monograph financed under a contract of execution of the international scientific project within 7th Framework Programme of the European Union, co-financed by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (title: “Functioning of the Local Production Systems in the Conditions of Economic Crisis (Comparative Analysis and Benchmarking for the EU and Beyond”)). Monografia sfinansowana w oparciu o umowę o wykonanie projektu między narodowego w ramach 7. Programu Ramowego UE, współfinansowanego ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (tytuł projektu: „Funkcjonowanie lokalnych systemów produkcyjnych w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego (analiza porównawcza i benchmarking w wybranych krajach UE oraz krajach trzecich”))