Application of Electrical Properties to Differentiate Lard From Tallow and Palm Oil

This study aimed to differentiate lard from tallow and palm oil based on its electrical properties, namely conductance, impedance and capacitance. These properties were measured at spectra frequencies of 4.20 to 5.00 MHz in room temperature (26-27 oC). Statistic multivariate that consist on principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to evaluate the data. The results showed that lard and tallow can be differentiated using whole parameters electrical properties of materials. On the other hand, lard and palm oil can only be differentiated using part of the material electrical properties. Good performance of differentiation process was obtained using PCA model at 4.91 to 4.98 MHz. The first two components of PCA, which was derived from conductance, impedance and capacitance, contributed more than 90% of the total variances. CA showed that lard and tallow are different groups based on the Euclidean distance of each electrical properties. This technique can be potentially developed as an electrical sensor for differentiation lard to tallow and palm oil

Changes of Physico–Chemical Properties of Pig Slurry During Storage

This study was aimed to determine changes of the characteristics of raw pig slurry as liquid organic fertilizer at various storage times. A completely randomized design was used in this research. The treatments were storage times, i.e.: 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Variables observed were loss of the slurry, degree of acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphate (TP), and dissolve reactive phosphate (DRP). The results showed that storage time significantly affected all the observed variables, except the concentration of NO3-N and total phosphate content. The pH, TS, VS, DRP, and losses of slurry lost during storage times increased, while EC, TN, NH3-N, tCOD, and sCOD decreased. Physico-chemical properties of slurry during storage times changed, as a result of organic matter breakdown

Gelatin Properties of Goat Skin Produced by Calcium Hydroxide as Curing Material

Application of strong bases as curing materials has been widely applied in commercial gelatin industries, but the application of weak bases has not been much done. Application of strong bases as a treatment was not economical and assumed to affect human health. Studies were conducted on the properties of goat skin gelatin manufactured using weak base types of Ca(OH)2 and then compared with properties of commercial gelatin. Skins from Bligon goats of 1.5 to 2.5 years old was used as the raw materials and Ca(OH)2 100 g/l as curing materials. The 2x3 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used as a design study. Two curing times (2 and 4 days) and three concentrations (3, 6, 9% v/v) were used as treatments, and commercial gelatin (pure (P) by Merck, food grade (Fg) and pharmacy standards (Ps)) were used as control. Gelatin produced from goat skins using Ca(OH)2 had properties similar to that of commercial gelatin. The heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) contained in goat skin gelatin still meet the INS standards. The optimum production of gelatin has been generated through the application of 4-day curing time at a concentration of 9% (v/v)

Soil Chemical Properties Under Conservation Agriculture and Cereal-Based Cropping System in Eastern Tarai of Nepal

Field experiments were conducted for four years (2014-2017) at five locations namely Salbani, Bhokraha, Simariya, Bhaluwa and Kaptanganj of Sunsari district to assess the changes in soil chemical properties under conservation agriculture (CA)-based practices in two cropping systems namely rice-kidney bean-maize at Salbani and rice-wheat at rest of the locations. In rice-wheat cropping system, there were four treatments: (1) conventional tillage (CT) for rice transplantation and subsequent wheat sowing, (2) conventional tillage rice transplantation followed by zero tillage (ZT) wheat, (3) unpuddled rice transplantation followed by zero tillage wheat, (4) zero tillage in both rice and wheat. Similarly, in rice-kidney bean-maize cropping system, there were four treatments; (1) conventional tillage for rice transplantation and sowing of both kidney bean and maize, (2) conventional tillage rice transplantation followed by zero tillage in both kidney bean and maize, (3) unpuddled rice transplantation followed by zero tillage in both kidney bean and maize, (4) zero tillage in all three crops. Soil samples were taken at initial and every year after rice harvest.The soil samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and soil organic matter.Total nitrogen (N) showed a slightly decreasing trend in the first three years and showed a slight increase at the end of experiment under ZT in all locations. The total N under ZT changed from 0.12 to 0.13%, 0.05 to 0.06%, 0.10 to 0.12%, 0.11 to 0.08% and 0.09 to 0.13% in Salbani, Bhokraha, Simariya, Bhaluwa and Kaptanganj, respectively.  All locations showed the positive values of available potassium; Salbani  revealing considerable change of 64.3 to 78.5 mg/kg in CT while 68.4 to 73.3 mg/kg in ZT condition. The treatment where rice was transplanted in unpuddled condition and zero tilled to wheat, had a mean value of available phosphorus and potassium as 87.3 and 81.9 mg/kg respectively. Soil pH ranged from 4.8 to 7.1 in CT while it was 5.2 to 6.8 in ZT across the locations. The change in soil organic matter in CT of all locations except Salbani was narrower as compared to ZT

Ultraperipheral photoproduction of vector mesons in the nuclear Coulomb field and the size of neutral vector mesons

We point out a significance of ultraperipheral photoproduction of vector mesons in the Coulomb field of nuclei as a means of measuring the radius of the neutral vector meson. This new contribution to the production amplitude is very small compared to the conventional diffractive amplitude, but because of large impact parameters inherent to the ultraperipheral Coulomb mechanism its impact on the diffraction slope is substantial. We predict appreciable and strongly energy dependent increase of the diffraction slope towards very small momentum transfer.The magnitude of the effect is proportional to the mean radius squared of the vector meson and is within the reach of high precision photoproduction experiments, which gives a unique experimental handle on the size of vector mesons

Analysis Of Bakery Properties Of Grain Of New Varieties And Lines Of Wheat Spelts

There were studied technological properties of grain of different varieties and lines of wheat spelt. There were analyzed differences between the quality of bread of flour of the highest sort and wholemeal, demonstrated the topicality of the differentiated approach to technological properties of flour for its production, elucidated the possibility of using wholemeal of wheat spelt for producing bread of the increased biological value.It was experimentally confirmed that a value of gloss of the bread surface and its general assessment is influenced by the protein content in grain. The gluten content influences bread quality parameters a bit less. At the same time, the index of gluten deformation also influences the crust surface, size of pores, general assessment of the bread quality. Its quality is high in all studied samples. The highest general culinary mark is put to bread, obtained from flour of the variety Zorya of Ukraine, LPP 3132, lines NAK34/12-2 and TV 1100.Based on studied of organoleptic, physical-chemical parameters of bread, there was confirmed the possibility of the promising use of wheat spelt grain in the bakery technology for raising the quality of products and widening the assortment

Superconducting and normal-state properties of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor Re6Zr

We systematically investigate the normal and superconducting properties of non-centrosymmetric Re$_{6}$Zr using magnetization, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity measurements. Resistivity measurements indicate Re$_{6}$Zr has poor metallic behavior and is dominated by disorder. Re$_6$Zr undergoes a superconducting transition at $T_{\mathrm{c}} = \left(6.75\pm0.05\right)$ K. Magnetization measurements give a lower critical field, $\mu_{0}H_{\mathrm{c1}} = \left(10.3 \pm 0.1\right)$ mT. The Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model is used to approximate the upper critical field $\mu_{0}H_{\mathrm{c2}} = \left(11.2 \pm 0.2\right)$ T which is close to the Pauli limiting field of 12.35 T and which could indicate singlet-triplet mixing. However, low-temperature specific-heat data suggest that Re$_{6}$Zr is an isotropic, fully gapped s-wave superconductor with enhanced electron-phonon coupling. Unusual flux pinning resulting in a peak effect is observed in the magnetization data, indicating an unconventional vortex state.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 table