Voice intelligibility in satellite mobile communications

An amplitude control technique is reported that equalizes low level phonemes in a satellite narrow band FM voice communication system over channels having low carrier to noise ratios. This method presents at the transmitter equal amplitude phonemes so that the low level phonemes, when they are transmitted over the noisey channel, are above the noise and contribute to output intelligibility. The amplitude control technique provides also for squelching of noise when speech is not being transmitted

Against hearing phonemes - A note on O’Callaghan

Casey O’Callaghan has argued that rather than hearing meanings, we hear phonemes. In this note I argue that valuable though they are in an account of speech perception – depending on how we define ‘hearing’ – phonemes either don’t explain enough or they go too far. So, they are not the right tool for his criticism of the semantic perceptual account (SPA)

THE INFLUENCE OF BAHASA MANDAR TOWARDS STUDENTS’ ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

Pronunciation is one of language elements which plays an important role. By having fluentpronunciation, it makes communication more intelligible. This research analyzes the influenceof Bahasa Mandar towards students’ English pronunciation. It focuses on the sound apects andtheir distribution. The objectives are to find out how BM affects students’ English pronunciation, why the students fail to pronunce certain English sounds, and what phonemes orsounds that students find them difficult to be pronunced. This reasearch is a case study researchand conducted in the second grade of Junior High School 1 Tinambung, West Sulawesi. Thetotal sample is 20 students. The researcher provides 50 words for students to be pronuncedtaken by oxford dictionary and Field Linguistics book. The results show that most students are affected of phonemes that BM has. The students change the sound they do not know into anothersound which exist in BM such as sound [z] into [s]. The students are not able to pronuncedouble consonant phonemes in final position, such as ‘sand’. They are failed in all vowelswhich are not exist in BM, alveolar-plosive sound [t] and [d], trill sound [r], and fricativesound [v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ]