Can feedback from the jumbo-CD market improve off-site surveillance of community banks?

We examine the value of feedback from the jumbo-certificate-of-deposit (CD) market in the off-site surveillance of community banks. Using accounting data, we construct proxies for default premiums on jumbo CDs. Then, we produce rank orderings of community banks -- defined as institutions holding less than $500 million in assets (constant 1999 dollars) -- based on these proxies. Next, we use an econometric surveillance model to generate rank orderings based on the probability of encountering financial distress. Finally, we compare these rank orderings as tools for flagging emerging problems. Our comparisons include eight out-of-sample test windows during the 1990s. We find that feedback from the jumbo-CD market would have added little value in community-bank surveillance during our sample period. Specifically, rank orderings based on output from the econometric model significantly outperformed rank orderings based on jumbo-CD default premiums. More important, the jumbo-CD orderings improved little over a random ordering. Other attempts to extract risk signals from the jumbo-CD data yielded similar results. Taken together, our findings validate current surveillance practices. We conclude by arguing that the robust economic environment of the 1990s probably plays a large role in our results.Community banks ; Bank supervision

Can feedback from the jumbo-CD market improve bank surveillance?

We examine the value of jumbo certificate-of-deposit (CD) signals in bank surveillance. To do so, we first construct proxies for default premiums and deposit runoffs and then rank banks based on these risk proxies. Next, we rank banks based on the output of a logit model typical of the econometric models used in off-site surveillance. Finally, we compare jumbo-CD rankings and surveillance-model rankings as tools for predicting financial distress. Our comparisons include eight out-of-sample test windows during the 1990s. We find that rankings obtained from jumbo-CD data would not have improved on rankings obtained from conventional surveillance tools. More importantly, we find that jumbo-CD rankings would not have improved materially over random rankings of the sample banks. These findings validate current surveillance practices and, when viewed with other recent empirical tests, raise questions about the value of market signals in bank surveillance.Finance ; Banks and banking ; Bank supervision

Jumbo: Origin of the Word and History of the Elephant

JUMBO was an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) whose exact place of origin is unknown. He was collected as a calf in 1861, probably in the French Sudan, south of Lake Chad, and was transferred to the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, France. In 1865 he was taken to the London Zoological Gardens, England, where he was named Jumbo. The origin of the name is also unknown. Most likely it originated from Angola, West Africa ( onjamba = elephant). During 1880-1881 Jumbo showed signs of unreliable temper which paved the way for his sale to the American showman P.T. Barnum in 1882. In the United States, from 1882 to 1885, Jumbo was exhibited by the Barnum and London Circus and was heralded as the towering monarch of his race. Jumbo was indeed large for his age, but his size was certainly exaggerated in print. On September 15, 1885 Jumbo was killed by a locomotive at St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. His mounted skin and skeleton were displayed on tours until 1890. The skeleton was given to the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York, in 1900, and the skin donated to the Barnum collection at Tufts College, Medford, Massachusetts (later Tufts University) where it was destroyed in a fire in 1975. Jumbo Centennial was celebrated in 1985 at St. Thomas, Ontario and a statue was erected just outside of St. Thomas. Jumbo is the type specimen (AMNH 3283) of Elephas africanus rothschildi after Lydekker, 1907. Much mythos developed about Jumbo, most of which centered on his size (especially when P.T. Barnum and his partner, James A. Bailey, would not allow him to be measured); his name lives as a gift to the English language - a synonym for all things gigantic

Famas-NewCon: A generator program for stacking in the reference case

The FAMAS-Newcon project aims at developing new logistic control structures for a containerterminal capable of handling jumbo container ships within 24 hours. In one of the subprojectsstacking aspects is studied. This report describes a generator model in which on the basis of a global description arrival and departure moments of individual containers are generated for a medium term (15 weeks). The global description consists of a specification of the modal split in terms of containers handled by jumbo's, deepsea, shortsea, rail, barge and trucks, next a specification of the number and type of containers transported by an individual jumbo and deepsea and finally a specification of the dwell time. The output of the generator program is a file with the following container information: arrival and departure times,import/export modality and the import/export ship in case that is a deepsea or jumbo. This file serves as the input of a stacking program which is described in a sequel report. The advantage of this construction is that several stacking strategies can be compared with the same arrival and departures of containers.generator program;stacking;logistic control structures

A fragmentation control approach in jumbo frame network

Nowadays, an amazing growth of the Internet has impacted tremendously on the network’s capability; from hundreds to thousands of Gigabits/s in the center of the network as well as at the access, and may soon to see an amazing amount of packets that needs to be processed. In the future, such a remarkable growth, there is an urgent need for an integration of packets of bigger sizes, called Jumbo frames. Jumbo frame is an approach that permits higher utilization as it decrease the amount of packets processed by the core routers while not having any adverse impact on the link utilization of fairness. The one major problem faced by Jumbo frame networks is that network paths are set not to transmit Jumbo frame capable end-to-end. This approach can’t provide a reasonable performance; as in reality, many paths have bigger Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)s and many Internet networking gear do support bigger MTUs and the performance is highly depends on the size of a packet. This process leads to suboptimal throughput and is wasting Internet resources. Therefore, it is advantageous to discover the link MTU in order to avoid fragmentation when dealing with Jumbo frame. This research proposes the use of the MTU discovery method with Jumbo frame and the modified IP fragmentation mechanism which are used with the Jumbo frame network to reduce packet drop and throughput by decreasing the overhead in the network. And also, on how to discover the return effective MTU for Jumbo frame situation. For the purpose of evaluation, network simulator NS-2.28 was set up together with Jumbo frame and the proposed methods. Moreover, to justify the research objectives, the proposed algorithm and technique for MTU discovery with Jumbo frame were compared against the existing MTU handling mechanism and techniques that are found in the literature review using simulation metrics such as packet drop and throughput

ANALISIS KECEPATAN PENGEBORAN ANTARA JUMBO DRILL TIPE AXERA 7 DAN TIPE DD422I PADA AREA DEVELOPMENT DI TAMBANG BAWAH TANAH GBC-KL PT FREEPORT INDONESIA

     PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI) merupakan perusahaan yang memiliki izin usaha pertambangan khusus (IUPK) operasi produksi bijih tembaga dan emas melalui sistem penambangan bawah tanah. Salah satu area penambangan yang berada PTFI adalah tambang bawah tanah Grasberg Block Cave-Kucing Liar (GBC-KL). Sampai saat ini tambang bawah tanah GBC-KL masih terus melakukan kegiatan development. Dalam cycle time tahap development salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu proses drilling dimana alat yang digunakan yakni jumbo drill. Kegiatan pengeboran tersebut bertujuan untuk membuat lubang ledak yang akan digunakan pada proses peledakan nantinya.  PT Freeport Indonesia memiliki beberapa tipe jumbo drill diantaranya yaitu Axera 6, Axera 7, Axera 8, dan tipe baru yaitu DD422i. Penggunaan tipe jumbo drill ini disesuaikan dengan ukuran dan kondisi lubang bukaan yang akan dilakukan pada proses pengeboran. Sehingga dengan adanya jumbo drill tipe baru ini diperlukan analisis terhadap kecepatan pengeboran jumbo drill tipe baru DD422i. Analisis tersebut dapat kita bandingkan terhadap jumbo drill tipe lama khususnya jumbo drill tipe Axera 7 yang memiliki spesifikasi dan ukuran yang mendekati tipe baru DD422i. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kecepatan pengeboran alat jumbo drill tipe Axera 7 dan tipe DD422i. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mendapatkan faktor yang berpengaruh pada kegiatan pengeboran jumbo drill tipe Axera 7 dan tipe DD422i. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode statistik dengan mengelompokkan nilai drill rate jumbo drill tipe Axera 7 dan tipe DD422i yang telah diperoleh berdasarkan kondisi batuan area pengeboran. Kemudian dilakukan dilakukan analisis terkait faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada kegiatan pengeboran tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, diperoleh rata-rata drill rate jumbo drill antara tipe Axera 7 dan DD422i. Pada area good rock diperoleh rata-rata drill rate untuk tipe Axera 7 sebesar 1,58 meter/menit, sedangkan untuk tipe DD422i sebesar 1,63  meter/menit. Pada area fair rock diperoleh rata-rata drill rate untuk tipe Axera 7 sebesar 2,09 meter/menit, sedangkan untuk tipe DD422i sebesar 2,14 meter/menit. Pada area poor rock diperoleh rata-rata drill rate untuk tipe Axera 7 sebesar 2,14  meter/menit, sedangkan untuk tipe DD422i sebesar 2,29 meter/menit. Jumbo drill tipe DD422i cenderung memiliki nilai rata-rata drill rate yang lebih tinggi daripada jumbo drill tipe Axera 7 pada berbagai kondisi batuan. Hubungan Drill Rate dengan Nilai RMR area pengeboran diperoleh persamaan y = -0,0184x + 3,0238. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada kegiatan pengeboran diantaranya yaitu Tipe jumbo drill yang digunakan, kedalaman lubang ledak, kondisi batuan area pengeboran, dan hambatan (delay) yang terjadi

Pengaruh Harga Terhadap Volume Penjualan Lele Jumbo Di Kecamatan Pandrah Kabupaten Bireuen

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh harga terhadap volume penjualan lele jumbo di kecamatan pandrah Kabupaten Bireuen. Penjualan terhadap lele jumbo mengalami kenaikan, walaupun terjadi kenaikan harga namun permintaan dari konsumen untuk bulan-bulan tertentu terjadi peningkatan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa penjualan lele jumbo pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 631 kg dan tahun 2015 sebanyak 667 kg. Naik turunnya penjualan lele jumbo di pengaruhi oleh tingginya selera masyarakat terhadap lele jumbo yang ditawarkan.. Selain itu juga dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendapatan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara harga dengan volume penjualan lele jumbo di kecamatan pandrah Kabupaten Bireuen. Uji keberartian atau signifikansi koefisien model regresi (b), yakni dengan menguji statisik-t, yang bermakna apakah koefisien yang menyatakan adanya pengaruh X terhadap Y terbukti secara data statistik. Jika nilai mutlak dari thitung lebih besar dari nilai ttable untuk signifikansi tertentu (α = 5%), maka Ho ditolak, yang menyatakan ada pengaruh antara varriabel X (Harga) terhadap variabel Y (Volume). Dari pengujian Hipotesis dengan Uji t ditemukan nilai thitung 5,677 dan nilai t tabel 1,714 dengan taraf kesalahan (α = 0,05). Ini berarti nilai thitung › ttabel (5,677 ›1,714). Dengan demikian hipotesis yang diajukan (Ha: thitung › dari ttabel) diterima dan menolak dan Hipotesis ( Ho : thitung ‹ ttabel) yaitu: terdapat pengaruh antara Harga terhadap Volume Penjualan lele jumbo. Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Harga dan Volume Penjualan Lele PENDAHULUANLele jumbo merupakan salah satu produk makanan yang sangat diminati oleh masyarakat, karena memiliki nilai gizi yang sangat tinggi.Untuk meningkatkan volume penjualan, Lele jumbo perlu menetapkan harga jual yang dapat di jangkau oleh masyarakat sehingga kegiatan perdagangan lele jumbo dapat ditingkatkan.Secara nasional USAha perdagangan diarahkan untuk menempatkan pasar-pasar yang strategis, melihat lokasi penjualan yang tepat, meraih konsumen yang lebih banyak serta memberikan pelayanan yang baik guna mencapai target penjualan sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Karena dengan USAha melihat pasar yang strategis merupakan suatu peluang untuk meraih konsumen yang lebih baik guna meminati produk yang dipasarkan.Upaya untuk meningkatkan volume penjualan sesuai dengan target maka perlu dipikirkan kebijakan harga, Untuk itu, kebijaksanaan penetapan harga perlu disesuaikan , agar konsumen mampu menjangkau. Beberapa kombinasi unsur-unsur tersebut yang dirancang untuk mengidentifikasikan barang-barang yang ditawarkan kepada konsumen, mempermudah konsumen untuk mengidentifikasikan produk dagangan yang dibeli, apabila produk yang dipasarkan tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen, maka USAha dagang tidak mampu merangkul konsumen yang banyak

Time is Not a River\u27 The Implications of Mumbo Jumbo\u27s Pendulum Chronology for Coalition Politics

Ismael Reed\u27s 1972 novel, Mumbo Jumbo, proposes a unique chronological theory that requires a multiple-grounded understanding of time. An analysis of what could be called this pendulum chronology leads to a more complete understanding of the novel and has important implications for a coalition of American ethnic studies and other identity-related work in the academy