Memo to Berkshire Hathaway Shareholders Regarding yes Vote on Sustainability Report Resolution

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.ILRF_Berkshire_Hathaway_Memo.pdf: 850 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

International Spillovers and Water Quality in Rivers: Do Countries Free Ride?

Transboundary spillovers may degrade environmental quality if countries free ride. This paper examines the extent of such degradation in water quality in international rivers. Using data from river monitoring stations in the UN's Global Emissions Monitoring System (GEMS), it compares pollution levels in international and domestic rivers. The results suggest that free riding may substantially increase pollution in international rivers, but the estimates are sensitive to the inclusion of country effects.

The Justiciability of International River Disputes: A Study in the Case Method

This paper attempts to more accurately define the doctrine of equitable apportionment governing non-navigable use of international rivers so that practitioners of international law may more easily predict the results of future cases

Evolution Of International Governmental Organisations Concerning Danube River

The international rivers are water courses that separate or cross the territories of several states and which are navigable up to discharging in the sea. The Congress of Vienna (1815) sets forth certain principles of the regime of navigation on European international rivers and the notion of international rivers. The Conference of Berlin (1885) institutes the freedom of navigation on the rivers Congo and Niger. During the Conference of Barcelona (1921) a convention and a by-law were elaborated concerning the regime of navigable ways of international interest

Hyporheic invertebrates as bioindicators of ecological health in temporary rivers: a meta-analysis

Worldwide, many rivers cease flow and dry either naturally or owing to human activities such as water extraction. However, even when surface water is absent, diverse assemblages of aquatic invertebrates inhabit the saturated sediments below the river bed (hyporheic zone). In the absence of surface water or flow, biota of this zone may be sampled as an alternative to surface water-based ecological assessments. The potential of hyporheic invertebrates as ecological indicators of river health, however, is largely unexplored. We analysed hyporheic taxa lists from the international literature on temporary rivers to assess compositional similarity among broad-scale regions and sampling conditions, including the presence or absence of surface waters and flow, and the regional effect of hydrological phase (dry channel, non-flowing waters, surface flow) on richness. We hypothesised that if consistent patterns were found, then effects of human disturbances in temporary rivers may be assessable using hyporheic bioindicators. Assemblages differed geographically and by climate, but hydrological phase did not have a strong effect at the global scale. However, hyporheic assemblage composition within regions varied along a gradient of higher richness during wetter phases

International spillovers and water quality in rivers: Do countries free ride?

Transboundary spillovers may degrade environmental quality if countries free ride. This paper examines the extent of such degradation in water quality in international rivers. Using data from river monitoring stations in the UN's Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS), it compares pollution levels in international and domestic rivers. The results suggest that free riding may substantially increase pollution in international rivers, but the estimates are sensitive to the inclusion of country effects

Borders Across Rivers: Problems with the Creation of Anglo-German Borders Across Gira, Eia, Wuwu, and Waria Rivers, 1884-1909

An international boundary across navigable rivers can naturally create a great potential for international conflict. In New Guinea, the officials of Anglo-German colonial authorities seemed to have overlooked this problem when they first decided to lay down their common boundary in 1885 across Gira, Eia, Wuwu and Waria Rivers at eight parallel on the south latitude. This paper attempts to discuss how the colonial officials of the two very powerful countries at the time (1885-1909) tried to make decisions in such a way to prevent or avoid an international conflict with the navigation of rivers across their common boundaries. It involved the parliamentarians of newly federated Commonwealth of Australia. Wherever the colonial officials laid claims to protect land and people, they also created a lasting problem relating to definition of boundaries that crossed navigable rivers. A good example is the “Anglo-German boundary” which crosses the Gira, Eia, Wuwu, and Waria rivers. When the British colonial officials were pressured by their colonies in Australia, they never considered likely problems in the future if international boundary crossed navigable rivers

Unnamed locations, underspecified regions, and other linguistic phenomena in geographic annotation of water-based locations

This short paper investigates how locations in or close to water masses in topics and documents (e.g. rivers, seas, oceans) are referred to. For this study, 13 topics from the GeoCLEF topics 2005-2008 aiming at documents on rivers, oceans, or sea names were selected and the corresponding relevant documents retrieved and manually annotated. Results of the geographic annotation indicate that i) topics aiming at locations close to water contain a wide variety of spatial relations (indicated by dierent prepositions), ii) unnamed locations can be generated on-the-fly by referring to movable objects (e.g. ships, planes) travelling along a path, iii) underspecied regions are referenced by proximity or distance or directional relations. In addition, several generic expressions (e.g. "in international waters") are frequently used, but refer to different underspecified regions

International trade and pollution in shared resources: A study of international rivers

This paper examines whether trade relationships facilitate resolution of international environmental spillovers. Trade might promote cooperation by providing opportunities for implicit side payments, allowing linkage between nvironmental and trade concessions, providing direct leverage over other countries' production, or instilling a perception of shared goals. Using data from the UN's Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS) on water quality in international rivers, the paper examines the influence of bilateral trade on pollution in rivers that cross international borders. In equations with country fixed effects, the paper finds evidence of lower water pollution in rivers shared between countries with more extensive trade

International Water Law and China’s Management of Its International Rivers

This Article explores China’s management of its international rivers. China has various domestic pieces of legislation, including the Water Law of 2002, to regulate the uses and protection of its international rivers. It is clear that international water law influenced China inasmuch as there are similarities between the 1997 Watercourses Convention and the Water Law of 2002, and even China has recognized the influence of international law in the formation of its Water Law of 2002. This runs contrary to the widespread belief among Western commentators that China generally does not engage in these types of matters with international water law in mind. As evidence, these commentators point to China’s objection to signing the 1997 Watercourses Convention and its refusal to join any river-basin commissions for any of its international rivers. This Article, however, shows how China has been strongly influenced by the international water-law regime and has engaged with other states in the management of its international rivers, albeit with a limited number of states. This Article posits that China can further benefit from en-gaging in international fora when trying to manage its domestic water issues