Regional Identification Methods and Extratropical Dynamical Linkages to Surge Events in the North American Monsoon System

Transient behavior of the North American monsoon allows for episodic northward pulses of atmospheric moisture into the southwestern US. These surge events pose a difficult forecasting issue due to a lack of an accepted means to qualify their occurrence and the ill-defined influence of tropical and extratropical features that enable and drive them. Surge events have often been misidentified because of biases in ground observation site data related to localized influences not associated with surges. In this study, a novel method for the classification of surges is proposed based on their regional, rather than local, signature. This method is shown to be more accurate in detecting surge events related to widespread summertime precipitation events across the Desert Southwest of the US than previously established methods. To further the understanding of mechanisms responsible for surge initiation, this study explored the influence that midlatitude troughs have on surges. Midlatitude troughs were shown to initiate surges that result in widespread precipitation across the southwestern US. Interactions where midlatitude troughs and tropical easterly waves jointly produce surge events were observed to dramatically increase the northward momentum and moisture flux and drive precipitation further north than typically occurs with the North American monsoon system

How to Create VR Popups on Map Points in Experience Builder

Instructions for creating VR popups on Map Points in Experience Builder

A Comparative Investigation Of The Contribution Of Student Government To The Development Of The Characteristics Of Citizenship

THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITION OF TERMS For many years schools have been including student governments as part of the curriculum. For as many years a difference of opinion has existed regarding the relative effectiveness of the organization as a means of preventing behavior disorders and carrying out the main purpose of the school. Until recently the majority of informants viewed student government organizations with disapproval and in many instances denounced them as destructive and contrary to the purposes for which they were organized. The statement most frequently made was that the students get out of hand and think they are supposed to run the school. Hence, a hostility developed between teachers and students that did not exist previously. In recent years psychology and the New Education, have lead the way for the development of favorable attitudes, understandings, appreciation, habits, and skills. Many of the reports show improved relationships, working organizations and desirable participation by both teachers and students

TEACHER INSIGHTS AND FACILITATION OF EQUITABLE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR DIVERSE & ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN SCIENCE CLASSROOMS

The number of diverse students within the American school system Is growing vastly. Researchers predict that language minority students will comprise over 40 percent of elementary and secondary students by 2030 (Thomas. Collier, & National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education, 1997). English language learners are the fastest-growing learner population, with 60% within the last 15years (Breiseth, 2015). However, the school setting does not adequately serve the needs of diverse students and. more so, those that are Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLO), such as ELLs. This study intends to examine how science teachers are creating equitable learning spaces and experiences within their classrooms for English Language learners and other diverse learners. The main research question that was studied is \u27In what ways do science teachers conceptualize equitable learning spaces and experiences within their classrooms for diverse language learners?\u27. The research question was examined through Interviews and focus groups. The significant findings of this study are that teachers play an essential role In creating equitable learning environments. It is challenging and complex for teachers to build these environments for students without the support of equity-focused professional development. Teachers can develop their pedagogical design to exceed Banks\u27 (1998} multicultural approaches past level two through equity-focused professional development. Students are essential, their backgrounds are Important. and their cultural differences are an asset to their learning. In the classroom, students should not feel like the inaccessible curriculum is penalizing them because of their cultural background. We cannot change our backgrounds or ethnicities, and they should not be held against us, especially in school

Phase separation in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate

We study a spin-orbit (SO) coupled hyperfine spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a quasi-one-dimensional trap. For a SO-coupled BEC in a one-dimensional box, we show that in the absence of the Rabi term, any non-zero value of SO coupling will result in a phase separation among the components for a ferromagnetic BEC, like $^{87}$Rb. On the other hand, SO coupling favors miscibility in a polar BEC, like $^{23}$Na. In the presence of a harmonic trap, which favors miscibility, a ferromagnetic BEC phase separates, provided the SO-coupling strength and number of atoms are greater than some critical value. The Rabi term favors miscibility irrespective of the nature of the spin interaction: ferromagnetic or polar

Evolution favors protein mutational robustness in sufficiently large populations

BACKGROUND: An important question is whether evolution favors properties such as mutational robustness or evolvability that do not directly benefit any individual, but can influence the course of future evolution. Functionally similar proteins can differ substantially in their robustness to mutations and capacity to evolve new functions, but it has remained unclear whether any of these differences might be due to evolutionary selection for these properties. RESULTS: Here we use laboratory experiments to demonstrate that evolution favors protein mutational robustness if the evolving population is sufficiently large. We neutrally evolve cytochrome P450 proteins under identical selection pressures and mutation rates in populations of different sizes, and show that proteins from the larger and thus more polymorphic population tend towards higher mutational robustness. Proteins from the larger population also evolve greater stability, a biophysical property that is known to enhance both mutational robustness and evolvability. The excess mutational robustness and stability is well described by existing mathematical theories, and can be quantitatively related to the way that the proteins occupy their neutral network. CONCLUSIONS: Our work is the first experimental demonstration of the general tendency of evolution to favor mutational robustness and protein stability in highly polymorphic populations. We suggest that this phenomenon may contribute to the mutational robustness and evolvability of viruses and bacteria that exist in large populations