Alternative conducted immunity tests

Conducted immunity tests are always performed by the use of CDNs in laboratories in accordance with the standard EN61000-4-6. However, it is not always possible to use CDNs because of some limitations. If the EUT (Equipment Under Test) has large dimensions or high currents, it is not, most of the time, possible to send it to an EMC laboratory or to use CDNs during the test. As a consequence, usage of BCI probes is inevitable in industry. In this paper, we compared the laboratory setup installed with CDNs and alternative setups installed directly on mains without any CDNs in terms of loop impedances and injected loop currents. We also established a link based on the loop impedances and the injected currents on the test loops between the two setups. Finally, a first serious step was taken to establish the fundamentals of alternative conducted immunity tests based on the impedance measurements of test loops for industry.Postprint (published version

Tissue-conducted spatial sound fields

We describe experiments using multiple cranial transducers to achieve auditory spatial perceptual impressions via bone (BC) and tissue conduction (TC), bypassing the peripheral hearing apparatus. This could be useful in cases of peripheral hearing damage or where ear-occlusion is undesirable. Previous work (e.g. Stanley and Walker 2006, MacDonald and Letowski 2006)1,2 indicated robust lateralization is feasible via tissue conduction. We have utilized discrete signals, stereo and first order ambisonics to investigate control of externalization, range, direction in azimuth and elevation, movement and spaciousness. Early results indicate robust and coherent effects. Current technological implementations are presented and potential development paths discussed

Novice Ideas: Handwriting Comparisons Conducted by an Untrained Individual

Forensic analysis of questioned documents includes chemical analyses of paper and ink as well as handwriting comparisons. Several elements affect handwriting analyses, including the presence of discriminatory factors that can individualize a handwriting sample and whether the handwriting has been disguised. Five handwriting samples were gathered from six individuals comprising of one reference, three natural unknowns, and one disguised sample per person. A novice conducted analyses on every collected sample and conducted comparisons of the reference sample to the unknown and disguised samples in an attempt to correctly source the unknown and disguised samples. The novice showed a high level of accuracy in correctly sourcing the natural sample but made erroneous conclusions when analyzing the disguised samples

Conducting interviews about penile cancer: A patient-conducted-interview study

Objectives: Penile cancer is a rare but destructive condition. It has been found to be detrimental to body image, general health and sexual functioning, while increasing anxiety and social problems. The UK now manages penile cancer through specialist multi-disciplinary teams that see at least 25 new patients a year. There is a need to understand patients’ experiences so that treatment can be improved. The aim of this research is to allow patients to participate in the development of a nationwide interview study. Methods: A one-day participative workshop where a range of men diagnosed with penile cancer design and conduct audio and video interviews exploring experiences of treatment within the group. Results: Key themes included the rehabilitation of urinary functioning and strategies for coping with the physical and social impact of treatment. Conclusions: The findings emphasise the importance of day-to-day practicalities for men treated for penile cancer, which can form the basis for larger studies about how to better understand and manage their treatment

Meteorological studies conducted by contract NONR 4071 (00) : final report

During April and August 1963 the Barbados Weather Modification Project made extensive use of whole-sky, time-lapse and conventional photography to investigate cloud and rain formation over tropical heat sources. These observations were made from land-based, ship-borne and aircraft stations. In July 1965 further photographic studies were carried out over the eastern Caribbean Sea to evaluate the effect of seeding cumulus clouds with silver iodide bombs.The Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr-4071 (00

Conducted Improvisation

The purpose of this thesis Conducted Improvisation is to study how a musical sign language can effect creativity, musical interaction and sense of freedom in ensemble playing by analyzing Extemporize, a sign system I have developed, with the further goal to explore the pedagogical potential in this practice. The research questions that drive this study are: In what ways does the sign system effect creativity and playfulness in improvised performance? In what ways does the sign system affect the sense of freedom in ensemble performance? In what ways does the sign system effect musical interaction? The material for the survey has been acquired through video documentation of rehearsals and concerts and interviews with the participants. 15 musicians took part in this study whereof 10 of them were interviewed. The results of the study indicate that sign language is effective in working with improvisation in ensemble and can have an impact on both freedom and constraint, it has the possibility to strengthen the voice of the musicians and push them in other musical directions than normally. But conducted improvisation can also create frustrations in the musicians, especially if the sign system is not rehearsed enough.Formålet med denne afhandling Conducted Improvisation er at undersøge, hvordan et musikalsk tegnsprog kan påvirke kreativitet, musikalsk interaktion og følelse af frihed i sammenspilssituationer ved at analysere Extemporize, et tegnsprog jeg har udarbejdet, med yderligere det formål at udforske det pædagogiske potentiale i denne praksis. Forskningsspørgsmålene, der driver denne undersøgelse er: På hvilke måder påvirker tegnsproget kreativitet og leg i improvisation? På hvilke måder påvirker tegnsproget følelsen af frihed i sammenspilssituationer? Hvilken effekt har tegnsproget på musikalsk interaktion? Materialet til undersøgelsen er erhvervet gennem video dokumentation af øvere og koncerter og interviews med deltagerne. 15 musikere deltog i denne undersøgelse, hvoraf 10 af dem blev interviewet. Resultaterne af undersøgelsen viser, at tegnsproget er effektiv i arbejdet med improvisation i ensemble og kan have en indvirkning på både frihed og tvang, det har mulighed for at styrke musikernes stemmer og skubbe dem i andre musikalske retninger end normalt. Men dirigeret improvisation kan også skabe frustrationer i musikerne, især hvis tegnsproget ikke er øvet nok

Sonar research conducted during the period 1 April - 30 June 1961

This is a progress report of the Institution's research between April and 30 June 1961 supported under Contract NObsr-72521 with the Bureau of Ships, Navy Department. The program consists of studies of compressional wave transmission (sound and seismic waves) through sea water and the underlying earth's crust, the ambient noise of the ocean, and the scattering of sound in the sea and beneath the ocean floor. During the present reporting period sound transmission studies have included laboratory analysis of data taken previously in a continuing program directed toward describing near-surface transmission into the shadow zone, and toward accounting for the variability of near-surface . transmission under nominally "good" sonar conditions . Seismic studies consisted of analysis of seismic refraction data taken two years ago in: the Mediterranean, completion of a report of a seismic reflection study of the southern part of Narragansett Bay, extension of this latter study into Rhode Island Sound, and a series of new measurements of the apparent reflectivity of the bottom at 12 kcps. In the sound-scattering program we accepted delivery of a small towed fish containing sound gear for scattering experiments over near-horizontal paths. This instrument was taken to sea on CHAIN for initial testing and self-noise measurements. A series of tests of new sound sources, supported under Contract Nonr-1367, have demonstrated that seismic reflection observations can be made in deep ocean basins from a ship underway slowly using only such electrically-powered sources as Thumper or Sparker. Sub-bottom structures have been mapped in fine detail experimentally in water over 2600 fathoms deep. This work was done with a Thumper having a 5000-joule electrical input . Plans have been made for increasing the electrical input of Thumper to about 13, 000 joules and Sparker to 25, 000 joules. We plan to use these new sound sources in sound transmission experiments this summer and fall in the Mediterranean Sea. As an extra-curricular hobby Miss Broughton, a technical assistant at the Institution, made interesting magnetic tape recordings of the sounds of a small pilot whale stranded on a local beach. She held microphones on the whale's head near the blow hole. The recorded sounds are rather different from those heard through the water near pilot whales. These and other parts of our work are detailed below.Bureau of Ships Under Contract NObsr-7252

Analysis and evaluation of uncertainty for conducted and radiated emissions tests

Whenever an EMC measurement is made, there are numerous uncertainties in different parts of the measurement system and even in the EMC performance of the equipment under test (EUT) which is being measured. It is important to be able to estimate the overall uncertainty, in particular, the test setup and measurement equipment uncertainty. However, making repetitive measurements can reduce the measurement uncertainty, but often economics of time do not permit that. Therefore, a practical process, which is used to evaluate uncertainty in EMC measurement a, according to the principle of uncertainty and conditions in EMC measurement is presented. In this study, an efficient analysis of uncertainty for both radiated and conducted emissions tests is performed. The uncertainty of each contributor had been calculated and evaluating the reported expanded uncertainty of measurement is stated as the standard uncertainty of measurement. This standard uncertainty is multiplied by the coverage factor k=2, which for a normal distribution corresponds to a coverage probability of approximately 95%. The result of calculating the uncertainty for both conducted and radiated emission tests showed that the overall uncertainty of the system is high and it must be lowered by reducing the expanded uncertainty for the dominant contributors for both tests. In addition, the result of applying the concept of CISPR uncertainty for both conducted and radiated emission tests showed that non-compliance is deemed to occur for both EUT of both tests. This is due to the result that the measured disturbances increased by ( ), above the disturbance limit