Daya Antibakteri Estrak Kulit Dan Biji Buah Pulasan (Nephelium Mutabile) Terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli Secara in Vitro

Traditional medicine from drug crop has more than a pharmacological effect so that its use should be acurate and correct. The mistake in traditional medicine USAge and or drug crop can be dangerous for health. Therefore, it is required a complete scientific information to avoid it. It had been done the research of anti-bacteria activity test from crude extract of ethyl acetate and ethanol from skin and seed of Pulasan to bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with dilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bakterisidal Concentration (MBC). The biggest MIC and MBC was respectively obtained from ethyl acetate extract that was 0,76 mg/ml, and ethanol extract that was 156,13 mg/ml. In general, skin and fruit seed extract of pulasan (Nephelium mutabile) has bigger resistance ones to bacterium Staphylococcus aureus compared to Escherichia coli

Improving Light Fastness of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Natural Dyes

Treatment of natural dyes (sodium copper chlorophyllin and gardenia yellow) dyed cotton fabrics with metal chelating agents and cross-linking it with chitosan are effective ways to improve light fastness properties of the dyed cotton fabrics. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected during the photofading process of the two natural dyes.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Drought, Salinity, and Low Nitrogen Differentially Affect the Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism of Sophora japonica (L.) in a Semi-Hydroponic Phenotyping Platform.ZIP

Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, and nutrient deficiency adversely affect nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation in plants. However, the regulation of N metabolism and N pathway genes in Sophora japonica under abiotic stresses is unclear. Sophora japonica seedlings were subjected to drought (5% polyethylene glycol 6,000), salinity (75mM NaCl), or low N (0.01mM NH4NO3) for 3weeks in a semi-hydroponic phenotyping platform. Salinity and low N negatively affected plant growth, while drought promoted root growth and inhibited aboveground growth. The NH4+/NO3− ratio increased under all three treatments with the exception of a reduction in leaves under salinity. Drought significantly increased leaf NO2− concentrations. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was unaltered or increased under stresses with the exception of a reduction in leaves under salinity. Drought enhanced ammonium assimilation with increased glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity, although glutamine synthetase (GS) activity remained unchanged, whereas salinity and low N inhibited ammonium assimilation with decreased GS activity under salt stress and decreased GOGAT activity under low N treatment. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity also changed dramatically under different stresses. Additionally, expression changes of genes involved in N reduction and assimilation were generally consistent with related enzyme activities. In roots, ammonium transporters, especially SjAMT1.1 and SjAMT2.1a, showed higher transcription under all three stresses; however, most nitrate transporters (NRTs) were upregulated under salinity but unchanged under drought. SjNRT2.4, SjNRT2.5, and SjNRT3.1 were highly induced by low N. These results indicate that N uptake and metabolism processes respond differently to drought, salinity, and low N conditions in S. japonica seedlings, possibly playing key roles in plant resistance to environmental stress.</p

New Photorearrangements of 2-Cyclopentenones. The Genesis and Fate of Cyclopropylcarbinyl Biradical Intermediates

New Photorearrangements of 2-Cyclopentenones. The Genesis and Fate of Cyclopropylcarbinyl Biradical Intermediate

Correlation coefficients between the biomass of the PLFA groups and soil enzyme activities.

<p>a * and **denote significant differences at <i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.01, respectively.</p><p>Correlation coefficients between the biomass of the PLFA groups and soil enzyme activities.</p

Soil enzyme activities from different plantations.

<p>^a SS: pure <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> plantation; SY: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i>; SB: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>; SC: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Robinia pseucdoacacia</i>.</p><p>^b Different letters within columns indicate significant differences at <i>p</i> < 0.05 levels through the LSD test.</p><p>^c Standard deviation.</p><p>Soil enzyme activities from different plantations.</p

PCA of fatty acids from different plantations models.

<p>SS: pure <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> plantation; SY: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i>; SB: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>; SC: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Robinia pseucdoacacia</i>.</p

Correlation coefficients between the biomass of the PLFA groups and soil properties.

<p>^a TOC: total organic carbon; C/N: carbon nitrogen ratio; TN: total nitrogen; TP: total phosphorus; TK: total potassium; NH₄⁺: ammonium content; NO₃⁻: nitrate content; AP: available phosphorus; AK: available potassium.</p><p>^{b *} and **denote significant differences at <i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.01, respectively.</p><p>Correlation coefficients between the biomass of the PLFA groups and soil properties.</p

Soil chemical characteristics in different plantations.

<p>^a SS: pure <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> plantation; SY: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i>; SB: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>; SC: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Robinia pseucdoacacia</i>.</p><p>^b Different letters in the columns indicate significant differences at <i>p</i> < 0.05 levels via the LSD test.</p><p>^c Standard deviation.</p><p>Soil chemical characteristics in different plantations.</p

Soil microbial community structure based on indicator lipids (n·mol g⁻¹ soil) from the four sites.

<p>Soil microbial community structure based on indicator lipids (nmol g⁻¹ soil) from the four sites</p><p>^a SS: pure <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> plantation; SY: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i>; SB: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Platycladus orientalis</i>; SC: mixed plantation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> and <i>Robinia pseucdoacacia</i>.</p><p>^b Total lipid was the sum of the 31 detected fatty acids.</p><p>^c The values were the means of three replicates. Different letters within columns indicate significant differences at <i>p</i> < 0.05 levels through the LSD test.</p><p>^d G⁺ and G⁻ represent gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. G⁺/G⁻ was the ratio of the sum of gram-positive bacteria to the sum of gram-negative bacteria.</p><p>^e Standard deviation.</p><p>Soil microbial community structure based on indicator lipids (n·mol g⁻¹ soil) from the four sites.</p