A putative integration structure diagram of the exogenous gene insertion.

<p>P-rubisco: Daisy Rubisco small subunit promoter; T-rubisco: Daisy Rubisco small subunit terminator; CTS: Daisy Rubisco small subunit chloroplast signal peptide; P-nos: Nos promoter; T-nos: Nos terminator; <i>npt</i> II: neomycin phosphotransferase gene; <i>G2</i>-<i>aroA</i>: 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene. Note: The underline represents the missing bases.</p

Structure of Exogenous Gene Integration and Event-Specific Detection in the Glyphosate-Tolerant Transgenic Cotton Line BG2-7 - Fig 3

<p><b>Amplification results for intraspecific specific qualitative PCR using 5ʹ-F3/5ʹ-R1 (a) and 3ʹ-F6/3ʹ-R12 (b).</b> M: Trans2K^TM DNA marker; 1: ddH₂O; 2: Island cotton 7124; 3: Upland cotton K312; 4: Transgenic cotton BG2-7.</p

PCR amplification of the positive control.

<p>Note: (a) Amplification results for the cotton endogenous reference gene <i>Sad 1</i>; M: 100-bp marker. (b) Amplification results for the cotton exogenous gene <i>G2</i>-<i>aroA</i>; M: Trans2K^TM DNA marker. 1: ddH₂O; 2: Island cotton 7124; 3: Upland cotton K312; 4: Transgenic cotton BG2-7; 5: Plasmid DNA.</p

Sequences of primers used in this study.

<p>Sequences of primers used in this study.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Controlled Synthesis of NixCoyS4/rGO Composites for Constructing High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor.docx

Nickel-cobalt sulfides (NixCoyS4) are promising supercapacitor materials due to their high capacitance, while the sluggish kinetics in terms of charge transfer limits their energy density. To achieve both high energy and power density for the NixCoyS4–based supercapacitor, sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is incorporated into NixCoyS4 by an in situ growth—ion exchange strategy to synthesize NixCoyS4/rGO composites. Profited from the synergetic effect between rGO and NixCoyS4, the Ni1.64Co2.40S4/rGO electrode delivers high specific capacitance of 1,089 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and remains 92.6% of its original capacitance at 20 A g−1 (1,008 F g−1). Asymmetric supercapacitors assembled with active carbon (AC) and Ni1.64Co2.40S4/rGO (Ni1.64Co2.40S4/rGO//AC) offer both high specific capacitance (265.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and superior rate capability at 50 A g−1 (recovering 63.6% of the capacitance determined at 1 A g−1). In addition, the assembled device exhibits a high capacitance retention of 92.6% after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g−1, which implies an excellent cyclic stability. Ragone plot reveals that the energy density of Ni1.64Co2.40S4/rGO//AC asymmetric supercapacitor do not vanish as it delivers 30.4 Wh kg−1 at 10 kW kg−1, demonstrating its promising application.</p

First-Principle Study of a ZnS/Graphene Heterostructure as a Promising Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Properties of ZnS/graphene, such as formation energy of the Li adatom, activation energy for Li diffusion, pseudocapacity-like storage, and density of state (DOS), render ZnS/graphene a suitable anode material for a rechargeable lithium-ion battery. Lithium storage sites, migration paths, electronic conductivity, and storage sequence of lithium ions are clarified. Lithium ions preferentially embed the ZnS/graphene heterostructure interface and the surface of ZnS and then intercalate into the bulk phase of ZnS. In the ZnS bulk, Li ions diffuse by the T–O–T path, and the activation energy diseases with volume expanded. LiS4 and ZnS2 are produced with ZnS lithiation, besides LixZn and Li2S. Moreover, it is proven that the capacity of ZnS/graphene more than the sum of ZnS and graphene originates from the interfacial lithium storage via the pseudocapacity-like storage mechanism. Therefore, further increasing the contact area between ZnS and graphene could promote the capacity by reducing the ZnS particle size

Influence of Hard Carbon Materials Structure on the Performance of Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries are one of the ideal devices for large-scale energy storage systems, and hard carbon is a promising negative electrode material for sodium-ion batteries. In this paper, we carefully study three commercial hard carbon (HC) materials with different structures and find that the interlayer spacing, defects, particle size, and pore size of the materials have significant impacts on the performance. The materials are used to analyze the sodium storage behaviors in the slope and plateau regions through charge/discharge, CV, and GITT tests. To eliminate the adverse impact of overpotential on the metal sodium electrode in the half-cell system, we use a three-electrode system to measure the capacity of different HCs in the slope and plateau regions. It is found that the sodium storage of the slope region is accompanied by both adsorption and intercalation behaviors. The K-HC with the largest interlayer spacing (0.393 nm) and the largest number of defects (AD/AG value is 1.30) has the highest sodium storage specific capacity (288.29 mAh·g–1) and slope area capacity contribution (107.04 mAh·g–1). In addition, the kinetics of different HC materials are studied. The GITT and EIS results indicate that Na+ diffusion is the easiest in A-HC materials, so they exhibit better rate performance. Due to a large number of defects (AD/AG = 1.30) and large layer spacing (0.393 nm), the K-HC material has the highest capacitance contribution (0.2 mV·s–1, 47.6%) and sodium storage specific capacity (288.29 mAh·g–1)

Characteristics of homology search of unigenes against the NR database.

<p>(A) E-value distribution of the top BLAST hits for each unigene with a cut-off E-value of 1.0E−5. (B) Similarity distribution of the best BLAST hits for each unigene. (C) Species distribution is shown as the percentage of the total homologous sequences with an E-value of at least 1.0E−5. We used all plant proteins in the NCBI NR database for homology search and extracted the first hit of each sequence for analysis.</p

Virus induced local lesions on leaves of <i>C. amaranticolor</i>.

<p>(A) The 6-week old plant of <i>C. amaranticolor</i>. (B) Leaves inoculated with <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> at 40 hours p.i.. (C) Leaves inoculated with <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> at 40 hours p.i.. Scale bar = 1.0 cm.</p

De Novo Foliar Transcriptome of <em>Chenopodium amaranticolor</em> and Analysis of Its Gene Expression During Virus-Induced Hypersensitive Response

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The hypersensitive response (HR) system of <em>Chenopodium</em> spp. confers broad-spectrum virus resistance. However, little knowledge exists at the genomic level for <em>Chenopodium</em>, thus impeding the advanced molecular research of this attractive feature. Hence, we took advantage of RNA-seq to survey the foliar transcriptome of <em>C. amaranticolor</em>, a <em>Chenopodium</em> species widely used as laboratory indicator for pathogenic viruses, in order to facilitate the characterization of the HR-type of virus resistance.</p> <h3>Methodology and Principal Findings</h3><p>Using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform, we obtained 39,868,984 reads with 3,588,208,560 bp, which were assembled into 112,452 unigenes (3,847 clusters and 108,605 singletons). BlastX search against the NCBI NR database identified 61,698 sequences with a cut-off E-value above 10⁻⁵. Assembled sequences were annotated with gene descriptions, GO, COG and KEGG terms, respectively. A total number of 738 resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and homology sequences of 6 key signaling proteins within the R proteins-directed signaling pathway were identified. Based on this transcriptome data, we investigated the gene expression profiles over the stage of HR induced by <em>Tobacco mosaic virus</em> and <em>Cucumber mosaic virus</em> by using digital gene expression analysis. Numerous candidate genes specifically or commonly regulated by these two distinct viruses at early and late stages of the HR were identified, and the dynamic changes of the differently expressed genes enriched in the pathway of plant-pathogen interaction were particularly emphasized.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>To our knowledge, this study is the first description of the genetic makeup of <em>C. amaranticolor</em>, providing deep insight into the comprehensive gene expression information at transcriptional level in this species. The 738 RGAs as well as the differentially regulated genes, particularly the common genes regulated by both TMV and CMV, are suitable candidates which merit further functional characterization to dissect the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways of the HR-type of virus resistance in <em>Chenopodium</em>.</p> </div