Additional file 2 of Identification and characterization of a heme exporter from the MRP family in Drosophila melanogaster

Additional file 2: Movie S1. ZnMP uptake by S2 cells at room temperature. Movie S2. ZnMP uptake by S2 cells at 4°C. Movie S3. ZnMP exported by CD8-GFP cell at room temperature. Movie S4. ZnMP exported by CG4562/dMRP5-GFP cell at room temperature

Additional file 1 of Identification and characterization of a heme exporter from the MRP family in Drosophila melanogaster

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The phylogenetic tree of MRP family members in D. melanogaster and the A. aegypti, related to Fig. 1. Figure S2. Localizations of Drosophila MRPs in S2 cell and their expressions under hemin supplementation in S2 or Aag2 cells. Figure S3. Phenotypic analysis of CG4562 and MRPs expression level in adults’ intestine, related to Fig. 5. Figure S4. Some residues of CG4562/dMRP5 could be mutated without influencing the transport activity, related to Fig. 6. Table S1. RNAi List of D. melanogaster. Table S2. qPCR Primers of D. melanogaster. Table S3. qPCR Primers of A. aegypti

Additional file 3 of Identification and characterization of a heme exporter from the MRP family in Drosophila melanogaster

Additional file 3. The individual raw data values of figures and Additional files for number of replicates ≤ 6. All the data are cited in the figure legend

Correlation between the Flow Temperature and Mineral Factor for Coal Ashes Based on FactSage Calculation

To find a simple method to predict the ash flow temperature (FT) based on FactSage calculation, 69 coal ash samples were selected to explore the correlation between the FT and its mineral factor (MF) at a given temperature. An approximate linear relationship was found between ash FT and its MF: FT = 0.64MF + 1332, with a related coefficient value of 0.94 and a standard deviation of 25.77 °C. Ten ash samples were used to investigate its reliability. The calculated FTs were consistent with experimental FTs in the error range of measurement, and the correlation might be more reliable for low iron and low calcium coal

Unique Advantages of Gasification-Coke Prepared with Low-Rank Coal Blends via Reasonable Granularity Control

To perfectly solve the shortage of high-strength lump-feedstock resources and the problems of phenolic wastewater treatment and furnace corrosion restricting long-term operation of moving (fixed) bed gasification, high-strength gasification-coke with a large amount of low-rank coal blends has been prepared by reasonable granularity control at low cost. To further understand the physicochemical properties of this coke, the effects of the blending ratio of low-rank coals and particle size distribution on coke reactivity were investigated in this study. At the same time, the release ratio of Na in gasification-coke with blending sodium-rich coal was detected during the pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion stages. The results show that coke gasification reactivity with the fast reaction rate range mainly depends on the blending ratio of low-rank coals. The reasonable granularity control, which requires a small amount of strong-caking coal fines (<0.2 mm) bonded with coarse particles (1–3 mm ratio > 60%) of low-rank coals and weak-caking coals, gives rise to coke in a cage shape having a large pore structure with the process of gasification. The residues of coke also exhibit a relatively high mechanical strength. The unique feature of gasification-coke can inhibit about 45% Na volatilization more than that of the investigated sodium-rich coal because of the formation of a strong skeleton structure of the former that locks up the low-rank coal ash firmly during the gasification process. Most water-soluble Na (Na2SO4) retained in the low-rank coal ash further promotes the gasification reactivity of residues (caking coal components) in the later stage of gasification, and then it enters the ash with subsequent combustion at high temperature and transforms to aluminum silicate, which can reduce the furnace corrosion remarkably

Improvement in Stability and Storage Performance of All-Inorganic Perovskite CsPb(Br_1–<i>x</i>I_<i>x</i>)₃ Memristors Based on Simple Halide Ion Migration

The facile ionic transport in all-inorganic CsPbX3 is crucial for the switching behavior and reliability of ion migration-based memristors. This work presents a method of halide ion doping to reduce the bromine vacancies on the surface of CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) and enhance the migration barriers of bromine ions. This improves the performance of memristors and achieves a more stable resistive switching process. The switching voltages (VSET/VRESET) for the CsPb­(Br0.93I0.07)3 QD-based device are 0.92 V/–3.01 V. The VSET/VRESET dispersion range has narrowed from ±0.12 V/±0.16 V for the CsPbBr3 QD-based device to a more consistent ±0.07 V/±0.11 V, resulting in a notable improvement in switching voltage uniformity. The stability of the device over 100 cycles has been optimized, and the HRS resistance varies from 550 × (100 ± 17%) Ω to 69550 × (100 ± 4.1%) Ω, with the ON/OFF ratio increasing significantly to 103. Consequently, this approach can effectively modulate memristive behaviors, indirectly suppressing the random generation of conductive channels. This is enlightening in constructing memristors with high stability and storage capacity

Yeast β‑Glucan-Grafted Glycogen Nanoparticles for Macrophage-Targeted Precise Delivery of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides: Implications for Immunotherapy Applications

Immunostimulatory CpG ODNs activate an immune response through recognition with TLR9. CpG ODNs demonstrate great potential in immunotherapy. However, their application is limited by drawbacks such as rapid nuclease degradation, low cellular uptake, and deficient release in TLR9-localized endo/lysosome. Precise transportation of CpG ODNs into endo/lysosomes of immune cells is crucial for promoting the immunostimulatory effect. In this work, a macrophage-targeted CpG ODNs delivery system was fabricated. Yeast β-glucan grafted glycogen (Gly–Glu) was synthesized and used as the carrier. Gly–Glu was positively charged, which encapsulated CpG ODNs and protected them against DNase digestion. Gly–Glu possessed a high CpG ODNs loading efficiency. Gly–Glu/CpG specifically recognized macrophages through dectin-1 and thus showed higher cellular uptake via dectin-1-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, Gly–Glu/CpG could be broken down by a degradation enzyme such as α-glucosidase in endo/lysosome, which significantly accelerated CpG ODNs release and further facilitated their interaction with TLR9. Consequently, Gly–Glu/CpG induced a higher immunostimulation. Our work offers a promising approach for precisely delivering CpG ODNs to macrophages, which brings hope for immunotherapy

Profiling Cystathionine β/γ-Lyase in Complex Biosamples Using Novel Activatable Fluorogens

Cystathionine lyase, the key enzyme in transsulfuration and reverse transsulfuration pathways, is involved in a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological processes in both mammals and nonmammals. Though the biological significance of the hydrogen sulfide/cystathionine lyase system in disease states is extensively discussed, the absence of molecular methods for direct monitoring of cystathionine lyase in complex biosamples renders the result unreliable and perplexing. Here, we present the first attempt at designing and developing effective activatable fluorescent probes for cystathionine lyase based on the naphthylamide scaffold. CBLP and CSEP were designed based on the catalytic preference of cystathionine β-lyase (CBL) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). Briefly, incorporation of cysteine/homocysteine as the recognition moiety and a carbamate ethyl sulfide group as a self-immolated linker proved to be an effective strategy for cystathionine lyase fluorescence reporting. CBLP exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity in vitro in semiquantifying CBL levels in roots of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and cbl mutants (cbl knockout: SALK_014740C, overexpressed: OE-CBL). Meanwhile, CSEP successfully detected CSE levels in HCC-LM3 cells, zebrafish models, and upregulated CSE in frozen section slides from the liver tissue of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic rats, which was also validated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. In summary, the practical design strategy facilitates profiling of cystathionine lyase activity in biological processes. It may pave the way for the development of accurate and efficient methods for the direct estimation of cystathionine lyase

Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Imaging Traceable CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Delivery

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) activate TLR9 and show immunostimulatory activity, which are promising in immunotherapy. However, delivery of CpG ODNs into target immune cells and simultaneously tracing their intracellular dynamic process remain a big challenge. Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) has gained increasing interest in biomedical areas due to its advantageous physicochemical properties, especially its unique optical characteristics. Herein, a multifunctional CpG ODN delivery system was developed utilizing chitosan (CS)-functionalized ultrathin GCN nanosheets (GCNNs). The ultrathin GCNNs with a thickness of about 0.6 nm were synthesized by acid etching and exfoliating the bulk GCN. CS-GCNNs showed no cytotoxicity while exhibiting efficient CpG ODN loading. CS-GCNNs notably increased the cellular uptake of the CpG ODN pathway and thus triggered enhanced immunostimulation. More importantly, CS-GCNNs exhibited adjuvant activity and could stably trace the process of CpG ODN delivery by cell imaging benefiting from their outstanding photoluminescent properties. Taken together, our findings provide an efficient and traceable platform for immunotherapy

Image_1_Anti-DFS70 antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: Prevalence in a large Chinese cohort and an unexpected association with anti-dsDNA antibodies by a long-term follow-up.jpeg

ObjectiveMonospecific autoantibodies to dense fine speckles 70 (DFS70) antigen are purported to aid in excluding systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the non-isolated anti-DFS70 still has a certain prevalence in SLE patients, and the clinical significance remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical relevance, and value of long-term monitoring of anti-DFS70 antibodies in SLE patients.MethodsAnti-DFS70 antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 851 SLE patients, 211 healthy individuals, and 194 patients with other SARD (except SLE). Demographic, serological, and clinical associations of anti-DFS70 antibodies were analyzed by a stepwise multivariable logistic regression model. The correlation of anti-DFS70 with anti-dsDNA, anti-C1q, and SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) was analyzed. Sixty-one SLE patients with follow-up time ranging from 2 to 57 months were measured anti-DFS70 antibodies using both ELISA and line immunoassay. The dynamic variations of anti-DFS70 antibodies were evaluated with anti-dsDNA, anti-C1q, and SLEDAI-2K during the follow-up.ResultsThe prevalence of anti-DFS70 was significantly higher in SLE (20.7% (176/851)) than in healthy individuals (9.5% (20/211), p = 0.0002) and other SARD (10.8% (21/194), p = 0.002). Multivariable analysis revealed that anti-DFS70-positive SLE patients were associated with younger age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.982; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.969, 0.995), higher frequencies of anti-dsDNA (OR 1.598; 95% CI 1.107, 2.306) and anti-PCNA (OR 6.101; 95% CI 2.534, 14.688), and higher levels of serum IgG (OR 1.097; 95% CI 1.067, 1.129) and were more likely to be accompanied by mucosal ulcers (OR 5.921; 95% CI 1.652, 21.215). The O.D. value of anti-DFS70 positively correlated with levels of anti-dsDNA (r = 0.183, p ConclusionAnti-DFS70 antibodies seem to be prevalent in Chinese SLE patients. The positive association of anti-DFS70 with anti-dsDNA and consistent dynamic variation between anti-DFS70 and anti-dsDNA during the follow-up suggested a potential relationship between anti-DFS70 and anti-dsDNA in patients with SLE.</p