Datasheet1_Tracheal or bronchial wedge resection: Case report.pdf

BackgroundPrimary tracheal or bronchial tumors are relatively uncommon, whether benign or malignant. Sleeve resection is an excellent surgical technique for most primary tracheal or bronchial tumors. However, depending on the size and location of the tumor, thoracoscopic wedge resection of trachea or bronchus can be performed with the assistance of a fiberoptic bronchoscope for some malignant and benign tumors.Case DescriptionWe performed a single incision video-assisted bronchial wedge resection in a patient with a left main bronchial hamartoma with a size of 7 × 5 × 5 mm. The patient was discharged from the hospital six days after the surgery with no postoperative complications. There was no obvious discomfort during the 6-month postoperative follow-up, and the reexamination of fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed no evident stenosis of the incision.ConclusionsThrough the detailed case study and literature review, we believe that tracheal or bronchial wedge resection is a significantly superior technique under the appropriate conditions. Video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection of trachea or bronchus should be a new and excellent development direction of minimally invasive bronchial surgery.</p

Table1_Tracheal or bronchial wedge resection: Case report.xlsx

BackgroundPrimary tracheal or bronchial tumors are relatively uncommon, whether benign or malignant. Sleeve resection is an excellent surgical technique for most primary tracheal or bronchial tumors. However, depending on the size and location of the tumor, thoracoscopic wedge resection of trachea or bronchus can be performed with the assistance of a fiberoptic bronchoscope for some malignant and benign tumors.Case DescriptionWe performed a single incision video-assisted bronchial wedge resection in a patient with a left main bronchial hamartoma with a size of 7 × 5 × 5 mm. The patient was discharged from the hospital six days after the surgery with no postoperative complications. There was no obvious discomfort during the 6-month postoperative follow-up, and the reexamination of fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed no evident stenosis of the incision.ConclusionsThrough the detailed case study and literature review, we believe that tracheal or bronchial wedge resection is a significantly superior technique under the appropriate conditions. Video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection of trachea or bronchus should be a new and excellent development direction of minimally invasive bronchial surgery.</p

Theoretical investigation of different reactivities of Fe(IV)O and Ru(IV)O complexes with the same ligand topology

<p>The structures and mechanisms for hydrogen abstraction from isopropylbenzene for four high-valence complexes, <i>cis</i>-β-[Fe^IV(O)(BQCN)]²⁺ (<b>Fe-2b</b> and <b>Fe-2b-2</b>) and <i>cis</i>-β-[Ru^IV(O)(BQCN)]²⁺ (<b>Ru-2b</b> and <b>Ru-2b-2</b>) (BQCN = N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(8-quinolyl)-cyclohexanediamine), were investigated using density functional theory. Of the two iron complexes, <b>Fe-2b-2</b> has more exposed FeO units than <b>Fe-2b</b>, with iron being further out of the equatorial plane because of the steric interaction of the same ligand topologies with the iron-oxo group <i>trans</i> to a quinolyl or amine nitrogen. The contribution of BQCN to <b>Fe-2b</b> is higher than the contribution to <b>Fe-2b-2</b> as shown by the density-of-states spectra. The iron isomers can abstract hydrogen from isopropylbenzene via two-state reactivity patterns, whereas the ruthenium isomers react with isopropylbenzene via a single-state mechanism. In the gas phase, the relative reactivity exhibits the trend <b>Fe-2b</b> > <b>Fe-2b-2</b>, whereas with the addition of the ZPE correction and the SMD model, the relative reactivity follows <b>Fe-2b-2</b> > <b>Fe-2b</b>. For the ruthenium complexes, the relative reactivity follows the trend <b>Ru-2b-2</b> > <b>Ru-2b</b> in both the gas phase and solvent. Thus, the same ligand topologies with the metal-oxo group <i>trans</i> to a different nitrogen affect the reactivities of the iron and ruthenium complexes.</p

Theoretical investigation of different reactivities of Fe(IV)O and Ru(IV)O complexes with the same ligand topology

<p>The structures and mechanisms for hydrogen abstraction from isopropylbenzene for four high-valence complexes, <i>cis</i>-β-[Fe^IV(O)(BQCN)]²⁺ (<b>Fe-2b</b> and <b>Fe-2b-2</b>) and <i>cis</i>-β-[Ru^IV(O)(BQCN)]²⁺ (<b>Ru-2b</b> and <b>Ru-2b-2</b>) (BQCN = N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(8-quinolyl)-cyclohexanediamine), were investigated using density functional theory. Of the two iron complexes, <b>Fe-2b-2</b> has more exposed FeO units than <b>Fe-2b</b>, with iron being further out of the equatorial plane because of the steric interaction of the same ligand topologies with the iron-oxo group <i>trans</i> to a quinolyl or amine nitrogen. The contribution of BQCN to <b>Fe-2b</b> is higher than the contribution to <b>Fe-2b-2</b> as shown by the density-of-states spectra. The iron isomers can abstract hydrogen from isopropylbenzene via two-state reactivity patterns, whereas the ruthenium isomers react with isopropylbenzene via a single-state mechanism. In the gas phase, the relative reactivity exhibits the trend <b>Fe-2b</b> > <b>Fe-2b-2</b>, whereas with the addition of the ZPE correction and the SMD model, the relative reactivity follows <b>Fe-2b-2</b> > <b>Fe-2b</b>. For the ruthenium complexes, the relative reactivity follows the trend <b>Ru-2b-2</b> > <b>Ru-2b</b> in both the gas phase and solvent. Thus, the same ligand topologies with the metal-oxo group <i>trans</i> to a different nitrogen affect the reactivities of the iron and ruthenium complexes.</p

Image_4_Combination of Radiofrequency Ablation With Resiquimod to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Via Inflammation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Suppression of Angiogenesis.tif

BackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) destroys tumors through hyperthermic injury, which induces the release of immunogenic intracellular substrates and damages associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to evoke a systemic immune response, but its therapeutic effect is limited. This study aimed to combine RFA with an immunomodulator, resiquimod (R848), to enhance the RFA-induced antitumor immunity.MethodsWe performed RFA on subcutaneous tumors in immunocompetent mice and intraperitoneally injected R848 to observe the efficacy of the combination therapy. Our research investigated changes in the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in primary and distant tumors by flow cytometry. Natural killer (NK) cell depletion experiment was applied to confirm the role of NK cell in the combination therapy. The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemical test was conducted to reveal tumor angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and apoptosis after the different treatments.Results and ConclusionCompared with RFA or R848 monotherapy, the combination therapy significantly slowed the tumor growth, prolonged the survival time, and shrank the tumor-draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. The flow cytometry results showed that tumor-infiltrating immune cells, total T cells, the ratio of CD8+ T and NK cells to CD45+ cells, and functional NK cells were obviously increased after the combined treatment. Distal tumor growth was also suppressed, and the profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was remodeled, too. In addition, the additive effect of the combination therapy disappeared after NK cell depletion. Furthermore, immunohistochemical results verified that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis in murine liver cancer, and the combination therapy promoted tumor cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that RFA combined with R848 stimulated a stronger antitumor immune response and effectively inhibited liver cancer progression in a NK cell-dependent manner. Meanwhile, we confirmed that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis and promoted apoptosis in murine liver cancer. Overall, this is a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of RFA in the treatment of liver cancer and provides a novel option for combined thermal ablation and immunotherapy.</p

Image_5_Combination of Radiofrequency Ablation With Resiquimod to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Via Inflammation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Suppression of Angiogenesis.tif

BackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) destroys tumors through hyperthermic injury, which induces the release of immunogenic intracellular substrates and damages associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to evoke a systemic immune response, but its therapeutic effect is limited. This study aimed to combine RFA with an immunomodulator, resiquimod (R848), to enhance the RFA-induced antitumor immunity.MethodsWe performed RFA on subcutaneous tumors in immunocompetent mice and intraperitoneally injected R848 to observe the efficacy of the combination therapy. Our research investigated changes in the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in primary and distant tumors by flow cytometry. Natural killer (NK) cell depletion experiment was applied to confirm the role of NK cell in the combination therapy. The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemical test was conducted to reveal tumor angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and apoptosis after the different treatments.Results and ConclusionCompared with RFA or R848 monotherapy, the combination therapy significantly slowed the tumor growth, prolonged the survival time, and shrank the tumor-draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. The flow cytometry results showed that tumor-infiltrating immune cells, total T cells, the ratio of CD8+ T and NK cells to CD45+ cells, and functional NK cells were obviously increased after the combined treatment. Distal tumor growth was also suppressed, and the profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was remodeled, too. In addition, the additive effect of the combination therapy disappeared after NK cell depletion. Furthermore, immunohistochemical results verified that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis in murine liver cancer, and the combination therapy promoted tumor cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that RFA combined with R848 stimulated a stronger antitumor immune response and effectively inhibited liver cancer progression in a NK cell-dependent manner. Meanwhile, we confirmed that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis and promoted apoptosis in murine liver cancer. Overall, this is a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of RFA in the treatment of liver cancer and provides a novel option for combined thermal ablation and immunotherapy.</p

Image_1_Combination of Radiofrequency Ablation With Resiquimod to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Via Inflammation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Suppression of Angiogenesis.tif

BackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) destroys tumors through hyperthermic injury, which induces the release of immunogenic intracellular substrates and damages associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to evoke a systemic immune response, but its therapeutic effect is limited. This study aimed to combine RFA with an immunomodulator, resiquimod (R848), to enhance the RFA-induced antitumor immunity.MethodsWe performed RFA on subcutaneous tumors in immunocompetent mice and intraperitoneally injected R848 to observe the efficacy of the combination therapy. Our research investigated changes in the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in primary and distant tumors by flow cytometry. Natural killer (NK) cell depletion experiment was applied to confirm the role of NK cell in the combination therapy. The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemical test was conducted to reveal tumor angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and apoptosis after the different treatments.Results and ConclusionCompared with RFA or R848 monotherapy, the combination therapy significantly slowed the tumor growth, prolonged the survival time, and shrank the tumor-draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. The flow cytometry results showed that tumor-infiltrating immune cells, total T cells, the ratio of CD8+ T and NK cells to CD45+ cells, and functional NK cells were obviously increased after the combined treatment. Distal tumor growth was also suppressed, and the profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was remodeled, too. In addition, the additive effect of the combination therapy disappeared after NK cell depletion. Furthermore, immunohistochemical results verified that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis in murine liver cancer, and the combination therapy promoted tumor cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that RFA combined with R848 stimulated a stronger antitumor immune response and effectively inhibited liver cancer progression in a NK cell-dependent manner. Meanwhile, we confirmed that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis and promoted apoptosis in murine liver cancer. Overall, this is a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of RFA in the treatment of liver cancer and provides a novel option for combined thermal ablation and immunotherapy.</p

Table_1_Combination of Radiofrequency Ablation With Resiquimod to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Via Inflammation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Suppression of Angiogenesis.docx

BackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) destroys tumors through hyperthermic injury, which induces the release of immunogenic intracellular substrates and damages associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to evoke a systemic immune response, but its therapeutic effect is limited. This study aimed to combine RFA with an immunomodulator, resiquimod (R848), to enhance the RFA-induced antitumor immunity.MethodsWe performed RFA on subcutaneous tumors in immunocompetent mice and intraperitoneally injected R848 to observe the efficacy of the combination therapy. Our research investigated changes in the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in primary and distant tumors by flow cytometry. Natural killer (NK) cell depletion experiment was applied to confirm the role of NK cell in the combination therapy. The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemical test was conducted to reveal tumor angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and apoptosis after the different treatments.Results and ConclusionCompared with RFA or R848 monotherapy, the combination therapy significantly slowed the tumor growth, prolonged the survival time, and shrank the tumor-draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. The flow cytometry results showed that tumor-infiltrating immune cells, total T cells, the ratio of CD8+ T and NK cells to CD45+ cells, and functional NK cells were obviously increased after the combined treatment. Distal tumor growth was also suppressed, and the profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was remodeled, too. In addition, the additive effect of the combination therapy disappeared after NK cell depletion. Furthermore, immunohistochemical results verified that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis in murine liver cancer, and the combination therapy promoted tumor cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that RFA combined with R848 stimulated a stronger antitumor immune response and effectively inhibited liver cancer progression in a NK cell-dependent manner. Meanwhile, we confirmed that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis and promoted apoptosis in murine liver cancer. Overall, this is a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of RFA in the treatment of liver cancer and provides a novel option for combined thermal ablation and immunotherapy.</p

Image_6_Combination of Radiofrequency Ablation With Resiquimod to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Via Inflammation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Suppression of Angiogenesis.jpeg

BackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) destroys tumors through hyperthermic injury, which induces the release of immunogenic intracellular substrates and damages associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to evoke a systemic immune response, but its therapeutic effect is limited. This study aimed to combine RFA with an immunomodulator, resiquimod (R848), to enhance the RFA-induced antitumor immunity.MethodsWe performed RFA on subcutaneous tumors in immunocompetent mice and intraperitoneally injected R848 to observe the efficacy of the combination therapy. Our research investigated changes in the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in primary and distant tumors by flow cytometry. Natural killer (NK) cell depletion experiment was applied to confirm the role of NK cell in the combination therapy. The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemical test was conducted to reveal tumor angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and apoptosis after the different treatments.Results and ConclusionCompared with RFA or R848 monotherapy, the combination therapy significantly slowed the tumor growth, prolonged the survival time, and shrank the tumor-draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. The flow cytometry results showed that tumor-infiltrating immune cells, total T cells, the ratio of CD8+ T and NK cells to CD45+ cells, and functional NK cells were obviously increased after the combined treatment. Distal tumor growth was also suppressed, and the profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was remodeled, too. In addition, the additive effect of the combination therapy disappeared after NK cell depletion. Furthermore, immunohistochemical results verified that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis in murine liver cancer, and the combination therapy promoted tumor cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that RFA combined with R848 stimulated a stronger antitumor immune response and effectively inhibited liver cancer progression in a NK cell-dependent manner. Meanwhile, we confirmed that R848 inhibited tumor angiogenesis and promoted apoptosis in murine liver cancer. Overall, this is a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of RFA in the treatment of liver cancer and provides a novel option for combined thermal ablation and immunotherapy.</p