The manipulation period of eight manipulated stocks.

<p>The manipulation period of eight manipulated stocks.</p

The degree-strength correlation for eight manipulated stocks.

<p>The horizontal axis is the degree <i>k</i> of nodes and the vertical axis is the average strength <i>s</i>. The solid line is the best power-law fit to the function for real trading networks, and the dash line is the power-law fit to the function for randomized trading networks. (a)(d) The degree-strength correlation in the trading networks of the stocks which are manipulated for the whole year. (e)(h) The degree-strength correlation in the trading networks of the stocks which are manipulated from Jan 2004 to Sep 2004.</p

Anomalous traders detected in the trading networks of eight manipulated stocks.

<p>The horizontal axis represents trading days and the vertical axis represents these investors's ID reordered according to their appearance in transaction data of the stock. The percentage of anomalous traders is showed in top panels. (a)(d): stocks with the manipulation periods persisting the whole year.(e)(h): stocks with the manipulation periods from Jan 2004 to Sep 2004.</p

Anomalous traders detected in the trading networks of four randomly-selected non-manipulated stocks.

<p>The horizontal axis represents trading days and the vertical axis represents these investors's ID reordered according to their appearance in transaction data of the stock. The percentage of anomalous traders is showed in top panels.</p

Part of a trading network for a real manipulated stock on one trading day.

<p>The bigger nodes are the candidate anomalous traders detected by the weight-threshold method with the global threshold t = 7. Only the pink nodes are the candidate anomalous traders detected by our method. The weight of the unlabeled edges is 1.</p

The literature search process.

<p>Flow diagram depicts the screening process of retrieved articles, including the reason for and number of exclusions. CFH = complement factor H; PCV = polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.</p

An example of the order matching process by electronic system in stock exchange.

<p>(a) Orders submitted by traders. (b) The list of ask orders and bid orders. (c) The match process. (d) The trading network constructed according to the executed transactions.</p

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Complement Factor H I62V Polymorphism and Risk of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Asian Populations

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To investigate whether the polymorphism rs800292 (184G>A, I62V) in the complement factor H gene is associated with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and the genetic difference between PCV and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), in Asian populations.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and reference lists. A system review and meta-analysis of the association between I62V and PCV and/or nAMD were performed from 8 studies involving 5,062 subjects. The following data from individual studies were extracted and analyzed: 1) comparison of I62V polymorphisms between PCV and controls; 2) comparison of I62V polymorphisms between PCV and nAMD. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using fixed-effects models. The Q-statistic test was used to assess heterogeneity, and Egger’s test was used to evaluate publication bias. Sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were also performed.</p><p>Results</p><p>The I62V polymorphism showed a significant summary OR₁ for genotype GA+GG versus homozygous genotype AA was 3.18 (95% CI, 2.51–4.04, <i>P</i><<i>0.00001</i>), the OR₂ of heterozygous genotype GA versus AA was 2.29 (95% CI: 1.79–2.94, <i>P</i><<i>0.00001</i>), the OR₃ of homozygous genotype GG versus AA was 4.42 (95% CI: 3.45–5.67, <i>P</i><<i>0.00001</i>), and the OR₄ of allele G versus A was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.85–2.26, <i>P</i><<i>0.00001</i>). Sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of our findings, and evidence of publication bias was not observed in our meta-analysis. Cumulative meta-analysis revealed that the summary ORs were stable. There was no significant difference in every genetic model between PCV and nAMD (n = 5, OR₁ = 0.92, OR₂ = 0.96, OR₃ = 0.90, OR₄ = 0.94).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our analysis provides evidence that the I62V polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of PCV. The variant of I62V could be a promising genetic biomarker of PCV in Asian populations.</p></div

Histogram of

<p><b> for (a)one non-manipulated stock and (b)one manipulated stock.</b> Distributions of for the real trading network and the randomized network are presented in the top panel and the bottom panel respectively.</p