Method of Studying Λb0\Lambda_b^0 decays with one missing particle

A new technique is discussed that can be applied to $\Lambda_b^0$ baryon decays where decays with one missing particle can be discerned from background and their branching fractions determined, along with other properties of the decays. Applications include measurements of the CKM elements $|V_{ub}|$ and $|V_{cb}|$, selected charmless decays, and detection of any exotic objects coupling to $b\to s$ decays, such as the inflaton.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, updated for referees comments on July 16, 201

Time-dependent Dalitz-plot formalism for B_q -> J/\psi\ h+ h-

A formalism for measuring time-dependent CP violation in B_q -> J/\psi h+ h- decays with J/\psi-> mu+ mu- is developed for the general case where there can be many h+ h- final states of different angular momentum present. Here h refers to any spinless meson. The decay amplitude is derived using similar considerations as those in a Daltiz like analysis of three-body spinless mesons taking into account the fact that the J/\psi is spin-1, and the various interferences allowed between different final states. Implementation of this procedure can, in principle, lead to the use of a larger number of final states for CP violation studies.Comment: To be published in Physics Lett. B, 11 pages 1 figure, version 2, fixed error in middle term of Eq. (23

Generators of simple modular Lie superalgebras

Let $X$ be one of the finite-dimensional simple graded Lie superalgebras of Cartan type $W, S, H, K, HO, KO, SHO$ or $SKO$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>3$. In this paper we prove that $X$ can be generated by one element except the ones of type $W,$ $HO$, $KO$ or $SKO$ in certain exceptional cases, in which $X$ can be generated by two elements. As a subsidiary result, we also prove that certain classical Lie superalgebras or their relatives can be generated by one or two elements

Land-use change simulation and assessment of driving factors in the loess hilly region - a case study as Pengyang County

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the land-use change and its relationship with its driving factors in the loess hilly region. In this study, a case study was carried out in Pengyang County. We set two land-use demand scenarios (a baseline scenario (scenario 1) and a real land-use requirement scenario (scenario 2)) during year 2001-2005 via assuming the effect of driving factors on land-use change keeps stable from 1993 to 2005. Two simulated land-use patterns of 2005 are therefore achieved accordingly by use of the conversion of land use and its effects model at small regional extent. Kappa analyses are conducted to compare each simulated land-use pattern with the reality. Results show that (1) the associated kappa values were decreased from 0.83 in 1993-2000 to 0.27 (in scenario 1) and 0.23 (in scenario 2) in 2001-2005 and (2) forest and grassland were the land-use types with highest commission errors, which implies that conversion of both the land-use types mentioned above is the main determinant of change of kappa values. Our study indicates the land-use change was driven by the synthetic multiply factors including natural and social-economic factors (e.g., slope, aspect, elevation, distance to road, soil types, and population dense) in 1993-2000 until "Grain for Green Project" was implemented and has become the dominant factor in 2001-2005

Construction of spirocarbocycles via gold-catalyzed intramolecular dearomatization of naphthols.

A highly efficient, gold-catalyzed intramolecular dearomatization reaction of naphthols via 5-endo-dig cyclization is described. This facile and direct approach furnishes spirocarbocycles in excellent yields under mild conditions

Reprogramming glioblastoma multiforme cells into neurons by protein kinase inhibitors

Abstract Background Reprogramming of cancers into normal-like tissues is an innovative strategy for cancer treatment. Recent reports demonstrate that defined factors can reprogram cancer cells into pluripotent stem cells. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in humans. Despite multimodal therapy, the outcome for patients with GBM is still poor. Therefore, developing novel therapeutic strategy is a critical requirement. Methods We have developed a novel reprogramming method that uses a conceptually unique strategy for GBM treatment. We screened a kinase inhibitor library to find which candidate inhibitors under reprogramming condition can reprogram GBM cells into neurons. The induced neurons are identified whether functional and loss of tumorigenicity. Results We have found that mTOR and ROCK kinase inhibitors are sufficient to reprogram GBM cells into neural-like cells and “normal” neurons. The induced neurons expressed neuron-specific proteins, generated action potentials and neurotransmitter receptor-mediated currents. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis showed that the induced neurons had a profile different from GBM cells and were similar to that of control neurons induced by established methods. In vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis assays showed that induced neurons lost their proliferation ability and tumorigenicity. Moreover, reprogramming treatment with ROCK-mTOR inhibitors prevented GBM local recurrence in mice. Conclusion This study indicates that ROCK and mTOR inhibitors-based reprogramming treatment prevents GBM local recurrence. Currently ROCK-mTOR inhibitors are used as anti-tumor drugs in patients, so this reprogramming strategy has significant potential to move rapidly toward clinical trials